Summarize the following:
Inspect the lens and look for the “ø” symbol near the base that screws into the camera body. The number following the symbol is the diameter of the lens in millimeters. Make sure you get a filter that fits the size of your lens.  The number may be painted on the lens or etched into the surface. If you can’t find the diameter, look at the original packaging or instruction manual for the lens to find out. Hold the edge of a ruler across the widest part of the lens, which should be directly through the middle of it. Measure the length from the threaded area on the inside rim of the lens to the other inside edge directly across from it. Be sure to take your measurement in millimeters. Most common lenses have a diameter between 49-77mm. Filter adaptors are rings that screw onto your camera lens so you can use larger or smaller filters. Attach the adaptor to the end of your lens before attaching the filter to it. Once they’re both screwed on, then your camera is ready to use. Filter adaptors may not fit on wide-angle lenses. Screw-on filters attach directly onto your camera, but they can only fit certain sizes. Square filters use an adaptor to fit multiple lens sizes, but they can be more expensive and cause light to leak into the photo. Choose the style of filter that works best for you. Screw-on filters help protect the camera lens, but square filters do not.

summary: Look for the diameter listed on the lens barrel. Measure the lens diameter with a ruler. Get an adapter for your lens if the filter you have doesn’t fit. Choose between screw-on or square filters.


Summarize the following:
This is not a mandatory step, as some recommend it and others don’t. Adding ice to the shaker will cool the ingredients while you shake rather than waiting until you pour them into the glass of ice. If you are stirring in a glass rather than using a shaker, don’t add the ice until you have mixed the drink up thoroughly. If you are mixing in a water bottle, ice probably won’t fit anyway. If you are using a shaker with an inverted glass, make sure you hold them together tightly so no liquid leaks out. Shake for 5-10 seconds. If you don’t have a shaker, stir the drink in fast circles for the same amount of time. It’s recommended to use a Collins, a hurricane, or a highball glass, but really any glass will work. You can fill the glass full or only put half a glass of ice. As you pour, strain out the ice that was in the shaker. It usually works best to pour quickly so you avoid spilling the drink down the side of the shaker. You can use a grater to sprinkle some fresh nutmeg or you can use powdered nutmeg from a bottle. This is just to add a taste, so don’t go overboard. To finish the drink off, you can garnish with a wedge of pineapple or lime. Add a cocktail umbrella to add a festive look to the drink.

summary: Add ice to the shaker. Cover and shake the ingredients vigorously. Put crushed ice into a tall glass. Pour the mixed cocktail over the ice. Sprinkle nutmeg lightly over the drink.


Summarize the following:
The problem 2 ÷ 1/2 is asking you: ”How many halves are in 2?”  The answer is 4, because each unit (1) is made up of two halves, and there are 2 units total: 2 halves/1 unit * 2 units = 4 halves.  Try thinking about this same equation in terms of cups of water: How many half cups of water are in 2 cups of water?  You could pour 2 half cups of water into each cup of water which means you are basically adding them, and you have two cups: 2 halves/1 cup * 2 cups = 4 halves. All of this means that when the fraction you are dividing by is between 0 and 1, the answer will always be larger than the original number!  This is true whether you are dividing whole numbers or fractions by a fraction. Therefore, dividing by a fraction can be accomplished by multiplying by its reciprocal.  The reciprocal of a fraction (also called its “multiplicative inverse”) is just the fraction turned upside down, so that the numerator and denominator have switched places. In a moment, we are going to divide fractions by fractions by finding the reciprocal of the second fraction and multiplying them together, but let's look at some reciprocals first:  The reciprocal of 3/4 is 4/3. The reciprocal of 7/5 is 5/7. The reciprocal of 1/2 is 2/1, or 2. In order, the steps are:  Leave the first fraction in the equation alone. Turn the division sign into a multiplication sign. Flip the second fraction over (find its reciprocal). Multiply the numerators (top numbers) of the two fractions together.  This result will be the numerator (top portion) of your answer.    Multiply the denominators (bottom numbers) of the two fractions together. The result will be the denominator of your answer. Simplify your fraction by reducing it to the simplest terms. We will begin by leaving the first fraction alone, and changing the division sign to a multiplication sign:   1/3 ÷ 2/5 = becomes: 1/3 * __ = Now we flip the second fraction (2/5) over to find its reciprocal, 5/2: 1/3 * 5/2 = Now multiply the numerators (top numbers) of the two fractions, 1*5 = 5. 1/3 * 5/2 = 5/ Now multiply the denominators (bottom numbers) of the two fractions, 3*2 = 6. We now have: 1/3 * 5/2 = 5/6  This particular fraction cannot be simplified further, so we have our answer. "Dividing fractions, as easy as pie, Flip the second fraction, then multiply. And don't forget to simplify, Before it's time to say goodbye."  Another  helpful saying that tells you what to do with each part of the equation is: “Leave Me (the first fraction), Change Me (the division symbol), Turn Me Over (the second fraction).”
summary: Think about what dividing by a fraction means. Understand that dividing is the opposite of multiplying. Memorize the following steps for dividing a fraction by a fraction. Work through these steps on the example 1/3 ÷ 2/5. Try remembering the following rhyme to help you remember: