Limit the strain on your digestive tract as much as possible when you have diarrhea. Stick to a clear liquid diet to stay hydrated and keep your electrolytes in balance without stressing your stomach.  Have 5-6 small “meals” throughout the day, or just sip on these fluids every few minutes as you can tolerate it. The clear liquid diet includes:  Water (carbonated and flavored waters are okay) Fruit juice with no pulp, fruit punch, and lemonade Bubbly drinks, including soda (though it's important to choose sugar- and caffeine-free options) Gelatin Coffee and tea (decaffeinated, without dairy) Strained tomato or vegetable juice Sports drinks (drink these in addition to other items, not just by themselves – they contain too much sugar to be helpful alone) Clear broth (not creamy soup) Honey and sugar, and hard candy like lemon drops and peppermints Ice pops (no fruit or dairy) By the second day you may be able to add some dry, semi-solid foods to your diet. Eat these in small amounts. If you do not tolerate it, go back to the clear liquid diet and try again later. Choose foods that are bland and low in fat and fiber.  Try the BRAT diet, containing bland foods like bananas, rice, applesauce, and toast. Other good options are crackers, noodles, and mashed potatoes. Stay away from highly-seasoned foods. Some salt is okay, but don't eat anything spicy. Foods high in fiber are likely to produce gas and worsen diarrhea. Skip fresh vegetables and fruits (other than bananas) until you feel better. Whole wheats and brans are also high in fiber. Note, however, that fiber can help regulate your bowels in the long run. If you have frequent problems with diarrhea, consider consuming more fiber in your diet to help regulate your system. Foods high in fat are likely to worsen diarrhea and stomach pain. Until you're 100% well, avoid red meat, butter, margarine, whole dairy products, fried food, and processed, prepackaged, and fast food. Limit fat to <15 grams per day. One possible cause of diarrhea, gas, and bloating is lactose intolerance. If you notice that your diarrhea occurs often or is worse when you drink milk or eat dairy products, consider whether you're lactose intolerant. However, avoid dairy while you have diarrhea no matter what. Caffeine can cause stomach pain and gas, and may make you more dehydrated. It's okay to drink coffee, tea, and soda if it's caffeine-free. This includes caffeinated drinks like coffee, tea, and some sports drinks, as well as foods high in caffeine, like chocolate. Alcohol will likely worsen your symptoms. It can also interfere with any medication you're taking to control symptoms. Alcohol also makes you urinate more, and can contribute to dehydration. Stay away from alcohol while you're ill. A chemical compound in fake sweeteners is known to cause or worsen diarrhea. Avoid food additives in general, but especially until your digestive system is back on track. There are many brands that contain artificial sweeteners, such as:  Sunett and Sweet One Equal, NutraSweet, and Neotame Sweet'N Low Splenda Probiotics are a type of live bacteria that help maintain the digestive tract. You can find them in products like yogurt with live cultures, and as pills or capsules at your local drug store or pharmacy. Probiotics might be helpful for diarrhea caused by antibiotics and some viruses because they can restore the balance of “good” bacteria in the gut. Eating plain yogurt with live cultures is an exception to the no-dairy rule when you have diarrhea.
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One-sentence summary -- Follow a clear liquid diet. Add solid foods gradually. Stick to low-fiber foods. Avoid fatty and greasy foods. Say no to dairy. Avoid caffeine. Do not drink alcohol. Skip fructose and artificial sweeteners. Try probiotics.


Look for text written in bold or italics, or off-set in a chart or graph. Also look for sections at the end of each chapter that condenses the key concepts from that unit. Information presented in any of these ways tends to be of the highest importance when teachers prepare a test on that chapter or section.  If you're studying a creative work, such as a play or novel, look for patterns and themes. Motifs (elements that carry additional meaning, such as darkness, blood, gold) may repeat across the text, suggesting that they're important to pay attention to. “Big ideas” are also good to focus on. If your teacher permits it, you can use a study guide such as Cliffs Notes or Shmoop to help you understand the plot, so that you can focus on more important themes and patterns. Don't rely on these guides to tell you everything you need to know! Use them only as supplements to other study and reading techniques. Now that you've skimmed the chapter and made note of the key concepts, read the whole section at least once, paying attention to details and taking notes along the way. This will allow you to understand the material and contextualize that chapter within the larger unit. Active reading, which involves asking questions of the reading and taking notes, is proven to be more effective and efficient than passively reading through just to finish the chapter.  Draw a bracket around key concepts in the chapter, and circle any terms or names you're not familiar with. Write questions in the margins as you read, then find the answers to those questions. This will help you make better sense of the material and will help you remember those concepts more concretely.  Remember that restating can also condense and focus. As you restate, make sure you pay attention to what seems most important. For example, consider this passage: “Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes.” Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.  A restatement of the key concept could look like this: “Take fewer direct quotations in notes bc too many could cause over-quotation in final paper. 10% max quotes in final.” As you can see, this has captured the most important information from the passage, but it's in your own words, and it's much shorter -- meaning it will be easier to remember later. Go over your notes and any flashcards you've made. Quiz yourself once you've read through all of your notes several times through. You should be able to recall most of the key concepts, names, and dates. Repeat this review process as often as necessary to keep the information in your mind as you prepare for upcoming quizzes and tests. Studies have found that the most efficient way to study is in short bursts, typically in 1-3 hour increments. Give yourself several days, each with several sessions, to prepare. Research suggests that studying related but varied material in one sitting is more efficient and effective than studying just one subject material in a given session. You can also try to relate material you're learning to stuff you already know. You can even create connections between new material and pop culture. You're more likely to remember new material if it's linked to things you're already familiar with.
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One-sentence summary --
Skim each chapter before reading. Read the chapter closely and take notes. Be an active reader. Restate key concepts in your own words. Review everything you've read as soon as you finish the chapter. Don't try to do it all at once. Change up your subjects.