Article: Drink plenty of water and other clear fluids throughout the day. This can help you produce enough urine to flush out the crystals that can build up in your kidneys and form stones. For most people, drinking 3 litres (13  c) to 4 litres (17  c) every day is enough. If you’re not sure whether you’re drinking enough water, talk to your doctor. They can do tests to find out if you are producing a healthy amount of urine. Foods with oxalate in them can contribute to the formation of certain kinds of kidney stones, such as calcium oxalate stones. Try to avoid common foods containing oxalate, such as:  Rhubarb Beets Spinach Swiss chard Sweet potatoes Chocolate Tea Black pepper Soy Nuts If you have a history of kidney stones, sticking to a diet that is low in sodium and meat can help. Both salt and animal products can cause substances to accumulate in your urine that may trigger the formation of stones.  Try to eat no more than 2,300 mg of sodium per day. Depending on your history, your doctor may recommend reducing your sodium intake even more, to around 1,500 mg per day. Limit your meat intake each day to a piece no larger than a deck of playing cards. Although too much calcium in your urine can lead to kidney stones, it’s still important to get calcium in your diet. To avoid getting too much calcium while still meeting your dietary requirements, opt for foods with calcium in them rather than using calcium supplements.  Foods with a high calcium content include many green vegetables (such as collard greens, broccoli, and kale), dairy products (like milk, yogurt, and cheese), and certain kinds of seafood (such as canned fish with bones).  Your body absorbs calcium more easily if you take it with vitamin D. Look for foods and drinks fortified with both calcium and vitamin D (such as some juices and dairy products).  If you’re not sure how much dietary calcium you should be getting, ask your doctor. They can recommend a good amount based on factors like your age, sex, and overall health. These supplements can help reduce the buildup of substances in your urine that cause kidney stones. Ask your doctor if they recommend magnesium and potassium citrate supplements for you. Talk to your doctor about the best dosage of these supplements. Urologists usually recommend a total of 1,600 mg of potassium citrate and 500 mg of magnesium citrate per day. Some supplements can contribute to kidney stones. For example, high doses of vitamin C and vitamin D can lead to kidney stones. Show your doctor any supplements you are or plan on taking to make sure they won't cause a recurrence of kidney stones. If your doctor approves a supplement, ask them for the correct amount you should be taking. A supplement may be healthy in small amounts but harmful in large doses. The best way to do this is to eat plenty of colorful fruits and vegetables. Antioxidants can reduce your risk of developing kidney stones by reducing the amount of calcium oxalate in your urine.  Good sources of antioxidants include berries, apples, citrus fruits, artichokes, kale, bell peppers, and fruit juices (such as pomegranate juice).  Take care to avoid antioxidant sources that are also oxalate-rich, such as sweet potatoes and nuts. You can find a list of more antioxidant-rich foods here: https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/antioxidants Sleeping in the same position all the time may contribute to the formation of kidney stones, especially if you sleep on your side. Stones tend to form on the side where you usually sleep. If you have a tendency to get kidney stones on one side of your body, try sleeping on the other side for a while. If you currently have a kidney stone and you are waiting for it to pass, sleeping on the side with the stone in it may actually help. Once the stone is out, switch to sleeping on your other side. Maintaining a healthy weight can help prevent the formation of kidney stones. If you struggle with your weight, talk to your doctor or a dietitian about the best approach for losing weight and keeping it off. Kidney stones are linked to insulin resistance. If you are overweight, losing weight can help your body metabolize insulin more effectively. Depending on the type of kidney stones you tend to get, your doctor may be able to prescribe something to prevent new stones from forming. Some of the common preventative medications include:  Medications containing thiazide or phosphate to prevent the formation of calcium stones. Allopurinol to prevent uric acid stones. Antibiotics to prevent struvite stones.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Stay hydrated. Cut back on oxalate-rich foods. Avoid salt and animal protein. Eat foods rich in calcium. Take magnesium-potassium citrate supplements. Ask your doctor before taking any supplements. Incorporate antioxidants into your diet. Change your usual sleeping position. Practice healthy weight-management techniques. Talk to your doctor about medications to prevent kidney stones.
Article: To get accurate measurements, smooth out the jeans flat on the surface. Wrinkles can throw your measurements off. Button and zip up your jeans before beginning. The waist measurement is one of the most common measurements you'll see in a store. Use a tape measure to go across the top of the jeans. Make sure the waist isn't drooping or sagging at all.  If your waistband is made from elastic material, don't stretch it as you measure or you will inflate the waist measurement. Make a note of whether the jeans are labeled as "high-wasted" or "low rise." If the jeans are intended to sit somewhere besides your natural waistline, you need to know that before buying a new pair. The inseam is from the crotch seam down to the hem of the jeans; do not measure from the waist. It's often used by stores to help you find your size, especially in men's sizes. It's what's typically used to measure length for pants. Take the measurement down. Make sure the jeans are completely flat when taking this measurement. It's not as common to see this measurement as it is to see waist or inseam measurements, but you may need it sometimes. Some pant sizes may offer a "front rise" and "back rise" measurement. The front rise is from the crotch to the waistband in front, and the back rise is from the crotch to the waistband in back. Measure horizontally across the leg. Double this number to get your thigh measurement. This measurement also isn't as common. For women's jeans, the waist size will be the most important, though the inseam can determine whether you have tall, regular, or a petite pair of jeans. Compare the measurements to a size chart to find the right size. Men's jeans include both the waist measurement and the length.  Try this chart to look at sizes from different brands: http://sev.h-cdn.co/assets/cm/15/08/54e782633993b_-_size-chart.pdf. Most shopping websites have size charts for their products, so if you're looking for a particular brand, use their size chart. Keep in mind that with men's jeans, you may need to go up a few inches or centimeters in size, as clothing manufacturers have made sizes smaller, a problem known as vanity sizing.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Lay a pair of jeans flat on a workspace. Measure the waistband and double the number to get the waist measurement. Check the inseam by measuring the length. Take the measurement from the crotch to the waist to get the rise. Measure the thighs 2 inches (5.1 cm) below the crotch seam to get the thigh thickness. Choose an appropriate jean size by comparing your measurements to a chart.