Summarize the following:
It’s always easier to listen to someone when they listen to you. No matter what you think about why the child is behaving a certain way, listen to them. You’ll likely learn about how they’re feeling and how to change this behavior in the future.  Ask the child questions to help them articulate their feelings. You can say things like, “Did you think that was unfair?” or, “What did you want to do instead?” Avoid getting into an argument with the child. Even if you disagree with them or think their feelings are irrational, remember that they’re a child. Let them express themselves before you explain your reasoning or justify your stance. Children will feel heard if you can say to them what you’ve heard about how they feel. Children might not know why they feel certain things, but if you can articulate something, their feelings may be validated and they’ll trust that you care about them..  If a child says something like, “I wanted to play with the dinosaur but you took it away before I was done!” you can translate that into feelings and say something like, “It sounds like you felt like it was unfair that you couldn’t play with the dinosaur for as long as you wanted. It sounds like you’re really upset about that.” If the child is upset and says hurtful things like, “I hate you”, or “Go away,” you can say something calm like, “It sounds like you’re really mad at me right now. When you calm down a little, I’d like to know more about why you’re so mad.” Children might not be able to understand (or agree with) all of your reasoning. However, when you explain things to them, it shows that you are interested in engaging with them, rather than simply making rules without their understanding.  It’s okay if a child doesn’t agree with, or understand your reasoning. For example, if you say, “I need the livingroom to be clean,” and the child doesn’t see why, you can simply say, “Because it’s important to me. I like to have a clean house.” That is explanation enough. Avoid going into extended lectures. If a child asks what it means that sugar is unhealthy, you can offer some age-appropriate explanation, such as, “Sugar doesn’t actually contain the kinds of vitamins and minerals that give us energy. And it can actually make you sleepy after you eat a lot of it.” Do this without assigning blame or expressing judgement. Simply state, in a calm tone, what you’re observing. You can also reference a request you made previously. Keep it simple. Instead of saying, “You left your clothes on the floor. I told you not to do that,” say, “I see clothes on the floor. Clothes need to go in the hamper.” When children feel that they’re always being told, “no,” they’re likely to become less agreeable. If there are times when you could negotiate instead of saying, “no,” try to find them.  Be creative and talk it out. For example, if you’ve told the child they can’t play ball in the house, but they’re upset about that, find out what they really want. Is it that they just want to play ball? Or do they want to play in the house? Once you know, you can say something like, “Okay, when I’m done with work, we can go outside and play ball together,” or, “If you want to play in the house, I can play an indoor game with you when I’m done with work.” Some things might be okay at another time. For example, you can say, “You can’t play video games today, because it’s a school day. But on Saturday, you can use the computer for video games.”

summary: Listen to what they have to say. Articulate their feelings back to them. Explain why you’ve made a rule or request. Describe the problem. Find ways to say yes when possible.


Summarize the following:
Spicy foods can make heartburn worse, and may also increase reflux symptoms generally. Heavily seasoned and spicy foods encourage your stomach to produce more acid. In general, start by eliminating all condiments and seasonings except black pepper. If there are particular condiments or seasonings you like, add them back 1 at a time and monitor your reflux symptoms. Full-fat dairy products, including milkshakes and regular ice cream, can exacerbate reflux symptoms. Stick to skim milk or try alternative non-dairy products (like soy milk), and look for nonfat or low-fat yogurts and cheeses. Experiment with eliminating different dairy products from your diet to find out which ones give you reflux. For example, you may find that ice cream causes problems for you. If so, you might try switching to low-fat frozen yogurt. Reflux occurs when stomach acid acts in combination with the stomach enzyme pepsin. When you have LPR, it's actually pepsin that gets into your throat and airways. When you eat and drink acidic foods and beverages, it creates an acidic environment in your throat for pepsin to flourish and cause irritation.  Most fruits are highly acidic, but especially citrus fruits such as lemons, limes, and grapefruits. Colas and other carbonated drinks are even more acidic than citrus fruits. If you must drink carbonated beverages, stick to sugar-free, low-carbonation drinks like Fresca. Try to avoid foods with a pH of 5 or lower. When in doubt, do an online search to find out about the pH of foods and drinks you are interested in. You might consult a chart like this one: https://www.clemson.edu/extension/food/food2market/documents/ph_of_common_foods.pdf. People who have weight issues are at much greater risk for developing reflux conditions, including LPR. If you are struggling with excess weight, talk to your doctor or a registered dietitian about healthy ways to lose weight.  Generally, eating smaller portions puts less pressure on your esophageal sphincters, allowing them to keep your stomach acid down. High-fat and fried foods also may exacerbate your reflux symptoms. Frozen or restaurant foods often are prepared in oils that may promote reflux as well. Smaller meals put less pressure on your esophageal sphincters as you digest, making it less likely that you will experience reflux symptoms. Treat your LPR by having 4 or 5 small meals a day, rather than 3 larger ones.  In addition to eating smaller portions of food, try to eat more slowly. Make sure you thoroughly chew your food before swallowing, and drink water between mouthfuls. Allow your food to settle before you engage in any strenuous activities. Staying well-hydrated can help prevent reflux, and will also keep your throat clear. Aim to drink at least 8 glasses of water a day – more if you're engaging in exercise or other intense physical activity. Don't consider other drinks a substitute for water, even if they contain water. For example, although coffee is mostly water, coffee is a diuretic and can trigger reflux.
summary: Choose bland rather than spicy foods. Consume skim or low-fat dairy products. Avoid highly acidic foods and beverages. Reduce your daily caloric intake. Eat smaller meals throughout the day. Drink plenty of water.