Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Gather bristle materials. Select a handle. Choose an adhesive and binding materials.

Answer: Decide what you you want to make your brush out of and gather the necessary materials. You can use any material that will hold paint for a brush tip. Below are some suggestions for possible materials..  You can use hair, such as horsehair from a horse's mane or tail, human hair, or other animal hair, available at sporting good stores for fly-tying. Plant materials such as tree needles, grasses, or straw also work well. Larger fibrous plants like yucca or cattail stems can also be shredded to create bristles. You can also use household items such as pieces of foam, cardboard, cotton clumps, shredded strips of cloth, broom bristles etc.  Craft materials like yarn, pom poms, or crepe paper can also work as bristles. There are likewise many materials from which you can make your brush handle.Try sticks from the yard, bamboo, tongue depressors, or a yardstick.  For a more professional and finished look, you can use doweling. If you are using string, yarn, or some other material with long fibers for your bristles, you can pull your bristles through a wide plastic straw. If you are using small items like pom poms or cosmetic wedges for the head of your brush, or if you aren't concerned about your brush being precise or lasting a long time, a quick shortcut is to just clip your brush material into clothes pins, and use the clothes pin as a handle. This is a great approach for young children. To make sure your brush holds together, you'll need to select an adhesive material (i.e. some kind of glue) and a binding material to wrap around bristles.  For a durable, long lasting brush, use a strong, waterproof glue. For binding the bristles to the handle, there are many different materials you can use, including string, twine, elastic, rubber bands, or wire.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Set up a double boiler Put a clean thermometer in the top pan. Prepare an ice bath.

Answer: . Fill a large pan with about 3 to 4 inches (7.5 to 10 cm) of water. Place a slightly smaller pan in the water, ideally without the bases touching. This setup lowers the risk of scorching and burnt flavors. You'll want to track the temperature constantly, so a floating dairy thermometer or a clip-on candy thermometer works best. Wash the thermometer in hot, soapy water first, then rinse. Ideally, sanitize the thermometer by rubbing it with a single-use alcohol swab, then rinsing again. If your thermometer doesn't clip to the pan or float, you'll have to insert it by hand frequently during pasteurization. Work near a sink so you can clean and sanitize the thermometer again after every measurement. The faster you cool your milk after pasteurization, the safer and tastier it will be. Fill a sink or large tub with cold water and ice so you'll be ready to go.  An old-fashioned ice cream machine is especially effective. Pack the outer compartment in ice and rock salt as you would normally.  Read the full instructions below before you set this up. After reading, you might decide to use the longer pasteurization process, in which case you'll want to keep the ice in the freezer for another half hour.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Examine the cones for ripeness in late summer. Store the hops in zip close baggies in your fridge.

Answer: In the late summer, when it's time to harvest the hops, examine the cones on the bines to see if they are mature. Hop cones are ripe when they're dry, papery, aromatic, springy, and filled with yellow lupulin powder. Test one by cracking it open to see if it is ripe.  Hop cones that are heavy and green aren't ready yet. Be patient; your hops might not ripen until early fall. First year plants may not yield a lot; they hit their peak during the second year.  Harvesting times may vary by regional climate. Until you're ready to use them, hops should be stored in airtight food storage bags in the refrigerator. If you won't be using them for awhile, you can freeze them. Properly stored hops will stay fresh for about a year.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Use steam. Bake the needle. Use fire. Boil the needle in water. Use chemicals.

Answer:
Steam is one of the most widely used and effective methods for sterilizing needles. No living thing can survive direct exposure to saturated steam at 250 degrees Fahrenheit (120 degrees Celsius) for longer than 15 minutes.  Use a steaming pot to do this. Put water in the bottom pot. When it starts to boil, place the needle in the pot with the holes over the boiling pot, then cover it with a lid. Let it steam for at least 20 minutes.  An autoclave is a tool specifically made for sterilizing needles and other tools by steam. If you need to sterilize needles often and precisely, you may want to invest in one. Wrap the needle in multiple layers of clean cloth. Bake the needle for 1 hour at 340 degrees Fahrenheit.  This is one way to completely sterilize the needle by killing all the microorganisms. Make sure you leave it in the oven long enough. This method can be used to sterilize needles used for acupuncture, medical use, and piercings and tattoos.  Dry heat can cause the needle to become brittle. Use a gas-fueled fire because they leave less residue behind. Place the needle tip in the flame until it glows red.  Sterilizing a needle in a flame is good for home use, but doesn't get completely sterile because the needle can pick up contaminants in the air afterwards.  If there are any soot or carbon deposits on the needle, wipe it with a sterile gauze pad.  This method is effective for removing a splinter, but is not the most sterile. Therefore, it is not recommended for piercing, tattooing, or medical uses. One way to sterilize a needle is to drop it in boiling water. After you wash and rinse your tools, cover them with water and boil for 20 minutes. Start counting the 20 minutes after the water has reached a boil. You can sterilize a needle by using chemicals. Soak in the mixture for at least 20 minutes, unless it's drinking alcohol. If you use drinking alcohol, soak it in that solution for an entire day. You can rinse the needle in the following chemicals:  Bleach. If it's 5% available chlorine, you can use it undiluted. If it is 10%, use 1 part bleach to 1 part water; for 15%, use 1 part bleach to 2 parts water.  If you don’t have bleach, use one of the following chemicals: ethanol (medical alcohol) 70%, isopropyl alcohol 70%, or hydrogen peroxide 6%.