Summarize the following:
This recipe has two main parts – creating the pizza dough crust and preparing the toppings. You can substitute purchased pizza dough for the homemade dough if you want to save some time.  If you use purchased dough, the recipe will take about 40 minutes to complete. If you make the homemade dough, it will take an additional hour and 15 minutes. The ingredients will make 1 pound (450 grams) of pizza dough for the Chocolate Pizza. Put these two ingredients in a small bowl and blend them together. The water needs to be at a temperature between 105°F to 110°F (40.5°C to 43°C). Depending on how hot your tap gets, you may be able to use water straight from it. Run the tap until it gets warm and fill a measuring cup. Use a kitchen thermometer to test the temperature before adding the yeast.  If the water is not warm enough, put it in the microwave for a few seconds or heat it up slightly on your stove. If it’s too warm, let it sit for a minute or so and then use the thermometer to check the temperature again. After you’ve combined the yeast and water, allow the mixture to stand for about 5 minutes while the yeast dissolves. While the yeast is dissolving, blend 2 cups (240 grams) of flour and 1 teaspoon (5 grams)  of salt in a food processor. A food processor isn’t required, but the results are usually more consistent and it’s much easier to work with. If you don’t have a food processor, you will need to stir the ingredients vigorously at every stage. Once the flour and salt are mixed, blend 3 tablespoons (45 milliliters) of olive oil in. After the oil is well-mixed, keep the food processor running and add in the yeast mixture (make sure the yeast is dissolved first). Continue blending until the ingredients are mixed together and a ball of dough forms. Carefully remove the dough from the machine. Sprinkle a flat workspace with flour and place the dough on it. Knead the dough until the texture is smooth, which should take about 1 minute. To knead, push the dough down and then stretch it out with the heels of your hands. Then fold over the top half of the dough and press down into it. Push out again with the heels of your hands.  Repeat these same gestures to knead the dough. Continue the kneading process for 1 minute. Turn the bowl so that the sides are coated. Place your dough ball into the oiled bowl. Turn the dough over several times so that it’s coated in the oil. Cover the bowl (plastic wrap will work fine) and place it in a warm area, away from any drafts. Let the dough set until it doubles in size, which will take about an hour. Once it has doubled, punch down into the dough one time and then form it back into a ball shape.  The pizza dough is now ready to use. You can use it right away or store it in your refrigerator for up to 24 hours in an airtight container. Sprinkle a flat work surface lightly with flour and use a rolling pin to flatten the dough into a round shape that is about 9 inches in diameter. If the dough sticks to your rolling pin, rub a little flour all over the pin and then roll the dough out again. Preheat your oven to 450°F (232°C) and place the oven rack on the bottom of the oven. Use parchment paper to line a large baking sheet. Once you’ve rolled the dough into a 9-inch round, carefully place it on the parchment paper. Make small indentions all over the dough – you can use your fingers for this. Warm up about a tablespoon of butter and brush it evenly onto the surface of the dough.  Put it into the preheated oven and bake it for about 20 minutes. The crust is ready to be taken out when it looks golden brown and lightly crisp. Use about ¼ cup (60 grams) of the spread and apply it to the crust immediately upon removing it from the oven. Sprinkle the 3 different kinds of chocolate chips all over the top. Place the pizza back into the oven for about 1 minute, or until you see the chocolate starting to melt.  Feel free to add peanut butter chips, shredded sweetened coconut, chopped nuts or any other toppings of your choice.  Remove the pizza from the oven carefully and then sprinkle the toasted hazelnuts on top. Cut it into wedges using a pizza cutter and serve the dessert immediately.

summary: Gather the ingredients for both parts of the recipe. Combine the warm water with the active dry yeast. Mix the flour and salt together in a food processor. Add the oil and then the yeast mixture. Knead the dough ball on a lightly floured surface. Pour several tablespoons of oil into a large bowl. Use a rolling pin to flatten the dough to a 9-inch-diameter round. Bake the crust for 20 minutes. Spread the chocolate-hazelnut spread onto the warm dough.


Summarize the following:
The pH equation is as follows: pH = -log10[H3O+]. Ensure you know what all terms in the equation represent. Look at which term is used for concentration. In chemistry, square brackets usually indicate "concentration of". So the equation of pH would be read as "pH equals the negative logarithm of the concentration of hydronium ions". Read over your chemistry question. Identify the concentration of the acid or base. Write down the entire equation on paper with the known values represented in the equation. Always include units to avoid confusion. For example, if the concentration is 1.05 x 10-5 M, write the pH equation as: pH = -log10(1.05 x 10-5 M) When solving the pH equation, you must use a scientific calculator. First, hit the “negative” button. It is usually written as “+/-”. Now key in the “log” button. Your screen should display “-log”. Now hit an open bracket and enter in your concentration. Don’t forget to add exponents when necessary. Follow with a closed bracket. At this point, you should see “-log(1.05x10^-5). Hit solve. Your pH should be approximately 4.98.

summary: Remember the pH equation. Identify the actual concentration. Solve the equation.


Summarize the following:
Some fresh air can help to keep you awake and alert. If you tend to stay inside much of the day, take a few breaks and head outside. Getting some sunlight (especially in the morning) can help regulate your waking and sleeping cycles so that you’re fully awake during the day and can sleep well at night.  Take a walk during your lunch break or ask to meet with people outside. For example, if you have a dog, go for a walk each morning so you can maximize your sun exposure. Engaging in social activities can help to keep you alert and involved. Find a friend to talk to. This might also be a good time to make any necessary phone calls.  Avoid using instant messaging to communicate; it’s best to speak in-person or over the phone to stay awake. Talk to another student or co-worker throughout your day. Schedule regular meetings so that you can be continuously engaged. Avoid reaching for the sugary snacks and grab something that will give you long-lasting energy. For example, try eating a handful of nuts or a bowl of fresh fruit. Spread some nut butter on a whole grain cracker or eat a yogurt. When you get a craving for a snack, get in the habit of fueling yourself for long-term energy to help avoid any lows that might make you drowsy or tired. If you’re struggling to stay awake, get up and take a 10-minute walk. Moving around can increase blood flow and provide oxygen throughout your body. Simple movement can help increase energy for up to 2 hours.  If you can’t take a walk, do some stretches or movements to wake up your body. Try some jumping jacks or burpees. If possible, use the gym or attend a yoga class in the morning or during lunchtime. Adding a supplement to your day can help to increase energy and keep you awake. For example, B vitamins are known to help increase energy, especially if your diet is low in B vitamins. However, beware of supplements that promise energy without any research or support.  Speak to your physician before starting any new supplements or medications. Be cautious of using stimulants like caffeine as they can increase feelings of anxiety.  Caffeine may also affect the quality of your sleep.
summary: Get outside to regulate your circadian rhythm. Talk to someone as a way to stay engaged. Grab a healthy snack when you’re hungry and sleepy. Move your body to increase your blood flow for energy. Use a supplement for energy.