With this method, we'll use a sheet of paper to give our textbook a quick, easy, and affordable cover. To start, lay your paper on a flat surface, then open the book and lay it cover-down on the paper. The paper should extend beyond the book's edges. If it doesn't, your paper isn't big enough.  There are a wide variety of papers that are suitable for your cover. In general, thicker papers (such as construction paper) will provide the most protection, though decorative papers (such as wrapping paper) can be more visually appealing. (Later in the article there will be a discussion on how to decorate and strengthen paper covers.) You can also use materials that are paper-like, such as wallpaper, Tyvek (often used for packaging), and duct tape (see below in the article). Using a ruler, cut the paper so that it extends one to two inches or so to past long edges and about two to three inches past the short edges. This gives the cover enough material to stay seated around the book, but not so much that it will be awkward to work with. The "spine" is the hard part of the book in the middle of the cover where all the pages meet. Make two wedge- or triangle-shaped cuts in the middle of the long edges of your paper sheet that stretch to the edge of the book. These cuts should line up with both ends of the book's spine. If you don't do this, you will run into problems in the next step when you fold the extra paper material over the edges of the cover. It is physically impossible to fold the paper over the pages themselves, so your paper cover will scrunch and eventually tear as you open and close the book. Pick either the front or back cover of your book to start making your cover. First, fold the longer edges of your paper over the book's cover so that they sit against it reasonably tight. Then, fold the four corners of the paper in so that they're aligned with the edges of the folds you just made. Finally, fold the shorter edge of your paper in to complete the cover. Use pieces of tape to hold your work together as you go and to secure the cover once you are done folding. When you have finished taping one side of your new cover, close the book to hold it in place, open the opposite cover, and repeat the folding procedure exactly as above. Tape each fold as you go.  Congratulations! Your book cover is now complete. Anything you do to your cover after this point is completely optional.  One thing you may want to experiment with is laying a strip of tape along the spine while the book is closed. Generally, the spine is the part of the cover that receives the most wear, so protecting this with tape can prevent it from wearing out prematurely. Taping the corners likewise helps eliminate a common wear point. It also has the advantage of making the cover stay on more securely to the book.   Sturdy tapes like packing tape or duct tape are best, though layered scotch or masking tape can work surprisingly well.    {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Cover-a-Textbook-Step-6.jpg\/v4-460px-Cover-a-Textbook-Step-6.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/7\/75\/Cover-a-Textbook-Step-6.jpg\/aid279893-v4-728px-Cover-a-Textbook-Step-6.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":"728","bigHeight":"546","licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"} Label your textbook on both the front and on the spine.  Make each book cover distinctive in some way, such as different colors, decorations, or however works for you. When you are in a hurry, it is easy to confuse one textbook with another in your locker, backpack, or at home.  Include a way of reaching you if the book is lost, such as your school, a phone number or e-mail. If you leave your textbook somewhere, it is more likely to get to you or the school if the do-gooder who finds it can know how to get it to you. Just be sure not to include any sensitive identifying information like an address or a student ID number.

Summary: Get enough paper to cover your book in a single sheet. Trim the paper so that it's slightly bigger than the book. Cut wedge-shaped slits next to the spine. Fold in the edges. Close the book and repeat for the other cover. Label Your Textbook.


Observe the wasps over a period of time to see if where they go into the ground. If the nest has too many entrances and exits, you may need to call an exterminator to remove it. Use any generic hand soap or dishwashing soap mixed with water. This process will kill bees currently inside the nest. Push the bowl a couple inches into the ground. Make sure that it is completely sealed. Remove the bowl carefully. The wasps should have either died from the soapy water or moved to another location because of lack of food.

Summary: Identify all entrances and exits to an underground nest. Pour soapy water into the entrance of the nest. Put a large glass bowl over the entrance to the nest immediately afterward. Wait a few weeks.


Tilt your head back and use your eyeshadow brush to draw a slightly curved arch just above your natural eyelid crease. The curve should be less steep than your natural curve in order to open up your eyes and make them look bigger.  Matte, natural-looking shades will generally work best for this layer, although once you’ve got the hang of it you may want to experiment with bolder colors. A fluffy eyeshadow brush is ideal for applying this outline. Choose a color that is similar to your first layer, but darker. For instance, if you used a champagne-colored shadow for the first layer, try a dark brown. If you want a more dramatic look, go for black.  This should be a thinner line than the first layer of eyeshadow, accenting only the deepest part of your crease. Use an angled eyeshadow brush. If you have hooded eyes, you may want to trace slightly above your creases with the darker eyeshadow so that the outline isn’t lost in the fold of your eyelid. Use a fluffy eyeshadow brush to gently blend the darkest part of your crease up into the first layer of eyeshadow. Use soft strokes and make sure the darker color is blending evenly.

Summary: Apply a medium-toned eyeshadow to your eyelid creases. Trace your eyelid creases again with a darker eyeshadow. Blend the darker eyeshadow up towards your eyebrows.


Now is the time to try about the completely different approach, making the gears look like old schematics, old writing on old paper, where we will work on the strokes.  This will get you something like this, with overlapping contours, we will have to get rid of.     But it has a large number of nodes, it will take quite a while to edit them manually for the desired rough look, so, here is an automatic simplify operation (shown at an increased zoom level).  A multi-stop gradient is needed for ink also (not shown), and it has to have fitting colors but good contrast with the paper (like browns for old paper and light blue for blueprints). Apply the gradients. draw a random blob with the freehand tool, will it in a color similar with the background (but slightly darker or lighter), unset the stroke, simplify if needed and blur a lot:  Select all the gears, duplicate, make the duplicate darker (black), apply some blur and decrease the opacity:
Summary: Give the gears an aged look. Go back to the black and white drawing. 'Set the stroke color and unset the fill color. So select the gear (gears if we have more) suffering due to this unwanted overlap and convert the stroke to path. Then go to another gear which covers it, duplicate, select the duplicate and the former stroke and do a difference operation. Repeat with all the gears covering it until we get to something like this. Then convert all the remaining strokes to paths. Now make the drawing look rough. Repeat for all your gears. Now define a multi-stop gradient for the paper - light brown/yellow for old paper or dark blues if we want to go with a blueprint (I have not decided yet about the way to go). Then add some texture to the paper: Add some more until you are happy with the texture. Soften the focus.