Article: Make a mark where the center of the bend needs to be, then mark an extra six to eight inches on either side of this center mark. This will be your "heat zone," where you need to direct the heat.  Keep any planned bends at least three to five inches away from any joints. You may need to block the end of the pipe with tape to prevent the sand from falling out. The sand inside will make this take longer, but it also ensures that the pipe holds its form and doesn't cave or warp. Turn the pipe regularly, applying heat to the inner and outer bend throughout your entire marked heat zone. Keep the heat source at least two to three inches away from the pipe to prevent burning the PVC. Keep applying heat and bending until you get your desired shape. If you want a perfect bend, use a metal can or object to provide a "mold" for you bend. Do not try and keep bending the pipe after the sand is removed. This can cause cracks and warping. You can save the sand to use again.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Fill the pipe with enough sand to cover two to three inches above the planned bend. Apply the heat evenly around your planned bend. Slowly bend the pipe, applying more heat as necessary. Remove the sand and let the pipe cool.
Article: Carefully separate the rhizomes using a sharp knife, keeping the roots and stems attached. Place the rhizomes in a moist potting soil mixture and water as needed. Keep the humidity up and temperature between 60–75 °F (16–24 °C). Keep the soil moist and out of direct sunlight. Remove a leaf with dark spores and place it in a paper bag. When the leaf dries, the spores will fall off. Water them, cover them with plastic, and keep them at a temperature between 60–70 °F (16–21 °C).  Planting spores is a more difficult process than propagating from divisions. When the leaves are about 1 inch (2.5 cm) high, remove the plastic and transplant them to small containers. Keep young ferns in a humid environment since they easily dry out. Rabbit foot fern rhizomes hold a lot of water, so do not overwater the newly planted fern or it will rot. Take similar care when watering your spores.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Divide the rhizomes to create more plants. Examine the underside of the leaves for spores. Plant the spores in a peat-based mixture. Water the new plants with care.
Article: Cats with failing kidneys tend to develop inflamed stomach linings, which causes heartburn and, in some cases, gastric ulcers. To provide some relief and encourage your cat’s appetite, your veterinarian may recommend antacids. The typical prescription is omeprazole, a proton pump inhibitor that is extremely effective at reducing gastric acid secretion. Smaller cats usually get 1 mg/kg by mouth once a day; larger cats usually take half a 10 mg tablet once a day. If you do not have a prescription for omeprazole, you can also try famotidine, which is sold over the counter as Pepcid. Pepcid blocks histamine-induced gastric acid production. Unfortunately, dosing can be difficult. Larger cats typically need a quarter of a 20 mg tablet, but smaller cats usually need an eighth of a tablet, which can be impractical. B vitamins are important for digestive health and a good appetite. This group of vitamins is water soluble, so your cat’s increased thirst may wash them away too quickly into the urine. Your veterinarian may therefore recommend a course of injections – usually one injection a week for four weeks – to keep sufficient B vitamins in your cat’s blood. If your cat has no appetite – even if you’ve given antacids and made sure there’s no problem with dehydration – you may need to provide an appetite stimulant. Ask your veterinarian about a low dose of intravenous diazepam, which sometimes gets cats to eat. Another possibility is Periactin, an antihistamine that has appetite-stimulating side effects. The usual dose is 0/1-0.5 mg/kg twice per day. Larger cats may require half a tablet, twice a day. Another appetite stimulant is mirtazapine which may only need to be given every 2-3 days. When given in the early stages of kidney disease, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) can prolong the life of the kidney. These drugs change the blood flow through the kidney and lower the pressure gradient so that less damage is inflicted on the micro circulation within the kidney. A common prescription is a 2.5 mg tablet of Fortekor once daily. Talk to your veterinarian about the best option for your cat. Note that ACE inhibitors will not cure kidney disease; they will simply protect your cat’s kidney from some wear and tear. These drugs are not effective in advanced kidney disease.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Give your cat antacid medications. Supplement with B vitamins. Consider stimulating your cat’s appetite with medication. Medicate with ACE inhibitors.