Summarize the following:
You can use a wide variety of mulches in your garden. Straw, shredded leaves, and compost are great options. You can also use wood chips or peat moss. Many organic materials can be used for mulch. It's really up to you what you use. For instance, straw and shredded leaves might be good in areas where you're walking, while compost near plants will provide added nutrients. Mulch that is applied too thinly allows light to pass through, meaning weeds can grow. Mulch that is too thick can keep water and nutrients from getting to your plants. Therefore, you need to apply it in a nice, even layer that's not too thick and not too thin. It's easiest to bring a wheelbarrow of mulch over to the area. Use a pitchfork or shovel to transfer it to the ground, and then spread it out evenly. If you leave soil open, it's an invitation for weeds. Therefore, make sure you're covering all of the bare soil, as that's the only way to create an effective weed barrier. Leave space around the plants. Plants need 1 to 2 inches (2.5 to 5.1 cm) of space around the base for breathing room. Organic weed barriers break down over time. That adds nutrients to the soil, but it also means your layer of mulch is smaller, creating opportunities for weeds to flourish. As your mulch wears down and you start noticing more weeds, sprinkle on additional mulch to keep the weeds down.

summary: Choose 1 or more organic materials to use as mulch. Apply your mulch 2 to 3 inches (5.1 to 7.6 cm) thick. Cover all of the soil. Check on it throughout the year.


Summarize the following:
It is very important to have an idea about the amount of blood loss during an episode of bleeding. This will help your doctor to make a possible diagnosis as well as establish a management plan. Start monitoring the amount of blood you are losing as soon as you notice the bleeding.  You can do this by keeping a sanitary pad in your underwear until it is soaked. Count how many pads are soaked from 8 am one day to 8 am the next day. Keep a written record of this number, then bring it to your doctor for assessment. Also keep track of other characteristics of the bleeding, such as whether it is painful or painless, and intermittent or constant bleeding.  This information describing your bleeding will be helpful to your doctor in figuring out what is at cause in the matter. Take note of the color of your blood (pink versus red versus brown), as well as the presence or absence of blood clots or other "tissue masses" that may come out alongside the blood.  If you do have any tissue masses come out of your vagina alongside the blood, you may want to collect these in a container to show to your doctor, as this could be of assistance to her in diagnosing the cause of your problem. For minor bleeding in early pregnancy, rest is the ideal treatment. Physicians usually advocate complete bed rest for the first few days following the episode of bleeding. If the bleeding does not stop or diminish with rest, it is important to see your doctor for a more detailed assessment. Your physician will definitely advise you to avoid strenuous or heavy work such as weightlifting, climbing stairs frequently, running, cycling, etc. These activities cause jerking of the uterus and can rupture the delicate, newly-formed blood vessels in the placenta. Avoidance of these kind of activities is absolutely necessary, even if you only notice a tiny amount of bleeding. You should limit your physical activities and avoid heavy work for at least two weeks after the bleeding stops. Sometimes intercourse can induce or aggravate bleeding from the vagina. If you experience bleeding during pregnancy, you should avoid intercourse until your doctor tells you it's safe. Normally, you will have to wait at least two to four weeks after bleeding has stopped. Do not insert anything into the vagina following vaginal bleeding. Absolutely avoid using tampons or douching, as these may injure the cervix or vaginal wall causing further  bleeding. Douching may also introduce bacteria and other microorganisms into the vagina, leading to serious infection. It's very important that you drink adequate amounts of fluid during a bleeding episode. This is particularly true if you have experienced severe bleeding.  Drink at least eight cups of water daily to stay hydrated, and more. Bleeding correlates to fluid loss, so you will need to drink more than your normal to make up for the lost fluid. It is also important to stay well-hydrated for your baby's health and wellbeing. This can help to differentiate what may be going on in your particular case.  Bleeding is actually quite common in the first trimester (in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy) and occurs for about 20 – 30% of women.  Many of these cases of bleeding are benign, meaning they are not worrisome for the mother or the baby and may be due to the fetus implanting in the wall of the uterus or other physiologic changes of pregnancy.   There are, however, more worrisome possibilities associated with higher volumes of blood loss and/or pain in the first trimester as well. These include the possibility of "ectopic pregnancy" (the baby has implanted in the fallopian tubes rather than the uterus), "molar pregnancy" (a rare condition in which abnormal tissue grows inside your uterus rather than a fetus), or a miscarriage.  In 50% of cases of vaginal bleeding within the first 20 weeks of pregnancy, it indicates that a miscarriage is occurring.   Bleeding later in pregnancy (in the second or third trimester) is more likely to be worrisome. Causes include problems with the placenta, problems with the uterus (especially if you have had a previous C-section), premature labor (defined as the onset of labor before 37 weeks), or also of course labor itself (if you are near the time of your due date).   Additional causes of bleeding that may be unrelated to the pregnancy specifically include "trauma" (or injury to the vaginal wall) from sexual intercourse, cervical polyps (masses around the cervix that may bleed and that can be present in women irrespective of whether or not they are pregnant), cervical dysplasia (abnormal cells that can lead to cancer), and/or cervical cancer (one of the most prevalent forms of cancer for women who are not regularly screened with Pap tests). Pregnancy normally lasts for 40 weeks or 280 days. You can use this information to calculate your due date — just add nine calendar months and seven days from the first day of last menstrual period. For example, if your last period began 1st January, 2014, your due date is 8th October, 2014. Bleeding near your due date may indicate that your labor has begun. The typical range is from 10 days before to 10 days after the due date. You should immediately report to your doctor if your suspect that you might be in labor. Any bleeding during pregnancy should be discussed with your physician in a timely manner. If the bleeding is accompanied by any of the following symptoms, it is recommended to be seen by a doctor as soon as possible in the emergency room for quick assessment and treatment:  Severe pain or cramps Dizziness or fainting (signs of large blood loss) Tissue that comes out of your vagina alongside the blood (could be a sign of miscarriage) A fever and/or chills (could be a sign of infection) Severe bleeding that does not slow down or stop.
summary: Keep track of the bleeding. Get plenty of bed rest. Avoid heavy work. Put intercourse on hold for the time being. Do not use tampons or try to douche. Stay hydrated. Be aware of causes of vaginal bleeding in pregnancy. Calculate your due date and consider whether or not your bleeding could mean that your labor has started. Know when to seek help from a medical professional.