When you learned decimal counting, you learned about the "place values": the ones place, tens place, and so on. Since binary has two symbols, the place values multiply by two each time you move to the left:   1 is the ones place  10 is the twos place  100 is the fours place  1000 is the eights place Start with the ones place on the far right, and multiply that digit (0 or 1) by one. On a separate line, move to the twos place, and multiply that digit by two. Repeat this pattern until you've multiplied each digit by its place value. Here's an example:  What is the binary number 10011 in decimal? The rightmost digit is 1. This is in the ones place, so multiply by one: 1 x 1 = 1. The next digit is also 1. Multiply this by two: 1 x 2 = 2. The next digit is 0. Multiply this by four: 0 x 4 = 0. The next digit is also 0. Multiply this by eight: 0 x 8 = 0. The leftmost digit is 1. Multiply this by sixteen (eight times two): 1 x 16 = 16. Now you've converted each digit into its decimal value. To find the value of the full number, just add all the decimal values together. Here's the rest of your example:  1 + 2 + 16 = 19. The binary number 10011 is the same as the decimal number 19.
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One-sentence summary -- Write down the value of each binary place. Multiply each digit by its place value. Add all the products together.


Go shopping and stock up on soft, easy-to-chew foods before the surgery. Ideally, make them drinkable like yogurt and soups that don't have big chunks. Remember, your back teeth may hurt and you won't want to be chewing very much with your molars for the first few days and up to a week.  Buy food like soup, yogurt, ice cream, applesauce, jello, and mashed potatoes. Don’t buy anything that could leave residual food pieces in your mouth like cookies, nuts, rice, or pasta. Drink water and juice, but avoid drinks like soda and alcohol. Eat room temperature, very soft foods the first day after surgery. Try soup that's cooled down, yogurt, or puddings. Applesauce can be good too, just make sure there are no big chunks of apple.  Try boiling vegetables such as carrots, broccoli, potatoes, onion and peppers and then smash them all together. Add a little vegetable stock to create a soup. Allow it to cool before you eat it. You can expect to not be able to open your mouth very wide soon after the surgery, so big spoons can cause problems. Make sure to have spoons that are the right size for you. It’s important to maintain an exclusively soft diet for the first three days after surgery. Your mouth needs time to heal, so you need to help this process by avoiding foods that require chewing. After the first few days, you will likely be ready for foods that require a little chewing and don't have to be room temperature, like ice cream. An advantage to eating cold foods is that it can help numb your mouth, causing you to not feel any pain for a short while. The cool temperatures can also work to soothe your mouth after the surgery. When you’re ready to start chewing food again, start with really small bites. Work your way up to normal-sized bites. It can take a while to get back to eating normally, but it will improve soon enough. You don’t want to rush into eating regular foods again because it could cause your wounds to re-open, which can lead to pain and bleeding. Then you’ll have to start the healing process all over again. Most people start eating normally again after five to seven days post-surgery. After any kind of surgery, it is crucial to follow your doctor’s advice. But with oral surgery it is especially important because you can’t simply leave the wound untouched. You must eat food during the recovery period. Make sure that you listen to everything your doctor tells you and follow their instructions to the letter.
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One-sentence summary -- Plan ahead. Start with soft, room temperature foods. Keep eating soft foods for the first three days or so. Begin with small bites. Follow your oral surgeon’s instructions.


Your camera's manual will assist you in moving beyond the auto settings, and as you learn more about photography, you'll need to know where things are. As you learn, don't be afraid to play around with the settings. All it will cost you is time, and it will teach you what each setting does. Exposure affects how light or dark your picture is, and it is dependent on aperture, ISO speed, and shutter speed. Aperture is how much light your camera lets in, while shutter speed is how long the shutter is open, exposing light to your photograph.  To blur the background in photography, use a low f-stop for your aperture, while a high f-stop creates a crisp photo.  Use a short shutter speed to capture an image quickly, creating a sharp, still photo even when your subject's moving. However, if you want to show how your subject is moving, use a slower shutter speed. In the first situation, the shutter will open and shut quickly, while in the second, the shutter will open and close more slowly. With a long shutter speed, you must keep the camera as still as possible.  ISO speed tells your camera how much light to use for a photo. A lower ISO speed tells it to not detect as much light. Use a low speed when it's bright out so you don't overexpose the picture, and do the opposite when it's dark. However, too high an ISO speed will make your photo grainy, not sharp, so set it at the lowest setting for the light. Composition is how you arrange a picture and where you take the shot. Do you zoom in on someone's eyes, or pan out to the whole woods with the person small in the corner? It depends on what you're trying to do with the photo. Taking a picture of eyes creates intimacy, while a small person in a large, empty space can create a lonely, surreal feel.  One important rule of composition is the rule of thirds, where you mentally divide the image into thirds both horizontally and vertically. The best place to situate your subject is where the lines creating these divisions intersect. Essentially, you want the subject to be off center, both horizontally and vertically, because it creates a more interesting photograph.  Pay attention to visual lines, as it can pull the viewer in to different parts of the photograph. You don't want to pull a viewer away from the focus. You can find fairly cheap classes at your local art museum or community college. In a class, you'll receive feedback on your photograph and learn new skills. You'll learn skills from other photographers, and you can post your photographs for review.
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One-sentence summary --
Read your camera's manual. Play around with the settings. Pay attention to exposure. Learn composition. Take a photography class. Join a photography forum online.