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The best indication that a fig is fully ripe is when it falls to the ground. Rinse the figs with cool water to remove dirt and other debris, then pat them dry with a dishcloth or paper towel. Use a paring knife to cut the figs in half from stem to tip on a cutting board. Cutting the figs in half will help them dry more quickly. Put a layer of cheesecloth on top of any wooden or wire rack, such as those intended for cooling or dehydrating. In order to dry properly, the figs need airflow from above and below, so don't use a solid surface like a baking sheet. Place the figs cut-side up on the cheesecloth. Alternatively, you could put whole figs on wooden skewers and hang them in the sun, using clothespins to attach the skewers to branches or to a clothesline. This will protect them from insects as they dry. Tuck the cheesecloth tightly around the drying rack, securing it with tape if necessary, to make sure it won't come loose. If you hung up your figs instead, you won't be able to protect them with the cheesecloth. This method works best when it is very dry and hot outside. Don't place the figs in the shade, or they won't dry as quickly and may spoil before they're properly preserved. You'll need to bring them in each evening so they don't get spoiled by dew. Each morning, turn the figs over so they dry evenly on all sides and then place them back outside in the sunlight. The figs are ready when the outside feels leathery and no juice can be seen on the inside when squeezed. If the figs remain a little sticky, you can finish them in the oven. Tupperware or Ziploc bags are both options for storing your dried figs. They'll last several months in the fridge, or up to 3 years in the freezer.

summary: Rinse fully ripe figs. Cut the figs in half. Lay them on a wire or wooden rack covered with cheesecloth. Cover the figs with cheesecloth. Place the rack in full sunlight during the day. Return the figs to the sun for 2 to 3 days. Store the dried figs in airtight containers in the fridge or freezer.


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There are several main varieties of snowshoe, with designs and traction suited for different activities. Think about how you plan to use your snowshoe, and look for an appropriate design:   Recreational, trekking , or flat terrain snowshoes are designed for relatively flat terrain and prepared trails. They have some traction, but not much.  Hiking or rugged terrain snowshoes are a step up in durability and traction, good for occasional off-trail hikes but not lengthy or excessively steep off-trail expeditions.  Backcountry, climbing, or mountaineering snowshoes are good for camping trips and lengthy off-trail expeditions. Make sure the shoes have significant traction at both front and back if you plan on climbing steep slopes.  Racing, running, or aerobic snowshoes are for running over tightly packed snow trails, and are too light weight to use off trail. The more weight you carry, the longer and wider your snowshoe needs to be to support you. Weigh yourself while you are dressed in your winter outfit and carrying your typical pack of gear. If the snowshoes have a labeled weight limit, use them to narrow down your options. Otherwise, use these general rules of thumb for the most common snowshoe sizes:  Snowshoes sized 8 x 25 inches (20 x 64 cm) are usually suitable for weights between 120 and 180 pounds (54–82 kg). Snowshoes sized 9 x 30 inches (23 x 76 cm) can support weights between 160 and 220 pounds (73–100 kg). Snowshoes sized 10 x 36 inches (25 x 91 cm) are designed for weights above 200 pounds (91 kg). You may find two or three sizes of snowshoe that are appropriate for your weight. If you often travel through deep, powdery snow, go with a larger size for more support. If you prefer to stick to flattened trails or hard packed snow, select the smaller size for greater maneuverability. The binding that attaches the snowshoe to your boot should be a tight fit to keep you comfortable and steady during a hike. Besides the size of the shoe, there are two main factors that affect the binding:   Fixed bindings stay under your foot as you step, allowing for a comfortable stride and an easier time stepping over obstacles. Pivoted bindings fall away from your foot as you step, which keeps your legs relatively free of snow and may make climbing easier.  Snowshoes are usually labeled men's, women's, or youth, which may describe a different shape as well as a size. Try on snowshoes in multiple categories if you are having trouble finding a comfortable one. You won't usually get to choose the exact materials your snowshoe is built from, as the manufacturer selects materials it considers suitable for the snowshoe's intended purpose. However, if you're interested in deciphering product information, here are some tips to help you:  Most modern frames are lightweight aluminum; if "powder-coated", it will pick up less snow but may suffer from unattractive paint chipping. Wooden frames are more traditional, but also more likely to break. An especially lightweight snowshoe for on-trail use might not have any frame.  The "decking" material around the frame gives your snowshoe "flotation," or lift above the snow. This is typically a synthetic material, such as the flexible hypalon or the rigid composite plastic decking. Ask the manufacturer if you want to find out more about a specific material's characteristics.

summary: Choose a snowshoe suited for your activity. Weigh yourself while carrying gear. Select the correct size of snowshoe. Choose between snowshoe sizes based on the snow type. Find a snowshoe with a comfortable binding. Learn about snowshoe materials.


Summarize the following:
First write out the pH equation. Next, identify the values you have by writing them directly below your equation. For example, if you know the pH is a value of 10.1, write it on the paper below the pH equation. Rearranging the equation will require a strong understanding of algebra. To calculate concentration from pH, you must understand that the inverse of log10 is "10 to the power of ..." Start by shifting the minus sign over from the log side to the pH side. Then raise 10 to the power of (each side). "10 to the power of" and log10 are inverses of each other and cancels out. For example, pH = -log10[H3O+] will mold into [H3O+] = 10-pH.  pH can then be filled in as 10.1 When working with inverse log, the calculator process is unique. Remember that log is a type of multiplication by 10. To enter your equation, key in 10. Next, hit the “EXP” exponent button. Key in the negative sign followed by the value. Hit solve. For example, take a pH value of 10.1. Key in “10” followed by “EXP.” Now key in “-/+” to have our value be negative. Finally, key in the pH of “10.1”. Hit solve. You should get about 7.943ᴇ-11, or 7.943*10-11. This means our concentration is 7.943*10-11 M. A neutral pH of 7 equates to a hydronium ion concentration of 10-7 M. A solution with a pH of 10.1 is basic, so it will have less hydronium ions than that. If we look at our answer, 7.943*10-11, we do indeed see that this number is way smaller than 10-7, so our answer does make sense.
summary: Identify the known unknowns. Rearrange the equation. Solve the equation. Think about your answer.