Summarize the following:
If you don't want to go near the poison oak, it might be best to hire someone else to do it. A licensed professional will apply a high-powered pesticide such as Imazapyr to wipe out the poison oak. It's best to do this in spring or early fall. Choose an herbicide made with triclopyr. This chemical is most effective early in the growing season, and you can it from spring to mid-summer when plants are growing rapidly and flowering.  Don't spray on a windy day. The chemicals will kill nearby plants in addition to the poison oak, or they may blow back in your face. Don't spray trees. Spray when it's dry, not when it's rainy out. The herbicide will need at least 24 hours to work effectively. Use an herbicide made with glyphosate late in poison oak's life cycle. You can use glyphosate after the poison oak has flowered, but while its leaves are still green. Apply a 2 percent solution of glyphosate to the poison oak, spraying it directly on the poison oak plant's leaves. Glyphosate will damage or kill other nearby vegetation, so be careful where you spray it.  Don't spray on a windy day. The chemicals will kill nearby plants in addition to the poison oak, or they may blow back in your face. Don't spray trees. Spray when it's dry, not when it's rainy out. The herbicide will need at least 24 hours to work effectively. When the stems turn brown a few days later, use a shovel to dig out the dead roots. Don't mulch or burn the dead material; throw it away, since it could still cause a rash.

summary: Consider getting a professional involved. Use an early-season spray if treating poison oak in the spring. Use a late-season spray if treating poison oak in the fall. Wait for the roots to die, then dig out the plants.


Summarize the following:
Place the can of coconut milk in the refrigerator and allow it chill overnight.  Do not shake the can. Remove the can of coconut milk from the refrigerator and open it.  The coconut cream should be sitting firmly on top.  Use a spoon to scoop out the solid cream into your chilled mixing bowl. Leave the clear coconut liquid behind in the can.  You can save it to make a coconut-based soup or add it to a fruit smoothie. Add 2 tablespoons powdered sugar and 1 teaspoon vanilla extract to the coconut cream. Whip for about five minutes until stiff peaks form and serve immediately. This recipe is good not only for vegans but for people who are lactose-intolerant since it contains no dairy products.

summary: Refrigerate. Scoop out the cream. Add your ingredients. Whip.


Summarize the following:
Pruning evergreens for shape or size should be done seasonally, typically during the dormant period or just before the major growth period. However, if you see a branch that is broken, has no foliage, or appears diseased, you can and should remove it right away, no matter the season. Contact a local agricultural extension office, a tree nursery, or an arborist for information on evergreen diseases to look out for in your area. Before and after using your pruners to snip away at evergreen branches, you should wipe them down with a rag moistened with rubbing alcohol. This will remove dirt and sap, and also sanitize them so that you don’t inadvertently transfer any evergreen diseases.  To be extra safe, also wipe down your pruners when moving from one tree to the next. When you’re cutting branches that may be diseased, you should wipe down your pruners after every snip. In most cases, a good pair of loppers or hand pruners will be all you need to prune evergreens. However, you may also want to use a hand saw (for branches over 1 in (2.5 cm) thick), or handheld hedge clippers for shearing. If so, clean them with rubbing alcohol in the same manner as your pruners. Always sanitize tools before and after using them, whenever you switch trees/plants, or after you cut any part of a plant that may be diseased. At the point where a branch emerges from a trunk or thicker limb, you’ll see a slightly thicker ring known as the branch collar. Instead of cutting the branch completely flush to the trunk or limb, leave this small collar behind when pruning. Doing so will cause less damage to the trunk and make it less susceptible to diseases. If you’re pruning a branch that’s at least 1 in (2.5 cm) thick, trying to snip or cut it at the collar may cause tears in the bark and damage to the trunk or limb. Instead, make 3 cuts:  Snip or saw the bottom half of the branch, about 12 in (30 cm) out from the collar. Snip or saw the top half of the branch, about 1 in (2.5 cm) further out from the first cut. This will cause the branch to snap between the cuts and break off. Cut off the remaining 12 inches (30 cm) of branch at the collar. This will reduce the weight of the branch significantly, so the bark will be less likely to peel or tear. Most types of evergreen trees have a branch known as the leader that extends vertically upwards—this is the branch where you’d place the star on a Christmas tree, for instance. If the leader becomes broken or damaged, you can train a nearby branch to take its place:  If possible, trim the damaged leader to about 2 inches (5.1 cm) above its lowest side shoot (i.e, smaller branch that extends out from the leader). Locate a healthy branch near the leader, bend it upward, and tie it to the old leader and trunk with rope to keep it vertical. If necessary, create a splint with a scrap of wood and tie it in place. Remove the rope or splint after a year and see if the branch holds its vertical position as the new leader. If not, tie it up for another year. If you prune an evergreen late in the growing season, you might inadvertently spur new growth just as the typical dormant season begins. Especially in colder climates, this fragile new growth will not survive, and its death may cause more widespread damage to the evergreen tree.  Seasonal pruning only involves trimming for size or shape, though. You can remove dead, diseased, or damaged branches at any time. In most cases, spring—and often early spring—is the best time to prune evergreens. Late fall pruning is also usually OK, and there is often a period in midsummer when evergreens go semi-dormant—you can also do some pruning then.
summary: Cut away dead, diseased, or damaged branches promptly. Sanitize your pruners before and during trimmings. Sanitize any other tools you use in the same fashion. Leave the “branch collar” behind when you remove a branch. Remove thick branches by making 3 separate cuts. Train a new “leader” if the current one is damaged. Limit your pruning during the late summer and early fall.