This tab is in the top-left corner of the VLC window. Doing so invokes a drop-down menu. It's toward the bottom of the drop-down menu. A pop-up window will appear after you click this option. You'll find it at the top of the pop-up window. It's near the top of the window. This will ensure that the audio extraction process is tailored to a strictly audio CD format. This button is at the bottom of the pop-up window. It's to the right of the "Profile" heading that's near the top of the pop-up window. Doing so invokes a drop-down menu. This option will allow you to save the extracted audio from your CD as an MP3 file, which is a commonly used audio file.  While you can't play the extracted audio file with iTunes or Groove, saving it as an MP3 will allow you to burn it to a CD if you so choose. You can also click Video - H.264 + MP3 (MP4) to save the audio file in a VLC format, which will let you open the file in VLC by default as long as VLC is your default video player. It's near the bottom of the pop-up window. You'll be able to select a save location for your audio file from here. You can do so by clicking a folder in the left-hand pane. This will confirm your audio file's save location. It's at the bottom of the window. Doing so will begin the extraction process, which should only take a few seconds. When the disc begins playing in VLC, the extraction is complete. Once you see your audio file appear in the save location you specified earlier, it's ready to be played.

Summary: Click Media. Click Convert / Save. Click the Disc tab. Select the "Audio CD" circle. Click Convert / Save. Click the "Profile" box. Scroll down and click Audio - MP3. Click Browse. Select a save destination. Type in a file name, then click Save. Click Start.


Higher-level speed calculations can get confusing because mathematicians and scientists use different definitions for "speed" and "velocity". A velocity has two components: a magnitude and a direction. The magnitude is equal to the object's speed. A change in the direction will cause a change in the velocity, but not in the speed.  For example, let's say that there are two cars moving in opposite directions. Both cars' speedometers read 50 km/hr, so they both have the same speed. However, since they are moving apart from each other, we say that one car has a velocity of -50 km/hr and one has a velocity of 50 km/hr. Just as you can calculate instantaneous speed, you can also calculate instantaneous velocity. Objects can have velocities with a negative magnitude (if they are moving in a negative direction relative to something else). However, there's no such thing as a negative speed, so in these cases the absolute value of the magnitude gives the object's speed. For this reason, in the example problem above, both cars have a speed of 50 km/hr. If you have a function s(t) that gives you the position of an object with regards to time, the derivative of s(t) will give you its velocity with regards to time. Just plug a time value into this equation for the variable t (or whatever the time value is) to get the velocity at this given time. From here, finding the speed is easy.  For example, let's say that an object's position in meters is given with the equation 3t2 + t - 4 where t = time in seconds. We want to know what the speed of the object is at t = 4 seconds. In this case, we can solve like this:  3t2 + t - 4 s'(t) = 2 × 3t + 1 s'(t) = 6t + 1   Now, we plug in t = 4: s'(t) = 6(4) + 1 = 24 + 1 = 25 meters/second. This is technically a velocity measurement, but since it's positive and direction is not mentioned in the problem, we can essentially use it for speed. Acceleration is a way of measuring the change in an object's velocity over time. This topic is a little too complex to explain fully in this article. However, it's useful to note that when you have a function a(t) that gives acceleration with regards to time, the integral of a(t) will give you velocity with regards to time. Note that it's helpful to know the object's initial velocity so that you can define the constant that results from an indefinite integral.  For example, let's say that an object has a constant acceleration (in m/s2 given by a(t) = -30. Let's also say that it has an initial velocity of 10 m/s. We need to find its speed at t = 12 s. In this case, we can solve like this:  a(t) = -30 v(t)= ∫ a(t)dt =  ∫ -30dt = -30t + C   To find C, we'll solve v(t) for t = 0. Remember that the object's initial velocity is 10 m/s.  v(0) = 10 = -30(0) + C 10 = C, so v(t) = -30t + 10   Now, we can just plug in t = 12 seconds. v(12) = -30(12) + 10 = -360 + 10 = -350. Since speed is the absolute value of velocity, the object's speed is 350 meters/second.
Summary: Understand that speed is defined as the magnitude of velocity. Use absolute values for negative velocities. Take the derivative of a position function. Take the integral of an acceleration function.