Each post should be 3 feet (0.91 m) away from each other—start by marking the first post location with chalk at one end of the wall. Now, move in 3 foot (0.91 m) increments along the line until you reach the end.  Use a taut string and stakes or a snapped chalk line to help you create a straight line. If you need to extend your wall with another post to create the final 3 feet (0.91 m) then do so. Space your posts 16 to 18 inches (41 to 46 cm) apart for load-bearing walls, which are walls that support something aside from their own weight such as a roof. Start by using a D-handle shovel to loosen the dirt along each side of the trench. Once it's loose enough, dig out the middle with a trench shovel. Continue loosening and digging into the soil with each of your shovels.  Call your local utility services number at least 3 to 4 days before digging to ensure it's legal and won't damage underground structures, such as power, sewer, water, or gas lines. Consider renting heavy equipment to dig your trench. Saw through large roots with a reciprocating saw or using the tip of your trench shovel. Use a steel bar to loosen rocks. for your posts. Thrust your shovel into the soil and jiggle it forward and backward and side to side. Once the soil is loosened, start digging down into the ground. Grip the middle of the shovel's handle with your non-dominant hand and the top of the handle with your dominant hand.  Use a steel bar to knock rocks loose. Remove large sections of loose soil with a clamshell digger. Saw through large roots by thrusting your shovel down into them or using a reciprocating saw.
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One-sentence summary -- Mark your post hole locations on the ground with chalk. Dig a 12 inch (30 cm) deep trench between your post locations. Dig 18 inch (46 cm) deep holes


Different landlords and property managers may have different expectations for their tenants. Most leases require their tenants to leave rental units clean and undamaged beyond “ordinary wear and tear.”  While “ordinary wear and tear” can be hard to define, it generally refers to damage that occurs as a result of regular use of a space or appliance, as opposed to damage that results from carelessness, neglect, or intentional abuse. Depending on local landlord-tenant polity, your landlord or property manager may or may not want you to repair minor damage to the property, such as nail holes or chipped paint. Make note of any areas that particularly need to be cleaned, such as smudged or stained walls, dirty cabinets, dirty pet areas, and grimy or mildewed kitchen and bathroom surfaces. Make a list of any notable damage to your unit, such as holes in the screens, missing or damaged blinds, scratches or gouges in the hardwood floors, chipped paint, or marks on the walls that cannot be easily cleaned off. Check your light fixtures, smoke detectors, fridge, stove, and any other appliances that belong to the property in order to make sure that they are working and in good condition. This way you can avoid any unpleasant surprises during the move-out inspection. In general, it is the responsibility of the landlord or property manager to make major repairs or replace broken appliances. However, it is the tenant's responsibility to inform the landlord of these problems as they occur.
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One-sentence summary -- Review the move-out policy in your lease. Examine your apartment for dirt. Examine your apartment for damage. Make sure your appliances are functioning properly. Talk to your landlord about any damage or problems you find.


When you’re performing and nervous, it’s natural to get a bit quieter. Before you perform, practice your songs until you can sing them without even thinking about it. Knowing you're prepared can give you the confidence you need to sing loudly and clearly. It may even calm your nerves. Be sure to select songs that work with your vocal range. If you're unsure whether a song will work with your range, ask your vocal coach for feedback. While breathing exercises will strengthen your muscles and open up your lungs for full breaths, avoid taking deep breaths and holding them. When you're nervous about singing, just try to breathe normally. Stay relaxed so you're not creating tension. Practice your breathing before you begin singing. Do something simple like count your breaths in and out. For example, breathe in for five counts and release for five counts. Continue doing this until you're calm and ready to sing. Remind yourself why you want to sing. Chances are, if you keep your mind on your love for singing, you'll overcome your anxiety and be able to sing loudly and clearly. To help you focus, consider closing your eyes and paying attention to the words of the sing. Really let your emotions come through the music and worry less about your fears. If you close your eyes, remember not to tilt your chin upward, which can make it harder to sing loudly. One of the most helpful things you can do to sing louder, is to find a vocal teacher. A voice coach can give you valuable feedback on your singing technique. It will also be useful to have someone to tell you if you are, in fact, singing louder than before. Listen to your teacher's suggestions for improvement and remember that your teacher is there to help you become a better singer. Find a vocal teacher who specializes in a genre of singing that you want to do.
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One-sentence summary -- Practice your songs. Relax your breathing. Focus on your passion. Work with a vocal teacher.


Long exposure to blow dryer heat will damage hair. Reduce the blow drying time by absorbing some water with a soft towel. Pat gently until your hair stops dripping. Avoid rubbing with the towel, which can cause frizz and breakage. If your blow dryer comes with multiple nozzle attachments, compare the width of each one. If the nozzle is too wide (side to side), you may waste air flow directing it at short hair. However, the more narrow the nozzle opening is, the more likely it is to cause damage. Consider sticking to a wide nozzle if your hair is fragile or thin. Reduce the air flow setting to low or medium as well. If your hair is easily damaged, reduce the temperature setting on your blow dryer to medium or low, until the flow of air feels comfortable on the back of your hand. If your hair is strong, or short enough to dry in a few minutes, blow dry on high heat. See the guides below for specific styles.
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One-sentence summary --
Pat out excess moisture. Adjust air flow with a narrow nozzle (optional). Select the right temperature.