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Cheese can very easily stick to the side of a pan or dish during the melting process. Select a dish with a non-stick coating to melt your cheese to avoid this problem. Place your cheese over the stove at low heat. Never start heating cheese on high or medium heat, as this will cause cheese to heat unevenly. A little starch and milk keeps cheese from separating too quickly, resulting in a lumpy, uneven mixture. The amount of each will vary, depending on how much cheese you're melting, but you only need a small dash of each to keep the cheese smooth. You can also add a few small slices of American cheese, as this type of cheese has properties that helps cheese melt smoothly. If you don't mind the taste of American cheese, throw a slice or two into your cheese mixture. If your cheese gets lumpy as it melts, a small amount of an acidic ingredient can help. Alcohol, like white wine or beer, works great and adds flavor. If you'd prefer not to use alcohol, however, you can try something like vinegar or lemon juice instead. Use a wire whisk or fork to continually whisk the cheese as it melts. This will mix in any added ingredients and also keep the cheese mixture smooth. You should remove the cheese from the stove as soon as it reaches the consistency you want. Cheese has a low burning point, so melting cheese any longer than necessary can cause it to burn.

summary: Use a non-stick skillet. Place the cheese over low heat. Add a dash of corn starch and evaporated milk. Try adding American cheese. Add an acidic ingredient like vinegar or beer. Whisk the cheese continuously. Remove the cheese as soon as it's melted.


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A clicker is a hand-held dog training device that, when pushed, makes a "click" sound. When your dog performs the desired behavior, you press the device. Then, you reward the dog with a treat. Your pet will learn to associate that behavior with rewards. Pressing the clicker when the dog performs a behavior is much more effective than saying "Good dog." This is because a clicker has a distinctive and unchanging sound and the dog hears the sound at the exact moment a behavior occurs. Prepare several small pieces of a highly desirable treat, such as bits of hotdog or boiled chicken. Then, press the clicker and reward your dog with a treat. Do the clicker-treat action repeatedly. Teaching your dog to pay attention to the clicker is called "charging the clicker." You can switch rewards later on in the training session to something more mundane like kibble, but using special treats keeps your dog's enthusiasm for the clicker high. Before training your dog to play soccer, teach it how to identify a target. Place 1 of your hands in front of your dog’s face with your palm flat and facing the dog. When your dog sniffs your hand, click the clicker and give your dog a treat with your other hand. Repeat this at least 3 times to reinforce the behavior.  Then, begin moving your hand to either side and up and down to train your dog to find the target in a different location. Click and reward your dog each time it sniffs your hand. Clicker training relies on exact timing. Click the moment your dog performs the desired behavior. When you teach your dog to play soccer, the ball will be the target.

summary: Purchase a clicker at a pet supply store. Teach your dog to associate the sound of the click with a reward. Train your dog to identify a target.


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You do not have to limit yourself to a certain type of fabric to make a great tie, but heavier fabrics do tend to wear better. For one tie, you'll need at least 1 1⁄2 yards (1.4 m) of fabric for the front of the tie and about 5 x 6 inches of fabric for the back liner.  Silk is a popular choice for tie liners. For a casual tie, go for patterned cotton, linen or denim. Ties are made with a material called interfacing, which is sewn or ironed into the inside of the tie as a liner. It allows fabrics to keep a firm shape. You will need 1 1⁄2 yards (1.4 m) of interfacing in a color that matches the tie fabric.  For fusible interfacing, you will put the glazed side face down on the tie fabric to permanently adhere it to the tie. Be sure to buy sewable, fusible interfacing because you will be sewing the tie later on.  Interfacing that is sewn-in does not have a glaze on it. It is sewn to the inside of the seam line so there won't be visible stitching on the outside of the tie. In addition to the fabric and interfacing, you will need to buy the following supplies:  Fine thread that matches the tie fabric A good pair of fabric scissors Either a needle (if you're sewing the tie by hand) or a sewing machine Straight pins Measuring tape Iron There are many tie patterns available for you to choose from. Once you find a style you like, you can print the outline for it online for free. The alternative to printing a tie outline would be to use a ruler to trace another tie out yourself.  When tie outlines print, they will continue onto more than one page because the length of the tie will be longer than a standard sheet of printing paper. Simply tape the paper together when you trace them onto the fabric. You will need about 3/8in of additional space outside of your trace line that you will later use for the inseam.
summary: Purchase your favorite fabric from your local craft store. Buy interfacing for the inside of the tie. Purchase the other supplies needed. Pick out a pattern.