Q: .
A: Pre-heat the oven to 350°F (176°C) and line your muffin tins with 18 paper liners. Cream together the butter and sugar in a large bowl with a mixing spoon until they get light and fluffy. Add the eggs, one at a time and stir well after each until they are well combined with the butter and sugar. Add the baking soda, baking powder, vanilla and salt. Stir the batter until all the ingredients are mixed well and creamy. Add 1/4 cup of flour and stir into the batter. Add 1/4 cup of milk and stir into the batter. Continue alternating the flour and the milk until they have both been completed added to the batter. Stir the batter until it is no longer lumpy. Put a heaping tablespoon of the cupcake batter into each liner. Place one Almond Joy piece into each cup and gently press it into the batter. Add another tablespoon of batter on top of the candy bar, until the cup is about 3/4 full. Bake the cupcakes for 20 to 25 minutes, or until the cupcakes are golden brown. Test for doneness by lightly pressing your finger into a cupcake; if it bounces back, the cupcakes are done. Remove the muffin tin(s) from the oven and place them on a wire rack so that they cool.

Q: Advanced paintball players prefer smaller masks that allow them a wider field of view. Such a view won’t be necessary in your case, so find a mask that covers your whole head for maximum protection.
A: Cover your ears with your mask.

Q: d = R * arccos(R/(R + h)), where• d = distance to horizon• R = radius of the Earth• h = height of eye The geometric horizon calculated using the method in this article may not be the same as the optical horizon, which is what your eye actually sees. Why is this?  The atmosphere bends (refracts) light that is traveling horizontally. What this usually means is that a ray of light is able to slightly follow the curvature of the earth, so that the optical horizon is a bit further away than the geometric horizon. Unfortunately the refraction due to the atmosphere is neither constant nor predictable, as it depends on the change of temperature with height. There is therefore no simple way to add a correction to the formula for the geometric horizon, though one may achieve an "average" correction by assuming a radius for the earth that is a bit greater than the true radius. This will calculate the length of the curved line that follows from your feet to the true horizon (shown in green in this image).  Now, the arccos(R/(R+h)) portion refers to the angle that is made at the center of the Earth by the line going from the true horizon to the center and the line going from you to the center.  With this angle, we multiply it by R to get the "arc length," which, in this case, is the distance that you are looking for.
A: Calculate the actual distance you'd have to traverse to get to the horizon by using the following formula. Increase R by 20% to compensate for the distorting refraction of light rays and to arrive at a more accurate measurement. Understand how this calculation works.

Q: When the mussels are coated with the shallot mixture, add ½ cup (118 ml) of dry white wine, the juice from 1 lemon, 1 cup (237 ml) of chicken broth, and a pinch of red pepper flakes to the pot. Stir well to ensure that the flavors are fully blended. You can use any steaming liquid that you like for the mussels. You could use all white wine or chicken broth or substitute beer if you prefer. Even plain water will work, though the mussels won’t have as strong a flavor when they’re finished steaming. Once you’ve added the liquids to the pot, cover it. Allow the mussels to steam over medium-high heat for about 5 minutes or until they begin to open. When the mussels have opened, mix in ½ cup (15 g) of roughly chopped parsley and 2 tablespoons (28 g) of unsalted butter. Cover the pot again, and allow the mussels to steam for another minute so they soften. Once the mussels are finished steaming, use a slotted spoon to transfer them to serving platter. You can spoon some of the steaming liquid over them if you like, but be sure to serve them while they’re still hot.  If you prefer, you can serve the mussels directly from the pot that you steamed them in. If any of the mussels haven’t opened during steaming, discard them.
A:
Pour the wine, lemon juice, chicken broth, and red pepper flakes over the mussels. Cover the pot and steam the mussels until they open. Add the parsley and butter and steam for another minute. Serve the mussels while still warm.