Summarize the following:
To do this, stand with your feet hip-width apart and slowly shift your weight from one side to the other, lifting your opposite foot off the ground and holding the position for as long as possible (up to 30 seconds) before switching to the other leg. Repeat this exercise as many times as you feel comfortable.  Stand near a stable object or wall if needed so you can grab onto it for stability if you start to fall. Increase your repetitions to boost the difficulty of this exercise as your balance improves. Choose a slightly unstable surface to stand on, such as a pillow or a BOSU ball for an even greater challenge. To begin this exercise, stand with your feet hip-width apart and your hands on your hips. While staying upright, raise one foot off the ground and bend your knee so your raised foot is behind you. Hold this position for up to 30 seconds, then switch to the other foot. Repeat this exercise until you've done each foot several times.  For an added challenge, you can try reaching your airborne foot to the side or in front of you without touching it to the ground. This forces your balancing muscles to engage as you shift your center of gravity away from your body. Stand on an unstable surface or attach weights to your ankles to make this exercise more difficult. Begin this exercise by standing with your feet hip-width apart and grasping a dumbbell in one hand. Hold the dumbbell so that your elbow is bent at 90 degrees and your palm is facing upward. Lift one leg off the ground and hold that position for up to 30 seconds before repeating on the other side.  Increase the difficulty of this exercise by gradually increasing the weight of the dumbbell. You can also try doing full bicep curls instead of keeping your elbow bent at 90 degrees. This will cause your muscles to constantly correct for the shifting weight. Try variations to this exercise, such as changing which leg you raise off the ground. It will be harder to lift the leg on the same side as the dumbbell, so work up to this if you can't do it when you first start exercising. You can work on improving your balance and test how far you've come by practicing walking in a straight line while placing one foot directly in front of the other with the heel of your front foot almost touching the toes of your back foot. Raise your arms to the side and hold them at shoulder height.  Keep your eyes focused on a point far in front of you for added stability. Looking at your feet will make it harder to balance. Increase the difficulty of this exercise by moving very slowly or pausing with one foot in the air during each step. Turn around at some point along the line you've walked without breaking your posture and go back the other way.

summary: Practice weight shifts. Do single-leg balancing. Do single-legged bicep curls. Walk straight lines heel-to-toe.


Summarize the following:
This is done by heating up an appropriately sized container of water and dissolving a large amount of baking soda into the water. Use enough baking soda such that it takes at least a minute to dissolve in the hot water with constant stirring.  Shape a liner for the container from aluminum foil and place the foil in the container of hot water. Place silver that has been previously cleaned with soap into the bath (inside of the foil) for several minutes. The tarnish should dissolve away. Rinse the piece well when you're finished. Be sure that the silver touches the aluminum, or else it won't work. The silver and aluminum, with the solution between them, form a battery, and when you touch the silver to the aluminum, it shorts the battery and a small current flows, allowing the chemical reaction to happen. This method is quick and better than a corrosive dip, but probably not as gentle as silver cleaning paste.

summary: Try an electrochemical method.


Summarize the following:
Polaris is the brightest star in the constellation Ursa Minor, the Little Bear. It can be found in the bear’s tail. (The ancient Greeks, and many other peoples, saw bears as having long tails.) The star is called Polaris because it appears within a degree of the Celestial North Pole and so appears not to move in the night sky.  Today, because the seven stars of Ursa Minor look like a small water dipper, most people refer to Ursa Minor as the Little Dipper instead of the Little Bear. Although Polaris is visible in the northern sky at most locations north of the equator, it can be hard to spot if you don’t know exactly what you’re looking for. You can use stars in other constellations to point the way to Polaris.  The most commonly used pointer stars are Merak and Dubhe, the two stars on the edge of the Big Dipper opposite its handle. By following these stars in the direction of the Big Dipper’s mouth, you can find Polaris.  If you go five times the Merak-Dubhe distance away from Dubhe you will be within three degrees of Polaris.  If Polaris is clouded over, you still know where it is. During the times of night when the Big Dipper is below the horizon, such as the early hours of fall, you can use another method. Find the Great Square of Pegasus.  Measure the distance from Alpheratz (visually a part of Pegasus but actually part of the constellation Andromeda), to Caph, the star at the rightmost edge of the W-shaped constellation Cassiopeia.  In line with Alpheratz and Caph, measure another of these distances.  You will be less than three degrees from Polaris.  And, like the previous method, you do not need to see Polaris.
summary: Look for Polaris, the North Star. Use pointer stars to help you find the North Star.