INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Resting your ankle is very important following a sprain. Avoid doing any physical activity or putting any pressure on the ankle during the first 48 hours following the injury, otherwise you risk making the sprain worse. Stay sitting down as much as possible, and use crutches to move around if necessary. Ice your ankle as soon as possible following the injury, as this numbs the pain and helps to prevent swelling by shrinking the blood vessels beneath the skin and limiting blood flow to the area.  Apply an ice pack wrapped in a towel or cloth to the affected area. Don't apply ice directly onto the swollen skin, as this can cause tissue damage. Apply the ice pack for 15 to 20 minutes at a time, 4 to 8 times a day for the first 48 hours following an injury. Compress the ankle with an elastic bandage or wrap (using the method described in the section above).This reduces swelling and helps to support the injured ankle. Make sure that you don’t wrap the bandage so tight that you restrict blood supply. If your toes feel cold and start to turn blue, you should re-wrap the bandage. Keeping the ankle elevated above heart level helps to reduce swelling, as gravity prevents excess blood from accumulating around the site of the injury. Place a pillow or cushion beneath the ankle to keep it elevated while sitting or lying down.

SUMMARY: Rest your ankle by avoiding any physical activity. Ice your ankle to bring down any swelling. Wear a bandage to compress the ankle. Keep the injured ankle elevated above heart level.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: In an emergency situation, it is important to assess the victim’s airways, breathing and circulatory system before performing CPR. This procedure is also known as ABC. You can assess these things by doing the following:  Check the victim’s airway. Look for any obstructions or signs of damage. Watch to see if the victim is taking spontaneous breaths. Observe the victim to see if he or she is breathing normally. To do this, put your ear close to the victim’s nose and mouth and listen for any breathing. Never perform CPR if the victim is breathing or coughing. Start CPR if the victim is not breathing. If the patient is not breathing, then you will have to start CPR right away. Although medical professionals will assess the victim for signs of disability, you may find it helpful to identify the victim’s level of responsiveness and pass this information on to the emergency response team.  Disability is often graded as one of four categories:   A for alert. This means that the victim is awake, able to talk, and aware of his or her surroundings.  V for voice responsive. This means that the victim can respond to questions, but he or she may not seem too alert or aware of what is going on.  P for pain responsive. This means that the victim is showing some sort of response to the pain.  U for unresponsive. This means that the patient is unconscious and not responding to questions or reacting to pain. If the victim is unconscious, you may proceed with the application of CPR.  Do not apply CPR techniques to a person who is already breathing and conscious. You, and the victim, will need to be in the proper position to perform CPR.  Follow these steps to ensure you are both in the right position for compression:  Put the person on her back and tilt the head back. Kneel down next to the victims shoulders. Place the heel of one hand over the center of the person's chest, between the nipples. Place your other hand on top of the first hand.  Keep your elbows straight and position your shoulders directly above your hands. After positioning yourself properly you may now begin compressions. Compressions can help keep the person alive, keeping oxygenated blood flowing to the brain.   Use your upper body weight , not just your arms, as you push straight down on the chest. Push at least 2 inches (approximately 5 centimeters). Push hard, at a rate of about 100 compressions a minute.  Continue until the victim is breathing again or emergency services arrive.

SUMMARY: Remember to check ABC. Assess the victim for signs of disability. Get in position. Begin compressions.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Warm a small bowl of oil and massage it into your scalp. The oil will help moisturize your scalp and reduce flaking. If you want to use a natural oil, 5% tea tree oil has been shown to help in studies. Pure olive oil and pure peanut oil are sometimes recommended instead, but their use is controversial since they may provide food for dandruff-causing fungus.  Rumors about the harmful effects of mineral oil, such as it containing toxins or clogs your pores, are probably unfounded, as long as you use pure mineral oil sold as a skin care product. Products that make claims to relieve dandruff are tested by the FDA and would not be allowed to be on the market if they were harmful or contained toxins.  Gently warm the oil. Do not heat it too hot to handle, especially not to smoking temperatures. While this treatment may reduce dense dandruff faster than a single anti-dandruff shampoo application, it will be more effective if you leave the oil in for several hours. A shower cap may be handy to keep your hair clean during this time. Water alone will likely be ineffective at removing the oil. Instead, remove the oil with several applications of shampoo. If this is not enough to remove the oil, try leaving conditioner on your hair for 10 minutes, then rinsing out. A small amount of liquid dish soap can be used as a last resort, but it may damage or dry out your hair.  A tar-based shampoo may also work, and will also help remove additional dandruff, but many people find this substance unpleasant due to its smell and ability to stain. Many oil treatments and long-term care shampoos can also be effective at reducing dandruff if left in for eight hours, typically overnight. Look for an anti-dandruff shampoo that contains both coal tar and keratolytics. If it does not advertise keratolytics, or substances which dissolve dead skin cells, look for urea, salicylic acid, or sulfur in the ingredients list.  Find a well-fitting shower cap before you apply these, if you intend to sleep with them in your hair.

SUMMARY:
Apply warm mineral oil. Leave the oil in for several hours. Wash the oil off with shampoo or a mild detergent. Use medications overnight.