Q: Xcode is the development environment that all iPhone apps are created in. Xcode is available for free from Apple, but requires OS X 10.8 or later to be installed. There is no official way to run Xcode on a Windows or Linux PC. This means that if you want to develop an iPhone app but don't have a Mac, you'll need to invest in one first.  To develop iOS 8 apps, you will need Xcode 6.0.1 and the iOS 8 SDK, both of which are available from Apple. The iOS 8 SDK contains a significant number of new APIs that allow you to create all kinds of new app experiences, including iCloud integration and Touch ID. To develop iOS 10 apps, you'll need Xcode 8 and the iOS 10 SDK, also available from Apple. There are significant changes to the Swift language and the SDK in this version of Xcode that you'll want to be aware of, but the good news is that there are to be no more "code breaking" changes to the Swift language after this version. While you can code completely within Xcode, you'll find that working with large chunks of code is much easier if you have a dedicated text editor that specializes in programming syntax. TextMate and JEdit are two very popular choices. If you plan on creating custom art and designs for your app, you will want a program that can create vector graphics. Vector graphics scale without losing clarity, and are essential for a good-looking app. Popular vector programs include CorelDraw, Adobe Illustrator and Xara Designer, which are commercial, and Inkscape, which is free. A nice, free, vector graphics drawing program is DrawBerry. It is not as powerful as the professional programs, but it is good for a first-time user, or if you just don't want to pay for something just for one use. Objective-C is the programming language used to create functionality within iPhone apps. It handles data and object manipulation. Objective-C is a derivative of the C family of languages, and is an object-oriented language. If you already have a basic understanding of C or Java, Objective-C should be, for the most part, pretty easy to grasp.  A newer option is to create your app using the Swift language, the follow-on to Objective-C. Swift has a much friendlier syntax and a more modern feel. While it's possible to build a basic app without knowing Objective-C, you cannot perform any sort of advanced function without coding it yourself. Without Objective-C, all you can do is move back and forth between screens. There are a variety of tutorials available online, as well as a wealth of information to be found in various books about Objective-C or Swift. If iPhone app development is something you want to take seriously, you'll be well-served by having some resources handy. Some of the more popular online Objective-C and Swift communities include the Apple Developer Forums, the iPhoneSDK Google Group, and StackOverflow. If you simply don't have any interest in learning Objective-C or Swift or don't have an artistic bone in your body, there are a large number of freelancers and development teams out there that may be able to take on various aspects of your project for you. Outsourcing your development is a complicated process, but can save you lots of headaches if you're not the programming type. Make sure that everyone involved signs a Non-Disclosure Agreement, and that pay structures are in place before any work begins. Upwork (previously oDesk and Elance) is the most popular freelancing service on the Internet that has hundreds of developers and artists of all skill levels. In order to distribute your app on the App Store or give it to others to test, you will need to sign up for an Apple Developer account. The account costs $99 per year and will require you to enter in tax and bank account information. You can create your account at the iOS Dev Center website. Once you've signed up for a Developer account, you will have access to Apple's development resources. These resources include a variety of sample projects which can give you a tremendous amount of insight into how app development works. Find an example that is related to the kind of app you want to create and mess around with it in Xcode.
A: Download and install Xcode. Install a good text editor. Install a vector graphics program. Familiarize yourself with Objective-C. Consider outsourcing development. Create a development account. Download some test apps.

Q: The most common paint stripper is methylene chloride. It’s extremely potent and should be used with care. There are solvents that are citrus-based and more environmentally friendly, but these are still dangerous and proper safety precautions should be taken. Solvents can be purchased at your local hardware or paint store. Wear eye protection, like safety glasses or goggles, and a ventilation mask to protect yourself from the harmful vapors. It’s also a good idea to wear gloves and long sleeves since the product could splash. Work outside if possible, but if the wood can’t be moved, open all windows and doors. Set a fan behind you so that the airflow blows the fumes away from you and out a window or door. Use a paintbrush or paint roller to apply a thin coat of the solvent to the paint. Allow it to sit for about 20 minutes, or however long the instructions recommend. The paint will begin to bubble as the solvent is working. Use a blunt plastic scraper to scratch off the paint that has begun bubbling and peeling. Avoid using sharp metal tools that will gauge the wood. Collect the peeling paint in a disposable container or plastic bag. Some manufacturers claim that water alone will clean the area, but the best way to ensure the wood is neutralized is to wipe it with a rag soaked in mineral spirits. Give the wood at least a week to completely dry and air out before you attempt to apply any stains or waxes.
A: Choose a solvent. Put on safety gear. Create proper ventilation. Roll or brush on solvent. Scrape off bubbled paint. Cleanse the area with mineral spirits. Wait a week to refinish the wood.

Q: Tubing mascara coats each individual lash with a special polymer that dries into a tube. These formulas are less prone to smudging, although individual tubes do sometimes fall off throughout the day.  Tubing mascaras have to be removed with warm water. You can also try a cake mascara. These old-fashioned mascaras are less likely to clump or smudge than mascara that comes in applicator tubes.
A:
Try a tubing mascara if regular mascara isn't working.