The breastfeeding nipple shield was designed initially for an infant who is having difficulties in latching, or the act of grasping and sucking the mother's nipples and lower areola area. It is important that the baby latches on to achieve maximum breastfeeding potential without friction or other complications. The breastfeeding nipple shield is can also be used if you have flat or inverted nipples. These sort of nipples make it very challenging for a baby to latch on. The shield also provides protection to the infant in case you have a skin diseases such as psoriasis or eczema, especially in the latching area. Using a nipple shield can help prevent the transfer of any of the aforementioned skin diseases from the mother to the infant. Some professionals believe that you should not use a nipple shield if you are not experiencing any of the problems listed above. They hold that the nipple shield will allow your child to  get used to a firm nipple which may cause the infant to become confused when you try to feed him with your real nipple.  This disorientation that can occur is called nipple teat confusion. The recommended length of time that you should use a nipple shield is generally only 14 to 30 days.

Summary: Use a nipple shield if the baby is having difficulties in latching on. Wear a nipple shield if you have flat or inverted nipples. Use a nipple shield if you have a skin infection or disease. Avoid using a nipple shield if your baby is not experiencing any problems with breastfeeding.


If you don't have any parchment paper, you can use wax paper instead. Make 7 dollops of Nutella on the parchment paper, using 1½ to 2 tablespoons (27.5 to 37 grams) for each. Smooth the dollops into flat disks using a knife, mini rubber spatula, or cake decorating spatula.  Aim to make the disks about 2½ inches (6 centimeters) wide and ⅕ inch (0.5 centimeter) thick. It might be a good idea to made a few extra Nutella disks in case some break. They are ready when they turn firm. While the disks are freezing, you can start preparing the pancake batter. You can use your favorite recipe, or try the one in this method. You can peel the disks off of the parchment paper, but you should leave them in the freezer so that they don't thaw. Pour the flour into a large mixing bowl. Add the baking powder, sugar, and salt. Stir everything together with a whisk. Pat the dry ingredients flat, then make a small hole in the middle. Crack an egg into the hole, then add the milk. For extra flavor, add some vanilla extract as well. Keep whisking until the batter is smooth and free of lumps. Do not over-mix it, otherwise the pancakes will turn tough. Place about ½ teaspoon of butter into a small, nonstick frying pan, Melt the butter over medium heat, then wipe it off with a paper towel. Leave a very thin layer of butter behind.  While the butter is melting, take out 1 to 3 Nutella disks out of the freezer. Leave the rest in the freezer. You can also try using cooking spray instead. You have to work quickly for this step, so have everything you need on hand. Pour about ¼ cup (60 milliliters) of pancake batter onto the pan. Quickly place a Nutella disk on top. This is the secret to getting golden-brown pancakes! Plan on using a little less than ¼ cup (60 milliliters). Use a rubber spatula to help smooth the pancake batter over the disk. Make sure that it is completely covered. Let the pancake fry a little first. After about 2 minutes, it will start to form bubbles around the edges. Once that happens, slide a spatula under it, and flip it over. This will take another 1 to 2 minutes. As soon as the pancake is done, move onto the next one. Frozen Nutella thaws quickly, so it is important that you work in small batches. If the Nutella thaws, it will become difficult to work with and give you very messy pancakes. Only take 1 to 3 Nutella disks out of the freezer at a time.  This recipe has enough batter to make 6 or 7 pancakes. If a pancake bursts, scrape off the leaked Nutella before moving onto the next pancake. You will have to re-grease the pan after every couple of pancakes. Remember to wipe the excess butter off! You can eat them just as they are, or top them with some sliced strawberries or strawberry jam.

Summary: Line a baking sheet with parchment paper. Make 7 disks out of Nutella on the parchment paper. Freeze the Nutella disks for 1 to 1½ hours. Combine the dry ingredients in a bowl. Make a well in the center, then add the wet ingredients. Whisk everything together. Melt some butter in a pan, then wipe it off. Pour some batter onto the pan, then top it off with a Nutella disk. Cover the disk with more pancake batter. Flip the pancake after about 2 minutes. Cook the pancake until it is golden on both sides. Cook the rest of the pancakes in small batches. Serve the pancakes.


Do not waste time collecting items or calling the fire department when you are in danger. Call the fire department from outside (a cellular phone or a neighbor’s phone) once you are safely away from danger. Stay upwind and away from the residence to avoid breathing toxic fumes. Call emergency medical services. The first aid advice found on containers may be out of date or inappropriate. Do not give anything by mouth unless advised to do so by a medical professional. Some chemicals may not wash out completely.
Summary: Get out of the residence immediately if there is a danger of fire or explosion. If someone has been exposed to a household chemical, find any containers of the substance that are readily available in order to provide requested information. Follow the emergency operator or dispatcher’s first aid instructions carefully. Discard clothing that may have been contaminated.