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Keep the area that was injured elevated. Rest it on a stool or armrest, or remain sitting up. This will help control the blood flow to the area and may prevent bruising. If you can, rest whatever part of your body you hurt. Ice can help slow the blood flow to the injured area, helping a bruise to develop slower or prevent one from forming. You can use an ice pack, wrap ice in a towel, or use a frozen bag of vegetables wrapped in cloth.  Leave the ice pack on the area for 10 minutes. Then, wait at least 20 minutes before applying more ice. Never place ice directly onto the skin because it could damage the skin. If an injured area is extremely painful, mild pain relievers can help. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil) can help. Ibuprofen also helps reduce swelling. Avoid taking NSAIDs (Aleve) and aspirin for pain relief since they cause blood thinning and can cause bruising. In addition, if the bruise is extremely painful and/or doesn’t begin to heal after a few days, seek medical attention. You should also see a doctor if bruises appear and you’re not sure where they’re coming from.

summary: Elevate and rest the injured area. Apply ice. Take over-the-counter pain relievers. See your doctor if you bruise easily.


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Minimize the need for stretching or breaking in by getting patent leather shoes that are already a good fit for you. Since patent leather is stiff and unforgiving, you're not going to be able to change the fit very much – maybe a quarter of a shoe size, at most. Have yourself fitted for shoes in the store, and try on a few pairs before you buy. Look out for the following when you try on patent leather shoes:  Make sure that your toes do not feel squeezed or crushed. Pick a shoe that is comfortable in the heel. The back of the shoe should not rub your heel or slip off when you walk. Make note of how the shoe feels around the ball of your foot. This is the widest part of your foot, so look for a shoe that allows the ball of your foot to sit comfortably. Test out the shoes with the kind of socks you would normally wear with those shoes. Make sure they fit comfortably with your usual socks. You may be tempted to immediately take your new shoes for a night out on the town, but this is a recipe for aching feet. Buy your patent leather shoes in advance of when you plan to wear them, and spend a few days wearing them for short periods at home or at work. Start by wearing them for 10 minutes at a time, and then increase your wear time by another 10 minutes. Keep doing this over several days until you are comfortable wearing (and walking around in) the shoes for a full hour.  The total break-in time will depend on a lot of factors, including what kind of material the sole is made of and how well the shoes fit to begin with. Your shoes may take anywhere from a few days to a few weeks to feel comfortable. Shoes with leather soles take longer to break in than shoes with rubber soles. The first time you wear your shoes out, try to keep your wear time to no more than 2-3 hours. Thick socks can both stretch the shoes and protect your feet from pinching and blisters as your shoes adjust to your feet (and vice versa). Spend a couple of hours every day wearing your shoes around the house with thick socks. Eventually, the shoes should expand a little and feel more comfortable with regular socks or stockings on. While you and your shoes are adjusting to each other, you can minimize your discomfort by putting protective coverings on sensitive spots, such as your heels and any corns or bunions. Check your pharmacy or shoe store for products that fit your needs, such as:  Blister cushions Bunion pads Adhesive bandages Surgical tape A lot of shoe-related discomfort is caused by shoes rubbing on your feet. Minimize blisters and friction-related pain by rubbing a little lotion, petroleum jelly, or antiperspirant on your feet before slipping on your shoes. Focus on the spots that tend to get the most irritated. If your feet start to hurt or develop blisters, give them some time to heal before you wear the shoes again. Consider bringing a comfortable pair of shoes to change into if you have to wear your patent leather shoes for a long stretch of time during the break-in period. It's also a good idea to keep adhesive bandages and blister cushions on you, in case you end up stuck without a change of shoes. Any time you're not wearing your shoes, put them on a shoe tree. A shoe tree is a foot-shaped device, much like a shoe stretcher. The shoe tree will help maintain your shoe's shape when it is not in use, which is very helpful during the break-in period.  Shoe trees are variable in price and design, but tend to cost anywhere from $10 USD to $35 USD. Some shoe trees also function as shoe stretchers.

summary: Buy shoes that fit well. Increase the wear time gradually, by 10-minute increments. Wear your shoes with thick socks 1-2 hours a day for a few days. Pad the problem areas to prevent blisters and pain. Hydrate your feet to reduce friction. Give your feet a break if they start to hurt. Store your shoes on a shoe tree to help them keep their shape.


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Exercising helps build up your core muscles. That, in turn, can help with your constipation. You don't want to suddenly jump into an exercise routine you're not used to, especially if you weren't exercising much before your pregnancy. Start with just fifteen minutes of exercise three times a week. Over time, you can gradually increase the amount. Swimming is a good way to begin exercising, partially because your increased weight won't be an issue in the water. Ask the instructors at your local pool if they offer any prenatal swimming classes. Talking a walk every day can help keep things moving. Plus, it can help you keep from gaining too much baby weight. Of course, you're probably not going to try to play football while pregnant. However, you also shouldn't do sports like judo, kickboxing or trampolining whilst pregnant due to the risk of injury.
summary: Understand why it helps. Start slowly. Try daily walks. Skip contact sports.