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The easiest and most reversible way to give your guitar a little flair without damaging the instrument itself, or spending a lot of money is to get a new pick guard with interesting colors, or to get a plain pick guard and decorate it with markers or paint.  On electric guitars, most pick guards can be removed with a small Phillips-head screwdriver, after removing the strings. Replacing it is as easy as placing it and replacing the screws. Pick guards are available at any guitar shop or music store. Acrylic paint and permanent markers are the simplest and best ways of decorating pick guards, and the bodies of guitars. There's more info about painting your guitar in the next section. Jerry Garcia used to stick a rose in between the strings on the headstock of his guitar, and a variety of little decorations hanging from the headstock or the tailpiece of your guitar can look pretty cool.  Try getting a few scarves or attractive looking scraps of fabric and wrapping them under the strings at the headstock, and knotting them tightly. Wrap some strings between the tailpiece and the strap of your guitar to keep it held in place. Another super-easy and effective way of decorating your guitar is to use a variety of stickers placed around the body of both electric and acoustic guitars. While some people think these negatively affect the tone woods and the resonance of the guitar, the difference is difficult to notice, and not significant on cheaper guitars anyway. All of the following make great guitar decorations:  Band stickers Bumper stickers Logos Stickers along the fretboard Leather strap with a psychedelic mandala? Lightening bolt? Bandolier of bullets? A cool strap can do just as much for your general stage presence and vibe as a cool decorated guitar. Shop around online for cool options, or consider making your own.  Adjust strap to an appropriate rock and roll height. That means low, if you're in a punk band, and nipple-high if you're in an indie band. Apply buttons of your favorite bands to the strap. This is also a good opportunity to rep independent record shops, bookstores, tattoo parlors, and head-shops in your town. Most electric guitars come with plastic toggle switch caps that you can remove and replace with any number of oddities, or leave blank for a more punk, or industrial look. Most knobs should have a solid metal inner knob that you can use by itself, or trick out with whatever you want to use. Pop the volume knob off your guitar and replace with a die that you've drilled a hole in, then glue it to the metal rod. Other cool options might include clay balls, lego men, or prescription pill bottles. "This machine kills fascists" was famously written on Woody Guthrie's guitar, and Willie Nelsons guitar Trigger is autographed by hundreds of famous people in marker. A few words can be a nice touch on a guitar, whatever message you want it to include. Use permanent marker, and make sure it dries completely before you touch it. It's very easy to smudge and make the smudge what's permanent.

summary: Change or decorate the pick guard. Hang something from the headstock. Add stickers. Get a flashy strap. Trick out the toggle switches. Write a slogan on your guitar.


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Knowing the meanings of words is the foundation of your language study. Try to learn a group of words that are related to each other. You'll be more likely to remember them. If you already have some language experience and want to build your vocabulary, spend time reading in the language. Look up words you don't know. Experts suggest that free reading is the most effective if you already know 3000 to 5000 words in the language. A classic way to learn a large number of words is to make flashcards. Write the word on one side and write the definition on the other. To make the meaning easier to remember, try to include an image. Have someone quiz you or just go through the cards on your own until you've mastered them.  For verbs, try writing all the different tenses on the side of the card where you've written the English definition. That way, you have to recall the forms of the verb as well as the definition. Use different colors to indicate different types of words. For example, use different colors to indicate the gender of nouns, prepositions, verbs, etc. This will help you recall important vocabulary information. Simply put, grammar makes up the rules of a foreign language. While vocabulary is important, it's also critical to understand how these words interact. For example, words may mean different things when placed in different orders in a sentence. You'll need to learn the rules that are specific to your foreign language in order to effectively read, write, and understand the language.  Use memory tricks to memorize key grammar rules (like mnemonics, learn word associations, and study grammar in context). Listen to the way native speakers speak the language. Pay attention to word order and the gender of nouns. Keep study sessions short, but frequent. Try to review the material from each class at least every few days. You don't need to sit down and study for hours at a time. Instead, stay focused and keep the study session brief. For example, spend 10 minutes every day going over your class notes or spend 30 minutes at the end of the week to review all the material you covered.  Studying on a regular basis will make you feel more prepared and make it easier to build on information the instructor gives. This is especially important with foreign languages. Avoid cramming the night before an exam. While you may be able to study information to pass an exam, researchers argue that you won't be able to remember the information for very long. There's no right or wrong way to take notes, but you should develop a style that works for you. While your notes don't need to be perfectly written, you should be able to read and understand them later on. Your notes should include the main points of the lesson with plenty of details so you understand the concepts later.  You can develop your own system of abbreviations so you can take faster notes. If you're having trouble keeping up with the instructor's pace, don't be afraid to ask questions or ask the instructor to repeat something. Taking notes will help you follow along in class and engage with the material. If you miss a class, make sure to ask a classmate for good notes from the class. Try a variety of study techniques. Once you've found what helps you learn, use a combination of tactics. For example, maybe you've discovered that using flashcards to learn vocabulary didn't help you. Instead, you might learn best by repeatedly writing down words and placing them all around your home. You might also try learning through:  Reading stories in the language. Mnemonics (devices to help you memorize). Writing vocabulary into sentences so you have context. Repetition Set aside plenty of time for the class. This doesn't just mean time to attend class. It should also include time to study and prepare for the class, time to do homework, and time that you may need to meet up with a study group or the instructor to get help. Set a schedule and stick to it, so you're not rushing to finish an assignment or get ready for an exam. Don't forget the importance of rest. Research shows that people are able to learn and retain language better when they get plenty of sleep. The National Sleep Foundation recommends that most adults need 7 to 9 hours of sleep, while teenagers need 8 to 10 hours.

summary: Work on vocabulary. Use note cards. Learn grammar. Study on a regular basis. Take effective notes. Find what what works for you. Manage your time.


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The illustration here shows a rounded one, but footballs in real life tend to end in points. They should be mirror images of one another, as shown. Don't go beyond the lower line, though, or your football will look a bit unusual. Don't let it reach the two vertical rectangles! They can be as thick or thin as you like, but you probably don’t want to make them larger than the primary line if you’re going for a realistic look. Add more details if you want to, such as more lines to give it a weathered look, or even some players tossing it back and forth. Footballs mostly come in brown, but you might want to make yours the colors of your favorite team, or some sort of interesting pattern--that part is up to you!
summary: Draw the football's shape (like a sideways egg) either with rounded or pointed ends. Draw two slightly curved lines near the middle. Draw two rectangles near both edges. Add in a long, thin rectangle in the upper line. Add in eight small, rectangular shapes for the stitches. Outline the picture and erase the guidelines. Color it in.