In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Open book exams do not rely on learn-and-regurgitate learning. Instead, you will have the information in front of you, but what you will be asked is typically quite involved. Open exams are meant to teach students how to take information and apply it in a thoughtful, deep manner. In an open book exam, the focus is not on memorizing information but applying that information. What this means for you is that you will not simply be summarizing material from a textbook. You will be interpreting it in the context of specific questions and scenarios.  For example, you will likely not be asked in a class about Shakespeare, "What is Romeo's family name?", more likely it will be, "Using citations, explain why Romeo's family contributed to his eventual death." There are generally two types of open book exams: a restricted type and an unrestricted type. In a restricted exam material is limited to specific documents, such as a single set of notes or single textbook. In an unrestricted exam, there is no limit on what can be brought into the exam room or take-home test. Make sure you know if your exam is restricted or unrestricted before taking the test.  Memorization is largely unnecessary for an open book exam. However, this does not mean you do not need to study. This is not the case. Focus is shifted to understanding the material rather than simply being able to memorize and recite it. You will not be asked questions like, "Define X" but rather, "Explain how X applies to Y situation" or "What implications does X have on Y current event?" You should make sure you truly understand the material before entering the exam room. If your exam permits you to take your book in, organize your textbook beforehand to help you locate key information quickly and easily.  If permitted, highlighters can be a great tool. Mark key terms, historical dates, equations, and other difficult to remember material that you might need to draw from for questions. You can flip through your book and easily spot the highlighted sections during the exam. Margin notes can also be a great means of organization, if allowed. Jotting down your instructors commentary or brief summaries of difficult paragraphs in the margins can help you spot important materials fast. Mark pages. Many people dog-ear important pages, but simple folding can be easy to miss. Try investing in multicolored sticky notes specifically designed for marking pages, which you can buy at most bookstores and department stores. You can even color coordinate any passages you're marking, using different colors to indicate different areas of focus. In the event of a restricted exam that does not permit a textbook in the exam room, these strategies still have merit. Organizing your book during the course of a class can help you easily spot key information while studying. Studying for an open book exam can be tricky as the skills required are not as easy to test as simple memorization. However, there are tricks you can use to make sure you're prepared for an open book exam.  Write your own commentary on information. As you'll be tested primarily on interpretation, write down your own commentary and insight in your notes. Challenge yourself to explain what you think about the material, and why. This helps hone your critical thinking skills, which will be needed for an open book exam.  If your professor provided any model questions, answer them while studying. Open book exam questions promote a genuine understanding of the course material, so quizzing yourself using model questions is a great way to make sure you're prepared going in.  Team up with other students. While study groups are great for any type of exam, they can be especially helpful for an open book. Rather than quizzing one another on materials, you can discuss and debate information from class. This helps you learn how to apply the information you learned.
Summary: Understand the rationale behind an open book exam. Locate and mark key information beforehand. Strive to understand the material.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Breath work can help relieve stress quickly and in any situation. Deep breathing lowers blood pressure and heart rate and oxygenates the body. All these help promote feelings of relaxation.  Belly breathing is just what it sounds like: breathing from the belly.  Place one or both hands on your belly and breathe right into your hands. Many of us only breathe into our upper chest cavity, which actually activates the stress response. This cause more feelings of stress. Take ten minutes to sit comfortably with your hands on your belly and just breathe. Try to focus your mind on your breath, letting all your stressful thoughts pass through your mind as though they are cars on a highway. Listen to the sounds your body makes as it breathes.  Feel the rise and fall of your belly underneath your hands. Pay attention to the places in your body that are holding tension, such as your neck, shoulders, arms, or knees. Breathe all the tension through your hands into your belly. Grounding breaths are a type of deep breathing in which you imagine the stress in  your body leaving through your feet. Here is how it's done:  Sit with your feet planted firmly on the ground. Imagine there is a string holding up your head from above. Now, imagine two heavy, metal rods that are attached to the bottoms of your feet and connect you to the earth. Feel the heaviness of the rods weighing your body down. Focus on your feet and breathe from the top of your head all the way down to your feet, all the way down through the metal rods and into the earth. Once you have done two or three breaths like this, imagine all the things you are stressed about flowing from the top of your head out through the bottoms of your feet. Let them flow down through the metal rods and into the ground. For example, lets say work has been particularly stressful for you. Imagine all the stressful things about your work flowing out of your head and down through the rods. The task that kept going wrong, your irritation with a coworker, and the problem with the printer should all flow into the ground. Give yourself permission to release your responsibilities for these 10 minutes.  Your goal is to be in your body and let go, clear your head, and lighten your mood. This type of breath work focuses on your entire body and helps to relieve stress physically. It helps encourage healthy spinal and organ movement, as well as the flow of oxygen and lymphatic fluid throughout the body. It is a process of breathing deeply, imagining the break entering each part of your body. As you do, you'll release the stress in each area. Here's how it's done:  Begin by belly breathing. After taking a few deep belly breaths, begin relaxing yourself from head to toe. Breathe into your head, noticing your skull, forehead, eyes and ears. Consciously relax any tension you might become aware of in these areas. Next, focus on your shoulders. Then move down your arms,  and elbows, and imagine breathing out through your hands. Breathe into your torso, feel and relax your rib cage, sternum and digestive organs. Breathe into your hips, and again, keep noticing and breathing away any tension you might become aware of. Breathe into your thighs, relaxing and releasing. Then breathe into your knees, calves and finally your feet. There are many guided breath work videos and podcasts available on the internet. Do a quick internet search, try out some different styles of guided breathing and see if they work for you..  Having a voice and instruction to keep your breath focused can help you stay focused.  There are also apps that you can download on your mobile device so you can take your guided breath work videos with you anywhere.  This can be a great place to start practicing breath work if you are finding it difficult to focus and sit still. This combination  can be very useful when dealing with stress. It is also easy to combine these two techniques.  For example, you might imagine you are inhaling a cleansing color, such as white or blue, and exhaling a grey plume of smoke. With each breath, try to feel the cleansing color absorbing into every part of your body. When exhaling, imagine all stress being released in the grey plume. This method of breath work can be helpful if you have had some kind of stressful conflict at work or in your personal life. It also works well if you are feeling overwhelmed by your responsibilities, or just over burdened by life in general.
Summary:
Practice belly breathing. Take grounding breaths. Try full body breaths. Use a podcast or internet video. Combine breath work with visualization.