INPUT ARTICLE: Article: You'll need to dig deep enough to reach a stable surface beneath the topsoil, and often deeper to ensure the stones have solid support. Large installation projects may require an excavator, and a square shovel is always useful for creating the vertical walls.  For a driveway or other area with heavy car or machinery traffic, dig 7–9 inches (18–23 centimeters) deep, plus the height of the paving stones you'll be installing. For a walkway with only foot traffic, you only need to dig 4–5 inches (10–13 cm) deep, plus the height of the stones. Use crushed rock or gravel sized at about ¾ of an inch (1.9 cm). This will provide a base for the paving stones, and allow water to drain through. Rent or purchase a plate compactor, and use it to compact the gravel to make a stable, sturdy base. You may need to pour in the gravel in stages, as each compactor has a maximum depth that it can compact at one time.  The final layer should be 6–8 inches (15–20 cm) deep for areas with car or machinery traffic, or up to 12 in. (30 cm) in wet soil. Use a layer 3–4 inches (7.5–10 cm) deep for walkways. Some people install landscape fabric or geotextiles over the gravel at this stage. This helps prevent weed growth, and may help keep the base above it in place. However, other installers prefer to skip this step, as it is not a permanent weed solution and may lead to drainage problems in the long term. Pour in a 1 inch (2.5 cm) layer of sand to keep the paving stones in place. This sand is sold as "bedding sand" or "paver sand." Place a bubble level on top of a flat 2 x 4 or screed board. Scrape it over the surface of the sand, taking care to avoid stepping on the sand layer. The sand should be flat, but along a slight slope, between 1/4" (6mm) per foot (0.3m) and 1/2" (12mm) per foot (0.3 m).

SUMMARY: Excavate the area. Pour in and compact gravel in stages. Add landscape fabric (optional). Add a layer of sand. Screed the sand.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Search online for “cigarette recycling” sites. There are a few options out there, such as TerraCycle. You will need to create a free account before you can ship the cigarettes. A few cities now offer recycling programs of their own. Check with your local government and trash disposal service to see if this is an option. First, get a cardboard box from an office supply store or ground shipping company. Fold and tape the bottom end to prepare the box. Once the filters are loaded into a durable plastic bag or container, tie the bag shut and set it in the box. Make sure the bag is tied tightly. If it is wet or leaking, the shipping company may reject it.. Fold the box’s flaps shut, making sure the bag fits firmly inside the box. When you’re done, tape all the way around each fold. Pick up the box to make sure the top and bottom hold tight and won’t open in transit. You have to get a shipping label from the website you signed up for earlier. Return to the website and indicate that you have a package to ship. They will email you a pre-paid label. Print the label, place it on the box, and tape it down.  You will need to get a unique label from the recycling service for each shipment. The label usually goes on top of the box. Consult the shipping company’s rules to clear up any confusion. Take the box to a shipping center or call the shipping company to come retrieve the box. The recycling company will tell you what shipper to contact, which can be seen on their website and on the shipping label. Follow the recycling company’s instructions in order to avoid shipping costs.  For example, TerraCycle will have you call 1-800-PICK-UPS and tell UPS you have a package with a prepaid return shipping label.  You can send the filters through your own shipping account or by using your own label, but you will have to cover the shipping charges.

SUMMARY: Join a recycling site online. Place the cigarette-filled plastic bag in a box. Seal the box with masking tape. Print and affix a shipping label to the box. Ship the box to the recycling company.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Write the producer's last name, a comma, and then the first initial and a period. Then type a space, and the word "(Producer)" in parenthesis. Follow this with a comma, a space, a "&" sign, and the director's last name, a comma, the director's first initial and the word "(Director)" in parenthesis. Follow this with a comma, a space, and the year of the film's release in parenthesis.  After this write the name of the film in italics, followed by brackets enclosing the phrase "[Motion picture]" and a period.  Follow this with the country of origin, a colon, and the studio or distributor. For example, write: "Bastani, P. (Producer), & Bonito, L. (Director). (2002). Fake Movie [Motion Picture]. United States: Paramount. If the movie you are citing is hard to obtain, use the same format up to the point where you write [Motion Picture]." After that, skip a space and enclose directions to getting the film in parenthesis. You might write: "Bastani, P. (Producer), & Bonito, L. (Director). (2002). Fake Movie [Motion Picture]. (Available from University of California Irvine, Office of Obscure Feminist Film 260 Aldrich Hall Irvine, CA 92697)" Begin with the producer's full name, followed by parenthesis. In the parenthesis, write "(Producer)." Follow this with a period, then another set of parenthesis that enclose the date of the video's publication. Then write the film's title in italics, followed by a period. End with brackets that enclose the phrase"[Streaming Video]," a period, and the phrase "Retrieved from [name of database]." For example, write: "Bastani, Penelope (Producer). (2002). Fake Movie [Streaming Video]. Retrieved from Feminist Filmstars Online database.

SUMMARY: List a film by its producer. List a film of limited availability with information on how to find it. Cite a streaming film beginning with the producer.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: You may wish to consider keeping her as an indoor cat, to protect her from the hazard of traffic that she cannot hear. An alternative is to build a secure outdoor run so she has some access to fresh air, but won’t have access to any streets. Some cat owners have had good experiences using a normal, "hearing" cat as a playmate for the deaf cat.The body language of the hearing cat provides visual clues to the deaf cat that something has just happened. For instance, the hearing cat is aware ‘Mom has just opened the fridge door to get dinner out’ and rushes into the kitchen. The deaf cat, seeing his companion go, follows out of interest. This can work surprisingly well when one cat learns to take the lead. However, this depends on the two cats getting along, which cannot be guaranteed! Develop your own visual code for your cat, such as beckoning as a cue for your cat to come to you  (reward her compliance with a treat) or by pointing to a certain spot to get her to go there and away from trouble. Reward positive behavior with a treat and she will quickly learn to obey. You can also stamp on the floor to create vibrations.

SUMMARY:
Consider alternative ways of living to keep your deaf cat safe. Give your cat a playmate who is not deaf. Learn to communicate with your cat by using hand signals.