Look for text written in bold or italics, or off-set in a chart or graph. Also look for sections at the end of each chapter that condenses the key concepts from that unit. Information presented in any of these ways tends to be of the highest importance when teachers prepare a test on that chapter or section.  If you're studying a creative work, such as a play or novel, look for patterns and themes. Motifs (elements that carry additional meaning, such as darkness, blood, gold) may repeat across the text, suggesting that they're important to pay attention to. “Big ideas” are also good to focus on. If your teacher permits it, you can use a study guide such as Cliffs Notes or Shmoop to help you understand the plot, so that you can focus on more important themes and patterns. Don't rely on these guides to tell you everything you need to know! Use them only as supplements to other study and reading techniques. Now that you've skimmed the chapter and made note of the key concepts, read the whole section at least once, paying attention to details and taking notes along the way. This will allow you to understand the material and contextualize that chapter within the larger unit. Active reading, which involves asking questions of the reading and taking notes, is proven to be more effective and efficient than passively reading through just to finish the chapter.  Draw a bracket around key concepts in the chapter, and circle any terms or names you're not familiar with. Write questions in the margins as you read, then find the answers to those questions. This will help you make better sense of the material and will help you remember those concepts more concretely.  Remember that restating can also condense and focus. As you restate, make sure you pay attention to what seems most important. For example, consider this passage: “Students frequently overuse direct quotation in taking notes, and as a result they overuse quotations in the final [research] paper. Probably only about 10% of your final manuscript should appear as directly quoted matter. Therefore, you should strive to limit the amount of exact transcribing of source materials while taking notes.” Lester, James D. Writing Research Papers. 2nd ed. (1976): 46-47.  A restatement of the key concept could look like this: “Take fewer direct quotations in notes bc too many could cause over-quotation in final paper. 10% max quotes in final.” As you can see, this has captured the most important information from the passage, but it's in your own words, and it's much shorter -- meaning it will be easier to remember later. Go over your notes and any flashcards you've made. Quiz yourself once you've read through all of your notes several times through. You should be able to recall most of the key concepts, names, and dates. Repeat this review process as often as necessary to keep the information in your mind as you prepare for upcoming quizzes and tests. Studies have found that the most efficient way to study is in short bursts, typically in 1-3 hour increments. Give yourself several days, each with several sessions, to prepare. Research suggests that studying related but varied material in one sitting is more efficient and effective than studying just one subject material in a given session. You can also try to relate material you're learning to stuff you already know. You can even create connections between new material and pop culture. You're more likely to remember new material if it's linked to things you're already familiar with.
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One-sentence summary -- Skim each chapter before reading. Read the chapter closely and take notes. Be an active reader. Restate key concepts in your own words. Review everything you've read as soon as you finish the chapter. Don't try to do it all at once. Change up your subjects.


Tap the {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/0\/0f\/Android7apps.png","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/0\/0f\/Android7apps.png\/30px-Android7apps.png","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":460,"bigWidth":"30","bigHeight":"30","licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>I edited this screenshot of an Android icon.\n<\/p><p>License: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"http:\/\/en.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Fair_use\">Fair Use<\/a><br>\n<\/p><\/div>"} icon to open a list of all the apps on your phone or tablet. This will select the app, and open your Home screen. If you select the wrong app, drag it to the Cancel option at the top. This will create a new app shortcut here. This way, you can tap the shortcut on your Home screen and open the app. You won't have to go to your Apps menu every time you want to open it. This will select the app shortcut, and allow you to move it around. Your shortcut options will pop-up at the top of your screen. This option will pop up in the upper-left corner of your screen when you select a shortcut on your Home screen. This will remove the selected shortcut from your Home screen, but you can still open this app from your Apps menu.
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One-sentence summary -- Open your Android's Apps menu. Tap and hold an app on the Apps menu. Drag the app to a vacant spot on your Home screen. Tap and hold a shortcut on the Home screen. Drag the app to the Remove Shortcut option at the top.


Families may also experience various reactions to their loved one who is suffering from PTSD. It can be difficult to cope with a loved one who is constantly pushing people away, or experiencing traumatic flashbacks. These symptoms can create common reactions that family members and other loved ones experience.  Keep in mind that these reactions are normal, and that living with someone with PTSD can be very difficult. These reactions are described in the following steps. People often feel very sorry that someone they care about has had to suffer through a terrifying experience and that their loved one still suffers from PTSD.  However, too much sympathy can be a bad thing leading a family to “baby” a trauma survivor.  This can send the message that the family does not think the trauma survivor is capable of overcoming the ordeal. For example, if you do not expect your loved one to pursue treatment and go to therapy appointments, they may feel like you don’t have confidence in their ability to recover. Because irritability is one of the basic symptoms of PTSD, conflict is often inevitable. A short fuse and readiness to defend or fight rather than back down could result in more angry outbursts towards family members and others. After a traumatic experience, many people with PTSD will become disconnected from their loved ones as they cope with what has happened. This can be very hard for you and other family members but try to give the person space. Remember that they are not distancing themselves because they want to hurt you, but rather because they are dealing with what has happened to them. Family members can often feel guilt or shame after a traumatic event for many reasons.  They may feel guilty because they feel responsible for caring for their loved one.  Family members may also feel shame with dealing with their loved one, as they may feel like they are failing. Remember that dealing with a loved one with PTSD is not easy, but that you are doing all that you can to help them. These negative feelings can include anger and resentment towards the traumatized person or towards those who traumatized the individual.
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One-sentence summary --
Understand that PTSD does not just affect the person who is suffering from the condition. Keep your feelings of sympathy. Be prepared for some conflict. Try not to be offended by your loved one’s detachment. Try to banish feelings of shame or guilt. Understand that negative feelings towards your loved one with PTSD is normal.