The topline is the spinal column from the neck to the tailhead of an animal. Most of the topline is taken from the last two thirds of the animal, from the middle of the shoulders to the rump. The top line must be straight, with no spinal protrusions or bumps along it.  Roach-backed bulls are strongly selected against because this impedes a bull's ability to breed properly and to travel long distances without creating some sort of leg or spinal injury sometime in the future. It's not so bad in cows, but it can make them cull themselves in a matter of time. Sway-backed cattle are also selected against, as this can also hamper movement and ability to properly displace weight on the feet. Sway backs are typically attributed to backs that are too long in length, and results in weakness in structural support of the vertebrae, and also causes irregular-shaped loin muscles. Good loin muscle is correlated to high fertility, and bad or weak loin muscle is a sign of poor fertility. Good shoulder width in either cows or bulls indicates good capacity in the ribcage, where the heart and lungs are located.   In bulls. Generally, the wider the shoulders in bulls, the better. A bull should have shoulders that are 2 inches (5cm) or more wider than his rump. Wide shoulders indicate masculinity in bulls and is the highest indicator of reproductive efficiency. He is also able to sire sons, when mated to proper phenotypical (feminine) cows, that make great herd sires. His daughters will reach puberty early, breed back and wean a heavy calf. Wide shoulders usually means a larger scrotum, since masculinity in a bull is in the wide, deep shoulders and short neck with a rump similar in width to the front. Yearling bulls with good  shoulder widths correlates with uniform gestation periods, birth weights, better calving ease and more uniform weaning weights.   In cows. Shoulder width should not exceed the width of the rump by more than +/- half an inch (1.27cm). Too deep and wide a shoulder leads to reduced femininity and lack of good milk production. Too narrow or shallow, and the cow is a higher maintenance and even poses reproductive issues and increased risk of genital defects in herself and her daughters and sons. Shoulders in cattle should be of even length, and not go over the topline (which is typically called "coarse-shouldered"). Shoulders should also not be open nor extremely heavy (where they can exceed rump width by over 2 inches/5cm), as they are often indicators of calving difficulties. The heart girth is the area from behind the shoulders down to behind the elbows.  Good depth of heart girth in cattle is a sign of good forage convertibility and good feet and leg conformation. The heart girth is where the organs (heart, lungs, etc.) sit, enabling the animal to do and live as it does. The circumference of the heart girth should be equal to or greater than the top line. The closer in measurement the heart girth is in the animal, the more adaptable, vigorous and efficient the animal will be. Smaller heart girths are undesirable, because they can allow bad conformation in the front feet (feet toe out, for instance), they cannot do well in grass alone, and are an overall high maintenance animal.

Summary: The Topline. Shoulders. The Heart-girth.


Many calendars offer additional options that you might enjoy.  For instance, some calendars offer the option to add cute graphics like birds, smiley faces, or stars.  Some desktop calendars offer the option to bind the calendar pages in a leather case. Once you've selected all your preferences, pay for it and decide if you want to print the calendar or have it shipped to you.  If you have a high-quality printer, you might want to print it.  Most people prefer to have the calendar shipped, even though there is an added cost associated with  shipping. Having the calendar shipped to you is probably your best bet, since it reduces the potential frustrations of having to get paper that is correctly sized, running out of ink, or having the printout smudging.

Summary: Add additional graphics or details, if possible. Print or ship your customized calendar.


Apply this to your roots only; work it in and let it sit for a minute. Start by making a circle on the top of your head in the area you'd wear a crown. Focus on the back of this circle to begin with. Next, fill in the circle. This is where your part will be; grease here affects the way your hair looks. Trace while still scrubbing with your fingertips around the bottom edge of the circle. Keep making scrubbing circles underneath each one, drawing lines in circles around your head. Lastly, scrub the back of your skull and your temples/sideburns. This will result in less grease and more growth. After doing this, your scalp will feel alive. Many women swear their hair grows faster after a visit to the salon — it does, and this massage method is why. (I keep two plastic 12-ounce cups in my shower and just mix when I get in.) After you rinse the baking soda out, pour the apple cider vinegar over the ends of your hair, let it sit for a minute and then rinse it out. That's all there is to it!

Summary: Dissolve about 1 tablespoon of baking soda in just enough water to make a paste. In order to stimulate blood flow, clean your pores and get off built up grime, use your finger tips to scrub your scalp. Next, pour about 2 tablespoons of apple cider vinegar into a cup and add water.


Hydraulic hoses have a shelf life, so manufacturers usually print the date of manufacture on the hose. If you use the hose regularly, replace it after 4 to 5 years of use, even if it doesn’t show signs of damage. If you use the hose less, it can last up to 10 years. Even if a hydraulic hose hasn’t been used much, replace it after 10 years. Rubber degrades over time and the hose could burst due to age. Stress, heat, sunlight, and normal wear and tear all degrade hydraulic hoses. Check the surface of your hose units to see what sort of shape they’re in. If you see cracking or tearing, replace this hose.  Signs of wear include cracks, tears, and abrasions. Sometimes the outer rubber is worn away and you can see the support wires inside. Replace a hose that looks like this as soon as possible. Hoses might also be crushed or pinched. These should be replaced as well. If your hose is leaking hydraulic fluid, replace it right away. If your machinery has multiple hoses, locate the one with the leak. First, wipe the hoses down to remove any liquid or oil. Then take a piece of cardboard and rub it along the hose. A wet spot should show up on the cardboard when you pass the leaking point. This hose is the one to replace. There is also a special dye designed to detect leaks in hydraulic pipes. It glows when under a black light, making leaks easy to spot. This method is used in industrial equipment and factories. If you want to try this method, get a bottle of hydraulic dye and inject it into your hydraulic system. Then shine a black light around the hose to find the leak.
Summary: Replace hydraulic hoses 5 years after the printed date of manufacture. Inspect your hose for signs of wear or cracking. Rub cardboard over the hose to find an oil leak.