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Register for and complete the United States Medical Licensing Examination (USMLE). Obtain your medical license in the state where you will be practicing. Complete an oncology fellowship. Become board certified in your oncology specialty or subspecialty - optional. Apply for and obtain a full-time job as an oncologist.
The USMLE is a three-step examination that tests potential doctor’s on their skills in medicine and patient care.  Medical licenses are granted by each state, not nationally, but each state requires the USMLE as a requirement to licensing.  Use the Licensing Examination Services portal of the National Board of Medical Examiners to register for Steps 1 or 2 of the examination. Step 1 and Step 2 CK exams cost $590 each, Step 2 CK costs $1250, Step 3 costs $815..  Step 1 is normally taken after your second year of medical school, while Step 2 is normally taken after your fourth year of medical school.  Step 3 is taken while you’re completing your residency.  The process to apply for Step 3 of the examination differs between states, but you can use the Federation of State Medical Boards online portal to register and pay for the Step 3 exam. Each state has its own medical board which controls licensing of doctors, therefore each state has slightly different requirements for obtaining a license.  Find the medical board’s website for the state where you will be practicing and review the licensing procedure.  We will use the state of Colorado as our example for obtaining your medical license. The state of Colorado requires that you have malpractice insurance in the state ‘’’before’’’ you apply for your license.  Obtain malpractice insurance if you do not already have it, or determine if you meet one of the exception requirements. The state of Colorado requires that each applicant meet the following qualifications: proof of graduation from medical school, passage of USMLE or other national exam, completion of postgraduate education (i.e. residency) and reference letters from places where you have previously practiced.  Twenty-three states use the Federation of State Medical Boards’ Uniform Application for potential licensees.  The Uniform Application is essentially a centralized, online application portal for submitting license requirements.  The nice thing about the Uniform Application is that once you’ve completed one application it can be sent to any of the states that participate in the program. Medical oncologists must complete a three-year residency in internal medicine and then complete a two-year fellowship in medical oncology.  Surgical oncologists must complete a five-year residency in general surgery and then complete a two-year fellowship in surgical oncology.  Radiation oncologists complete a five-year radiation oncology program (residency) but do not need to complete a fellowship. Board certification is not a requirement to practice medicine or oncology.  However, board certification will most likely increase your reputation and job potential.  Medical oncology is certified by the American Board of Internal Medicine (ABIM). Radiation oncology is certified by either the The American Board of Radiology or The American Board of Physician Specialties. Surgical oncology is certified by the The American Board of Medical Specialties. During your residency and/or fellowship you would have developed an extensive professional network.  Use your network to determine if there are any oncologist positions available in your favoured locations.  Search for oncology positions on your own using any and all resources available to you.  The Journal of Clinical Oncology, as an example, has an online Oncology Career Centre with oncology-related positions available in the United States, and around the world.  Each posting will provide you with instructions on how to apply to that specific position. The Society of Surgical Oncology, as another example, has a career website that specialized in surgical oncologist positions available in the United States.  Each posting will provide instructions on how to apply to that specific position. Remember that if you apply to and accept a position in a state other than where you're licensed, you will need to obtain a license to practice medicine in that state before you can begin practicing. Take advantage of the career centers and advisors available at your medical school to help you find oncology positions.  Use their help to update your CV, craft cover letters and personal statements, and practice for interviews.