Article: Basic first aid covers a multitude of possible conditions. Some situations don't require medical attention or taking vital signs. Others require immediate medical attention. The American College of Emergency Physicians advises that any one of the following conditions can characterize a medical emergency, and you should get medical help.  Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath Chest or upper abdominal pain or pressure lasting two minutes or more Fainting, sudden dizziness, or weakness Skin that suddenly turns pale or grey, or lips that are blue Changes in vision Difficulty speaking Confusion or changes in mental status, unusual behavior, difficulty walking Any sudden or severe pain Uncontrolled bleeding Severe or persistent vomiting or diarrhea Coughing or vomiting blood Unusual abdominal pain If you've assessed the situation and determine that there is a medical emergency present, you should seek medical attention before doing anything else.  If you are unable to make the call yourself, be sure to tell one specific person to do so. If you're unsure of the patient's exact condition, contact an emergency response team an get to the hospital in an ambulance. First state your location, then your situation. The responders need to know where you are before all else. If you know you can get to the hospital quickly, know the way by heart, and are certain the patient's condition won't get worse on the way, you can try to drive to the emergency room. If you have already alerted emergency services and you choose to move the person, remember to update the first responders of your decision to do so and your position as you approach the hospital. Never attempt to move a patient if she has a spinal or neck injury. Always call an ambulance if you suspect this type of injury. Before taking the pulse, check to see if the patient is breathing. If she is breathing, you can move on to taking the pulse.  Extend the patients neck so that her chin is pointing up. Listen at her mouth for breathing. Watch her chest for proper rise and fall of the lungs. If the patient has stopped breathing, you may need to perform CPR. The procedure is different for adults and children, so you should know how to do both. Taking a class is a great way to learn to do CPR. Check out the wikiHow articles on How to Do CPR on an Adult and How to Do CPR on a Child to prepare. After you've contacted emergency medical personnel and ensured that the patient is breathing, then you can begin checking the patient's vital signs.  If possible, have the patient sit up. If he is unconscious or you suspect a neck or spinal injury, do not attempt to move the patient. Take the pulse as best you can in the position the patient is in. Remember to record the beats per minute and what time it was to tell the EMTs when they arrive. This will ensure that they know what they're dealing with and can provide the best care possible. Also record the strength of the pulse. If you can barely detect the pulse, it would be categorized as weak. If the pulse is very powerful, the heart is beating too forcefully. Let the medical staff know if the pulse seems abnormally weak or strong. Even if the injury seems relatively minor, a patient's condition can change very quickly. Keep monitoring the pulse until help arrives, writing down the beats per minute and what time it was when you took the measurement. If there are any dramatic changes, it could indicate that the original injury was worse than you thought.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Determine if a situation is a medical emergency. Get medical help if there is a medical emergency. Make sure the patient is breathing properly. Take the patient's pulse while waiting for medical help. Continue measuring the pulse every five to 10 minutes until help arrives.
Article: Lie on your back face up, bend your knees, and put your feet flat on the floor so that you do not strain your lower back. Keep your nose perpendicular (pointing straight up) to the ceiling. Nod your head slowly forward without moving your neck. Envision that you are drawing a small arc with the tip of your nose. Keep the movement very slow. Slowly return your nose to its vertical position. Repeat 10 times. In a few days, increase your repetitions to 20 times. The next week, begin doing 2 to 3 sets of nose nods per day. Once you get used to the motion, you can do them standing up against a wall or standing up away from the wall. Sit up straight in a chair. Your neck should be long and your knees bent at a 90° angle with your feet on the floor. Squeeze your shoulder blades together, as though you are trying to get them to touch. Hold this for 3 seconds, like you’re trying to hold a tennis ball between your shoulder blades. Slowly release your hold back to a relaxed position.  Intentionally drop your shoulders if tension has caused them to creep closer to your ears. Let your arms hang to your sides. Repeat this exercise 10 times, moving in a controlled manner. Increase to holding for 10 seconds and then to doing 2 to 3 sets per day as you get stronger. Chest tightness and weak back muscles are very common in people who spend a lot of time at a desk or in front of a computer. It tends to cause your shoulder to slump forward. This exercise helps to undo that poor posture. Sit in a chair or stand up straight. Practice your chin retractions/nose nods a few times. Do a chin retraction, letting your nose sweep downward slightly. Once it is retracted, keep your chin at the same distance to your neck, but move the top of your head backward.  Stay there for a few seconds and move slowly, returning your head to an upright position. Then, move out of the chin retraction. Do this 10 times, working up to increased repetitions and sets. During this exercise, remember that you are not trying to increase the arc of your neck. You are trying to pivot your head backward in a natural and correct manner. People who have had forward head posture for an extended period of time may find this very difficult to do in the beginning.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Do chin retractions, otherwise known as nose nods. Practice shoulder blade squeezes. Improve your range of motion with advanced chin retractions.