Problem: Article: A relative clause is a word, clause, or phrase that modifies some element of the main clause. Relative clauses are introduced by relative pronouns. Common relative pronouns include who/whom, whoever/whomever, whose, that, and which. In general, they come in two types: non-restrictive and restrictive. Non-restrictive modifiers are relative clauses or phrases that add information to a sentence but aren’t essential to the meaning of the sentence. If you removed a non-restrictive modifier from the sentence, it would still make sense (and the main subject of the sentence would still be in place). They are also sometimes called “interrupters.”   Here is an example of a non-restrictive modifier in a sentence: “George Washington, our first president, served two terms.” While the information in the non-restrictive modifier is helpful, the main clause makes sense if it’s removed: “George Washington served two terms.” Here is another example of a non-restrictive modifier: “Fatima, who has been studying hard, will probably do well on today’s exam.” The presence of who (a relative pronoun) in a clause is often a sign that it’s non-restrictive and should be set off by commas. In almost all cases, non-restrictive clauses or phrases will be set off on both sides by commas. This indicates to the reader that they’re additional information, but not necessarily essential. If you can remove the clause without damaging the sense of your sentence, it is almost certainly a non-restrictive modifier.  Make sure to set off the entire modifier with commas, using one at each end. A common comma error is to set off the beginning of the modifier with a comma, but not the end. In almost all cases, relative clauses or phrases beginning with which will be non-restrictive modifiers and should be set off with commas: “The car accident, which occurred at 3 PM, didn’t damage my car too badly.” Sometimes, prepositional phrases and other phrases interrupt the main sentence, serving as non-restrictive modifiers. If these interruptions are separate from the main subject and verb, separate the interruption phrase with commas to signal to the reader that this information is inessential.  For example, here is an example of a prepositional phrase acting as an interrupter: “It is, in my opinion, an excellent book.” This phrase isn’t crucial to the meaning, and can be taken out without damage to the sentence. Here is another example: “This road, on the other hand, is well-paved and easy to drive.” Direct address also falls into this category. For example, here is a sentence interrupted by a direct address to another person: “That's why I'm appointing you, Thomas, leader of the group.” Restrictive modifiers are relative clauses or phrases that are crucial to the meaning of your sentence. They cannot be removed without damaging the sense of your sentence.  Here is an example of a restrictive modifier in a sentence: “Drivers who exceed the speed limit are reckless.” This clause is essential to the meaning of the sentence and cannot be removed. Here is another example of a restrictive modifier: “The song named “Roar" is popular; the song named “Latte Love" that I made up yesterday is not.’’ While these modifiers do offer additional information, they cannot be removed without obliterating the sentence’s meaning: “The song [??] is popular; the song [??] that I made up yesterday is not.” Because they are essential to the meaning of your sentence, setting off these clauses or phrases with commas will interfere with the clarity of your sentence. In almost all cases, a clause beginning with the relative pronoun that will be restrictive and should not be set off with commas: “The car accident that I had yesterday will really raise my insurance bill.”
Summary: Understand what a relative clause is. Understand how non-restrictive modifiers work. Use commas with non-restrictive modifiers. Use commas to offset expressions that interrupt the sentence. Understand how restrictive modifiers work. Avoid using commas with restrictive modifiers.

Problem: Article: Now that you know the basics of the hop step, you should expand your functional knowledge of the move by practicing a real game scenarios, like passing. To receive a pass while doing the hop step, you need to jump before catching the ball. Make sure your teammate is ready before executing. Keep your head up while doing so you don't miss your teammate's pass. Take a moment and have your teammate evaluate you. Did you land with both feet simultaneously? Are your knees bent, is your body low, and is your head up? Attempt to complete your motions smoothly and without interruption. This will prevent you from stutter-stop performance during the game. Though many experienced players consider this move to be basic, the mechanics involved make it challenging to do cleanly. Practice receiving a pass on your own by:   Throwing a ball slightly in front of you with backspin.  Executing a small hop while the ball rebounds from the floor.  Catching the ball in the air on its return.  Pivoting on one foot.
Summary: Get a friend and a ball. Coordinate movement with the teammate in possession. Drive with your leading foot into a small hop. Catch the ball and land with both feet. Pivot and shoot or pass. Practice receiving a pass on your own.

Problem: Article: Brew about 1–2 cups (240–470 ml) of organic coffee. The coffee should be organic, because non-organic coffees usually have added chemicals and preservatives. Be sure to use a dark roast coffee or espresso. This will help make sure your hair will darken with the coffee. Make this brew strong, by adding a little bit more coffee than 1–2 cups (240–470 ml) calls for.  You can brew the coffee however you want (a drip coffee maker, on the stove), but brewing your coffee in a single serve instant coffee maker might not brew the coffee as strongly as it should be to adequately dye your hair. Let the coffee cool and use it when it is completely cooled, or lukewarm. You can use any kind of conditioner to mix with the coffee. However, thicker conditioners might make application easier. Mix 1 cup (240 ml) of the brewed coffee, with 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of conditioner, and 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of the organic coffee grounds. Use a spoon to mix all of these ingredients together. If you have longer hair, you can increase the quantity of coffee and conditioner used. The exact measurements are not a rule, but more so a guide. Apply this mixture to your hair using your hands, and consider using a wide-toothed comb to spread the mixture evenly through your hair. Once you have added all of the mixture to your hair, consider pinning your hair up in a bun to keep your hair out of your face as you let the mixture soak in. Leave this mixture on your hair for at least an hour. After an hour, the conditioner may start to dry and harden.  Apply this coffee mixture to your hair in a bathroom with a mirror so you can contain any mess and see what you’re doing. Drape an old towel (one you don’t mind getting messy) over your shoulders. This will prevent any of the coffee mixture from falling on your clothes and staining the fabric. Rinse the coffee and conditioner mixture out of your hair in the shower. Don’t add shampoo; simply let the water clean out the mixture from your hair. You may need to repeat this dyeing process a couple times to reach your desired results.
Summary:
Brew some coffee. Mix the coffee with conditioner. Apply the mixture to your hair. Rinse your hair.