In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: If studying people, research information in their past that may be relevant, possibly including medical history, family history, or history of an organization. A good background knowledge of the research topic and similar case studies could help guide your own research as well, especially if you are writing a critical interest case study. Any case study, but especially case studies with a retrospective component, will benefit from basic academic research strategies. In a case study involving human participants, ethics guidelines do not typically allow you to "spy" on the participants. You must practice obtrusive observation, where the participants are aware of your presence. Unlike a quantitative study, you may talk with the participants, make them feel comfortable, and include yourself in activities. Some researchers do attempt to maintain a distance, but be aware that your presence will affect the behavior of the participants regardless of the relationship you form with them.  Establishing trust with participants can result in less inhibited behavior. Observing people in their home, workplaces, or other "natural" environments may be more effective than bringing them to a laboratory or office. Having subjects fill out a questionnaire is a common example of obtrusive research. Subjects know they are being studied, so their behavior will change, but this is a quick and sometimes the only way to gain certain information. Extensive notes during observation will be vital when you are compiling your final report. In some case studies, it may be appropriate to ask the participant to record experiences in a diary. Depending on the total length of your case study, you might hold an interview weekly, once every month or two, or just once or twice a year. Begin with the interview questions you prepared in the planning phase, then iterate to dig deeper into the topic:   Describe experience — ask the participant what it's like to go through the experience you're studying, or be a part of the system you're studying.  Describe meaning — ask the participant what the experience means to them, or what "life lessons" they take from it. Ask what mental and emotional associations they have with the subject of your study, whether it's a medical condition, an event, or another topic.  Focus – in later interviews, prepare questions that fill gaps in your knowledge, or that are particularly relevant to the development of your research questions and theories over the course of the study. A case study may feel less data-driven than a medical trial or a scientific experiment, but attention to rigor and valid methodology remains vital. If you find yourself drawn to studying a participant on one extreme end of the spectrum, set aside time to observe a more "typical" participant as well. When reviewing your notes, question your chain of logic and discard possible conclusions that do not have detailed observation backing them up. Any sources you cite should be thoroughly checked for reliability. After reading and referring back to your original bullet points, you may find that the data reacts in a surprising manner. You need to pull your information together and focus it before writing case studies, especially if your research was performed in intervals across months or years. If you are working with more than one person you will want to assign sections for completion together to make sure your case study will flow. For example, one person may be in charge of making charts of the data you gathered, while other people will each write an analysis of one of your bullet points you are trying to answer. Based on the research questions you designed and the type of case study you conducted, this may be a descriptive report, an analytic argument grounded in a specific case, or a suggested direction for further research or projects. Include your most relevant observations and interviews in the case study itself, and consider attaching additional data (such as full interviews) as an appendix for readers to refer to. If writing a case study for a non-academic audience, consider using a narrative form, describing the events that occurred during your case study in chronological order. Minimize your use of jargon.
Summary: Perform background research. Learn how to conduct obtrusive observation. Take notes. Conduct interviews. Stay rigorous. Collect all of your data and analyze it. Write your final case study report.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Also known as yerba buena, this mint has a citrus flavor and only a hint of mint. Unlike other mints like spearmint or peppermint, the flavor comes predominantly from the stems and not the leaves. If you're going for authenticity, you may want to grow it yourself or order hierbabuena from Cuba. If you can't track down any hierbabuena (you may not be able to if you live in the US), substitute with spearmint instead. It is important to note that if you use spearmint, you do only want to use the leaves, not the stems. Muddling the stems will make give your Mojito a bitter taste. Do not throw away the lime wedges, as you will still be using them in your drink. The smaller pieces will fit in your glass better and be easier to muddle. Hang on to the other half of the lime. No two limes have the same amount of liquid, so you may need it to add a little more juice later. You can also use the remaining lime as a garnish, cutting it into wedges or a wheel. For a genuine Cuban Mojito, you will of course want a premiere Cuban rum. It follows that the better the rum, the better the Mojito. If you are unable to obtain Cuban rum (this will be difficult to get if you live in America), substitute an aged white or silver rum instead. It is difficult to dissolve sugar in cold liquid, so you may have a rather gritty drink if your sugar is too coarse. If you can't find a fine sugar or prefer Turbinado sugar (which only comes in a coarse grind), you can use a coffee or spice grinder to make the granules smaller. Some bartenders and recipes may recommend substituting simple syrup for granulated sugar, but the sugar plays an important part in muddling the mint leaves. This addition also deviates from the traditional method of Mojito-making.
Summary: Find or order fresh hierbabuena mint. Cut half of a large, fresh lime into four wedges and squeeze the juice into a small bowl. Pick a high-quality, white rum. Use a fine, granulated sugar.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Aim for 150 minutes of moderate physical activity, such as walking or using an elliptical machine, or 75 minutes of vigorous aerobic activity every week, such as running or jogging. You can do the same activity in sessions spread throughout the week, or you can get all of your exercise over the course of a couple of days. To maximize your cardio workouts, you can do cardiovascular exercise that works your glutes while also getting your heartrate up. Walking up and down flights of stairs or using a stair machine is the best way to take care of both.  You can even incorporate more stairs into your daily routine, such as by taking the stairs instead of the elevator at work. Since this is a vigorous activity, do a total of 75 minutes per week, or 5 15 minute sessions, to get your weekly cardio requirement. Walking uphill is a close second to walking up stairs when it comes to toning your backside. Try replacing your usual walking route with one that includes some hills, or use the incline setting on the treadmill to simulate hills.  Some treadmills have a hill program, which will automatically adjust the incline at intervals to simulate a hilly walking route. Get 5 30 minute sessions per week. This type of cardio is not as effective for toning your butt as stairs or uphill walking, but it's better than walking or running on flat terrain, and it's a good low-impact option if you have bad knees. Start with the resistance on the lowest level, and then adjust it up as you build strength. Aim for 30 minutes 5 times per week.
Summary:
Use a combination of cardiovascular exercises to meet your weekly requirements. Walk up and down stairs or use a stair machine. Take a walk uphill. Use an elliptical walker.