Give yourself a minute or two to just look things over and think about what it is that you need to absorb from the text. Use the steps in the section "Familiarizing Yourself with the Text" to Identify the basics first:  Is it a list of facts? An understanding of a concept? A sequence of events? What sort of learning will you need to do? Especially if you are reading something that was assigned in a class, good questions to consider include:  Why am I being asked to read this? What is the purpose of the assignment? How does this assignment fit in with the rest of what we have been doing? It is the main idea? Or, is it just an example or sideline to the main idea? What am I supposed to be getting out of this? (Ideas, background information, procedures, overview?) What level of detail am I going to need to retain? (Do I need to understand everything, or will the main ideas be sufficient?)
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One-sentence summary -- Pre-read the text. Direct your reading with questions about the content you're about to read. Write down your answers to remind you as you read.


Owls typically try to avoid human contact and noises. If you see an owl lurking around your property, be as loud as you can to chase it off. Sometimes simply increasing human activity in an area, like setting up and using a fire pit and chairs in your yard, can deter an owl from trying to hunt near your home.  The only type of owl known to attack people is the great horned owl, and it only does this if its nest and young are threatened. Great horned owl nests are typically only found high in trees of a forest habitat. Avoid going near a great horned owl nest, or take precautions like wearing a helmet or using an umbrella if you must walk near one. Owls generally don’t like loud noises while they are hunting. Try tying up aluminum cans close together on a string and hanging them from your chicken coop or porch to keep an owl away. Or construct a wooden clapper by hinging together 2 pieces of wood about 2 ft (0.61 m) in length that will make a loud noise when clapped together.  Use the wooden clapper manually to make a loud banging noise if you see an owl in your yard. Owls may become used to some noises, so always using the same noise can be less effective over time. Try to use various noise methods for the best results. A very loud noise that’s sure to scare off an owl is a firecracker or gun. It is illegal to kill an owl in the U.S., so be sure to keep the pyrotechnic device or gunshot a safe distance of 50–100 yd (46–91 m) away from the owl.  Check with local government authorities about pyrotechnic and gun use regulations in your area before using these devices to frighten an owl.
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One-sentence summary -- Yell or clap your hands near the owl if you see it. Create a noise device with aluminum cans or wood. Fire off a firecracker or gun with blanks near, not at, the owl.


Use a bore gauge to measure the cylinder bore’s diameter. Remember that the diameter refers to the width of the cylinder. Write this number down so you can refer back to it later. The stroke refers to how far the piston travels within the cylinder. If you don’t have the specs, measure this using a deck bridge and dial calipers. Position the dial calipers on the deck bridge so the jaws are upward. Move the piston to top dead center, then position the bridge over the cylinder. Zero out the calipers, then put the piston at bottom dead center by rotating the crankshaft. Open up the calipers until the depth rod is touching the piston deck, then read the number. Ensure the piston is at top dead center, then measure between the top of the cylinder and the flat surface at the top of the piston. If your piston is above deck, it takes away from the clearance volume. If your piston is below deck, it adds to the clearance volume. Use the manufacturer specs for this one or look up the part number online to find the volume. Keep in mind that a piston with a dome takes away from the clearance volume, while a piston with a dish adds to the clearance volume. Note that cubic centimeters are abbreviated as cc. You may be able to find this information online or in the specs. If not, measure the sealing ring distance in inches and divide that by 3.1416. Square the answer then multiply it by the compressed gasket thickness in thousandths of inches. Take your answer and multiply it by 12.87 to find the head gasket volume in cubic centimeters. For example, say the head gasket is 13 inches long and 0.041 inches thick. Divide 13 by 3.1416, which is 4.138. Square this number to get 17.123. Multiply this by 0.041, which is 0.702, then multiply that by 12.87. The head gasket volume is 9.04 cubic centimeters. Use the specs from the manufacturer to find this measurement. If you need to convert from cubic inches to cubic centimeters, multiply the number by 16.387.
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One-sentence summary -- Measure the bore in centimeters. Find the stroke in centimeters. Determine the deck height in centimeters. Figure out the piston top volume in cubic centimeters. Measure the head gasket volume in cubic centimeters. Determine the combustion chamber volume in cubic centimeters.


There isn't a built-in way to scan a QR code on your Mac, nor is there an app available to do so. If you want to scan a QR code, you'll have to use an online QR code scanner. Go to https://webqr.com/. This website scans QR codes using your Mac's built-in webcam. On some browsers (e.g., Google Chrome), you will have to click Allow when prompted to grant the website access to your camera. Your QR code should be facing the Mac's camera. You'll see the code appear in the scan window that's in the middle of the page. You can also upload a QR code from your computer by clicking the camera icon above the top-right corner of the scan window, clicking Choose File, clicking the QR code image, and clicking Open. Make sure that all four edges and corners of the QR code are inside of the scan window. Once your Mac's camera focuses on the code, you'll see the code's content appear in the box at the bottom of the page. You can then click the content to open it if you want.
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One-sentence summary --
Open a web browser. Open the Web QR website. Hold your QR code up to the camera. Center the QR code in the scan window. Wait for the code to scan.