Write an article based on this "Pick 1-2 types of communication to measure to focus your study. Focus on one aspect of effectiveness to make your study more useful. Establish which stages of the communication you'll measure. Connect your evaluation to an end goal to make it more helpful. Create a baseline for your evaluation if possible. Establish milestones for your project to help with your measurements."
article: In a company, you have a wide variety of options. You could measure internal communication by looking at emails or external communication by checking social media responses. Try to narrow your scope so that your evaluation will be more effective.  Start by deciding what area you're going to look at: internal communications and external communications are the two main categories. Next, target a specific area within the category you want to evaluate, such as emails, social media outreach, a marketing campaign, or an informational campaign. Look at external communications to decide whether marketing campaigns or informational campaigns are effective. Examine internal communications to check whether you are getting through to your employees and changing behavior as needed. You could also look at how effective information campaigns are by requesting responses from your target audience, for instance. "Effectiveness" can mean different things, and effectiveness for your project is going to look different than it would for any other project. As an example, it could mean that the audience understood the communication and changed its behavior. Alternatively, maybe the audience found the communication accessible and informative. Decide what is most important in your measurement and that will help guide how you measure its effectiveness. Being effective could refer to the fact that you engaged your audience and encouraged them to interact with the company. Every time you communicate within the company or externally, you must prepare the communication, implement it, and then check the impact. Each of those levels changes how effective the communication is, as each part affects the end message.  For instance, in the preparation phase when you're developing the message, you need to have your facts straight, have appropriate data to present to your audience, and present the information in a manner that makes sense to the audience. In the implementation phase, who you're reaching and how many people you're reaching is important. In the impact phase, the number of people who absorb the message or change their behavior is essential. All of these parts contribute to how effective the communication is. You likely have goals for your communication, such as informing the public, making policy changes internally, or encouraging a different company culture. Whatever your company goals are, they will affect what you measure when you're looking at a specific type of communication.  You might also want to engage customers in conversation or increase sales. For instance, if one of your goals is to engage customers and you want to measure external communication on social media, then you might devise a formula to check how many posts received responses and what kinds of posts were the most popular. The baseline is what your audience knew before you gave them any information. This type of baseline can be informal or formal, depending on your needs, but if you don't have a baseline, you can't measure how much more the audience knows or engages with the company after the communication.  A baseline is like having a control group in a research study. For instance, an informal baseline could be a single person asking a random sampling of people within your company how much they know about an internal policy. If the person finds that almost no one knows what the policy is, that gives you a starting point. For a more formal baseline, you might use an informational survey to establish how much your audience knows about a given topic. A baseline evaluation can also determine the audience's values that might affect communication, as well as the audience's attitude towards a particular subject. A milestone is a small point along the way to meeting a bigger objective. If you set milestones, you'll be able to measure the effectiveness of communication better as you can see how things are changing over time. Set milestones up with specific things you can measure and then establish deadlines.  Ultimately, your milestones should help you meet your objectives, which should help you meet your overall goal. Maybe you're ultimate objective is to engage 50,000 more customers on social media in a year. You can break that down into smaller milestones, such as "Name a social media chair," "Increase social media engagement," and "Create a specific social media personality for the company." Other milestones could be to "Get 3,000 followers in the first month," or "Make 20 posts in the first 2 weeks."

Write an article based on this "Look at the puppy’s belly. Look below the bellybutton or umbilicus scar. Check for testicles. Feel the puppy’s belly. Examine the puppy’s rear end. Disregard the nipples. Consult your veterinarian."
article:
You will probably see a “belly button,” or umbilicus. This is usually located almost at the center of the belly, just below the rib cage. If the puppy was born within the last few days, the umbilical cord may still be attached. Once the umbilical cord shrivels and falls off -- which should happen within a few days -- there will be a little scar left behind on the belly. This scar is a slightly brighter color than the surrounding skin and feels a little bit thicker. If your puppy is male, there will be another small raised spot or “button” of flesh about an inch or so below the scar. This is the prepuce, or sheath, of the puppy’s penis. The prepuce will have a small hole at the center.  The prepuce may have little wispy hairs around it or even on it. Do not attempt to pull out or unsheathe a male puppy’s penis until the puppy is at least 6 months old. Dogs have an os penis, or “penis bone.” You may damage the penis or penis bone if you attempt to forcibly unsheathe a young male dog’s penis. Male puppies will have testicles, although you may not be able to feel them before they are 8 weeks old. If you can locate the testicles, they will be high up between the puppy’s hind legs. Depending on your puppy’s size, its testicles will be about the size of a lima bean. By 8 weeks old, the testicles are usually enclosed in the sack-like scrotum. Unlike male puppies, female puppies will have smooth bellies (other than their umbilicus scar). Females do not have a prepuce. A puppy’s anus is located directly under its tail. If your puppy is male, you will only be able to see its anus. If your puppy is female, you will see a raised, fleshy area just under the anus. This is the vulva. The vulva of a female puppy is small and leaf-shaped. It has a vertical slit. It is usually located almost directly between the puppy’s hind legs. The vulva may have some wispy hairs on it. Just like humans and other mammals, both male and female dogs have nipples. They will not inform you of a puppy’s sex. Puppies should have their first set of vaccinations at around six weeks old. If you can’t figure out what sex your puppy is, your veterinarian can help you with this during a routine visit.