Summarize the following:
Wood ceilings are much more difficult to repair after water damage stains it.  Unlike drywall and popcorn ceilings, you cannot simply remove a portion of the ceiling and replace it without leaving visible signs of the repair.  Ensure you have identified and repaired the source of the moisture.  Failing to do so will result in needing to do further repairs. Wear gloves, safety glasses, and a dust mask to protect yourself from the possibility of mold. Rotten wood will need to be replaced. If the water damage has not soaked all the way through the wood but rather dripped from a crack or gap in the wood, you may be able to sand past the damage.  Always wear protective equipment when operating power tools. Be careful not to sand in an uneven fashion so as to make any defined lines or textures in the wood. Once you have sanded the damage away, apply a sealer or stain to the wood. If sanding alone cannot do the trick, you can also use a darker stain to match the hue of the entire ceiling.  If the water stain is black, this method may not work, but the darker colors could draw less attention to the damage. Some forms of wood cannot be repaired due to discoloration and any wood that is soaked entirely through will need to be replaced. For lighter woods like knotty pine you can use oxalic wood bleach to remove the dark stains caused by water.  Wear protective eye wear as the bleach is a fluid you will need to apply above your head. Use a sponge or rag that’s damp with clean water to wipe the bleach mixture on the ceiling in a controlled manner. Once you have finished bleaching, mix one part white vinegar and two parts water in a spray bottle and spray it at the bleached area to neutralize the remaining bleach.

summary: Repair the leak and check for rotten wood. Sand the top layer of damage from the wood. Stain the wood. Bleach the wood.


Summarize the following:
VoIP, which stands for Voice over Internet Protocol, works much the same way as a telephone, but it uses an internet connection instead of a phone line or cell service. To use a VoIP, you'll have to download the program offered by the service you choose, and the other party may need to install the same program. You'll also need a microphone and a speaker or headset, and some VoIP services require you to use a special phone that plugs into your computer.  The main advantage of VoIP is that you can make calls for free or for a low monthly fee. However, the call quality may not be as high as calling from a traditional phone. Also, there may be an additional charge if you use the service to call a cell phone or land line. Popular VoIP services include Vonage, Google Voice, and Skype. Depending on where you live, it can sometimes be hard to get in touch with someone in Saudi Arabia, due to the differences in time zones and their Sunday-Thursday work week. If you're having trouble finding the time to meet up for a phone call, try sending them a message or an e-mail instead. That way, they'll be able to respond at their leisure.

summary: Use a VoIP service to call using your computer. Use email or instant messaging for a quick and easy way to get in touch.


Summarize the following:
A formal letter sent in the mail from an organization to an individual is often formal and distant because of the mode of communication. However, an email, like a blog, is less formal in its tone.  Use second person “you” when addressing the reader. Use familiar expressions to help the reader relate to you, like “It cost an arm and a leg,” or “He was knee-high to a grasshopper.” Use direct, honest, open language when addressing the reader so that they feel connected and see you as authentic. Use basic fonts and streamline the visual appeal of the email. Don’t try to use a fancy, cursive font—just a basic serif font will do. And don’t use two different fonts for the headings and text. Simply bolding or making some text larger than others will emphasize points just fine. Your email should also be easy to read from a language standpoint — your writing should be at an 8th-grade reading level. Don't get too wordy or complicated. Your writing should be clear, mistake-free (no grammar or spelling mistakes), and easy to read. If you want to make sure that your emails are being opened, or determine what kind of people read your emails more than others, you don’t have to wait for replies or donations. If you sign up for an email service like MailChimp, you can measure a whole list of different metrics each time you send an email in order to tailor your emails to your actual readers.  You can review metrics like click-through rates, open rates, and read reports. Open rates are especially helpful for determining what subject lines are popular, increasing how many people read your emails. Another reason an email service is helpful is if you regularly send mass emails asking for donations, your email provider may become suspicious, even cutting you off as a suspected spammer. It also takes a lot of time to compile lists, break down your send-to list to fit the requirements of your email account (most email providers set a limit of around 50 recipients per email), responding to individuals, and dealing with emails that come back from inactive email addresses. Regularly review your email list to make sure you are sending it to people who are more likely to read it, especially ensuring that people who have expressed interest are on it. Your metrics will improve this way, and you will waste less time. Use a different tone with different groups of donors. For example, if you have a group of people who regularly respond to your emails, send them an email with a personal tone. Compile another list of readers you know don’t usually open your emails with a less formal tone. And have an email with an explanatory tone for first-time emails. With an email service provider, you can also customize individual emails with the names of your addressees, like “Dear Henry.” To keep your audience engaged, you may want to provide them with encouraging data showing them how their money worked or is going to work. This information can go in the opening paragraph or the call to action, or both. People like to give when they know they are already doing good things. Don’t forget to send personal thank-yous to donors after you receive a donation. This is a simple act that can guarantee a repeat donation in the future. You want to send this email as promptly as possible; look at it as a type of receipt. If you get a large amount of donors each month, you may want to consider creating a template so that you can paste it into an email draft and quickly customize it.
summary: Keep the tone more casual than a letter. Make words easy to read. Sign up for an email service. Make sure your list cares about your cause. Personalize by segmenting. Include data that supports your fundraising. Say thank you after receiving a donation.