Article: If the author or authors are provided, the last names must be included in the citation. One way to cite the author is to introduce him or her in the sentence prior to the quotation or paraphrase.  According to Jones, this premise is false (25). A study by Smith, Doe and Rowell indicates that this is only a misconception (98-100). If you do not introduce the authors of the work in the sentence itself, you must state the last name or names in parentheses. For works with multiple authors, separate the final two authors with the word “and.”  This premise is false (Jones, 25). Even though it was previously accepted as fact, this is only a misconception (Smith, Doe, and Rowell, 98-100). List the page number or numbers the cited information can be found on in parentheses. If using a page range, separate the page numbers with a hyphen. If using page numbers that are not part of a range, separate the numbers with a comma. Do not separate the author's name and the page number with a comma.  Erikson claims otherwise (27). Some experts claim otherwise (Erikson 27). Research shows that this long-held belief is “nothing more than an old wives' tale, at best” (Johnson and Smith 28-31). New information clarifies this situation (Doe 18, 23). If you need to cite two works written by two different authors with the same last name, indicate the two different authors by including a first initial as well as the last name.  Current lingual theory supports this concept (L. Hoffman 87), but some linguists disagree (M. Hoffman 14). L. Hoffman supports this concept (87), but M. Hoffman disagrees (14). If the author of a source is unavailable, use a shortened form of the title, instead. Put articles and short works in quotation marks and books or other long works in italics. Provide a page number as usual.  Recent research on the brain supports these claims (“New News” 4-5). The study of psychology continues to expand in this area (Psychological Discoveries 58). If you are citing information from multiple works written by the same author, include the title of the work in parentheses, followed by the page number. Use quotation marks for short works and italics for long works. You can introduce the name of the author in the sentence or you can specify the author in parentheses before listing the title, separating the author and the title with a comma.  Doe holds to this belief ("Theories on Literature" 92-4), but he has been known to stray from it on occasion (Analysis of Popular Poems 100). This theory is “too new to hold much ground” (Analysis of Popular Poems 100), but it does show considerable promise (Doe, "Theories on Literature" 92-4). If borrowed information comes from more than one source, cite each source in parentheses as usual and separate the individual sources with semicolons. Many wonder if the facts have been exaggerated (Doe and Simmons 204; Williams 17-21). Non-print sources do not have standard page numbers. Instead of providing a page number or paragraph number, indicate the source by specifying the author's name and the name of the article or website. Both the author and website name can be included either in parentheses or in the sentence. You should have at least one of the two pieces of information in parentheses, but you can also include both pieces of information in parentheses, separated with a comma.  Williams firmly states his support for this new artistic movement (“Film Trends”). This new artistic movement has professional support (Williams, “Film Trends”).
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Introduce the author in the sentence. Alternatively, name the author in parentheses. Specify the page range on which the information can be found. Provide a first initial for different authors that share the same last name. Use the title if no author is available. Specify the title when using more than one work by the same author. Separate multiple citations with a semicolon. Name the author and website if using an Internet source.

Problem: Article: If guinea pigs are alone in a cage, you need to be extra vigilant about their well-being. Health problems can result due to the stress of loneliness. Keep an eye on your guinea pig's weight, as this is generally one of the first warnings of poor health.  Guinea pigs often help keep one another active via playing and wrestling. A lone guinea pig may become sedentary and put on weight. Make sure your guinea pig gets adequate exercise and does not put on too much weight.  Conversely, guinea pigs can lose interest in food if feeling stressed and isolated. Make sure your guinea pig is eating enough food and that he does not lose weight rapidly. Guinea pigs often rely on cage mates for warmth as they huddle together in the cold. As guinea pigs are prone to upper respiratory problems, pay particularly close attention to maintaining a warm environment.  Keep the cage off the floor and away from areas prone to drafts. The temperature should be stable and around 65 to 75 degrees Fahrenheit.  Make sure your provide warm bedding for your guinea pig so he can crawl into a warm space if he gets cold. Guinea pig beds are available online or at many pet stores. Emotionally, guinea pigs may suffer as a result of living alone. Know the signs of stress and depression in guinea pigs. If you notice them occurring frequently, especially when coupled with physical ailments, you may want to consider getting another guinea pig. Sometimes, despite best efforts, guinea pigs do not adjust to solo living.  Fidgeting, especially in the form of rapid head movement, is a sign of stress. This means your guinea pig is scared or feels uncomfortable. He might also bare his teeth when approached, a sign of aggression.  Depressed guinea pigs tend to become listless. He will probably not display much energy or show interest in food or play.
Summary: Watch for weight loss or gain. Make sure the temperature is safe. Look for signs of stress and depression.

People that know you intimately are going to be more inclined to help you at the beginning. Consider asking close friends and family to join as registered members of your organization. Even if they don’t meaningfully contribute, it’ll show future potential members that they aren’t alone in joining your group. Develop a quick pitch that can be delivered in one minute or less. Make sure that you explain your organization’s importance and how you plan to affect change. Join Facebook groups and follow Twitter hashtags that relate to your organization’s specific goals and overarching issues. This will help you identify people that may be interested in helping and give you an easy platform to promote your group. Encourage people to share your website, and use every opportunity to bring awareness to your topic.  A good social media post will start off with a call to action, followed by more specific details about your group. A strong call to action will activate interest in your group’s solution to a problem. “Save the whales!” or, “Don’t you want to improve life here in your city?” are both excellent openers because they provoke the reader to do something. Keep hashtags as short as possible in order to make sure that people remember them. They should include an action, whenever possible. “#StopLittering” is a perfect example of a simple hashtag that demands something from the audience. Incentives are an excellent way to get people excited about joining your group. They also increase morale and encourage involvement in your organization. Simple incentives like group outings, meals, snacks, and free t-shirts are excellent motivators that you can use to get people to join your group. You can also appeal to an audience’s sense of belonging to attract members. Try playing up networking opportunities and telling potential members that they’d make a great fit in your organization.
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One-sentence summary --
Approach close friends and family and ask them to help. Promote your organization online by using social media. Create incentives for volunteers to attract new members.