Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Note the time difference before calling. Purchase international phone cards to save money when calling. Use a VoIP service to call cell phones and other devices for free. Buy minutes with a VoIP program to save money when calling landlines. Connect using a video chat program to call for free.

Answer: England is under Greenwich Mean Time, which is UTC +0. As an example of the potential time difference you may face, England is 5 hours ahead of the eastern United States. Also, be aware that England has a period of Daylight Savings Time from spring until fall.  The period of Daylight Savings Time, called British Summer Time, is UTC +6. It begins in late March and ends in late October.  The easy part about the time difference is that England and the rest of the U.K. are in a single time zone. The time will be the same no matter which part of the country you call. Cards are often available at several locations, including gas stations, grocery stores, and convenience stores. Phone companies may also sell them to you directly. You buy the card and get a limited amount of minutes to use with your phone. Follow the directions on the card to use it. Read the fine print on any cards before buying them. Make sure the minutes can be used to call England. Also, note any hidden fees that can increase the cost. VoIP, or voice over Internet protocol, is an easy way to get in touch with someone in England. Programs such as Skype and FaceTime utilize an Internet connection, so you will need to connect to a free WiFi service in your area. Then, dial the person’s phone number as you normally would to contact them.  VoIP programs are available as apps on phones and can also be downloaded on tablets or computers. Free VoIP calls are only possible when you’re connected to WiFi. If the other person has the VoIP program and is connected to WiFi, you can talk to one another without incurring any charges. Landlines cannot be called for free while using a VoIP service. You need to use the program’s menu to pay real money for minutes. These minutes are often cheaper than using a phone provider data plan, and you can pay as you go to prevent overcharges. Another way to call landlines is to look for phone carriers that offer inexpensive VoIP plans. To use a video chat program successfully, both people need to have the program installed on their phone, computer, or tablet. Search for the other person in the app. Make sure you are both connected to the Internet, then tap the call button to start the chat. A few programs that have free video capabilities are Skype, Google Hangouts, Facebook Messenger, and WhatsApp.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Create a final draft. Keep listening.

Answer: Ultimately, you need to have your logo digitized.  You can do this yourself or hire a professional to make it happen for you.  Learn a graphic design program.  The most used program is Adobe Illustrator but Inkscape is another offering, and it can be downloaded online for free. There are a number of instructional books and websites that can help you learn Illustrator.  Community colleges and some continuing education programs offer classes in this design program.  Hire a professional graphic artist.  If you already have a background in graphic arts, computer-assisted design or you're a quick study, then you may be able to do it yourself; otherwise, you're better off putting your work in the hands of a professional.  Visit designers' websites to see their portfolios.  You want to choose someone who has experience working with logo design. Ask about turnaround time.  Depending on what stage your design is in, you may go through another revision with an artist or he or she may simply reproduce your idea "as-is."  In any case, find out how long it will take from the time you give them your design until you see a finished product. Find out about costs.  Again, where you are in your design process will impact the cost of this service.  If you need someone to go back to square one with you in your design, that will be more expensive than if you are happy with the logo you've created and simply want to have it professionally computerized. Check online services.  There are a number of online graphic design services that allow you to pay a set fee and in return receive several logo designs from artists trying to win the job.  You choose the design you like best and work with that artist through the completion of the project. Once your logo is finished, it's important that you stay open to feedback on the design.  Use social media.  If your company has an established online presence, run your logo past those who are connected to you and listen to what they have to say. Try your logo out on your website first.  If the response to your logo isn't positive, it's easier and less expensive to revise and republish it on your website than to redo printed materials. Get details.  If clients say the logo is "confusing" or "difficult to read," press them for details.  The more you can find out before you invest in all of your print collateral, the easier it will be to tweak the design.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Inspect the toilet to determine its overall condition. Cover the toilet seat if there is visible urine or debris. Opt for the toilet seat cover if you have any cuts or open wounds. Understand that other household items often have more germs.

Answer:
When you enter the public bathroom, select a stall with a clean seat and bowl, if you can. If the toilet is spot-free and white, you can use it without adding the cover. Toilet seats are not a threat for germs or disease unless they are very dirty or in rough condition.  When you are in a bathroom with multiple stalls, feel free to look at a few and go with the cleanest one. You can base your decision on overall cleanliness and personal opinion. If the toilet seat is dirty, it’s a good idea to use a cover. Do this if you see any drops of liquid, dirt, or debris on the seat or around the toilet bowl. If you have a scratch or blemish on your bottom, it’s a good idea to use a toilet seat cover, as germs are more likely to spread through open wounds. In these cases, toilet seat covers work well as another layer of defense against bacteria. Items like sponges, cutting boards, and kitchen counters often have more germs than a toilet seat. In general, toilet seats are rather clean comparatively. Keep this in mind when deciding whether or not to use a toilet seat cover. Disposable toilet seat covers can be wasteful and harmful for the environment, so try to limit how often you use them.