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A shadowbox is an enclosed glass front picture frame that is wide enough to hold and display items. You can purchase one at most craft stores, and you can choose any size that you prefer for your space. Make sure the frame you choose should is at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) in depth in order to accommodate the LED lights you will use later. Make sure your shadowbox has a removable interior frame. You will use it to insert the LED lights between the glass panel and the mirror. Once you have the shadowbox frame you’re going to use, turn it around so it’s face down. You will see some small metal tabs around the perimeter. Move each one up and out of the way so you can remove the wooden backing of the frame. Then, remove the glass and set it aside. Remove the glass very carefully to avoid breaking it. Before applying the film, make sure your glass is clean. Spray it with glass cleaner and wipe it with a microfiber cloth. Turn it over and clean the other side as well. When you’re finished, check that there is no dust or streaks on the glass. Complete your cleaning on a large flat surface, and rub gently to avoid breaking the glass. Grab one corner of the film and start to slowly remove the backing. If you do it too quickly, the film might tear. As you peel, wet the film with soapy water from a spray bottle. This will help to prevent the film from sticking to itself as you unpeel it. Before placing the film, spray your glass sheet with the soapy water. This will help to ensure a smooth application. Place the film over the glass, making sure it is centered. Then, use a credit card to smooth the film on the glass and squeeze out any creases and air pockets.

summary: Purchase a wooden shadowbox frame at least 1 inch (2.5 cm) in depth. Disassemble the shadowbox and remove the glass. Clean the glass and wipe it with a microfiber cloth. Peel the film and spray it with soapy water. Spray the glass with soapy water and apply the film to it.


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Did you forget to do something? Did you make any mistakes during the process? Have you done multiple trials of each experiment? If you made mistakes, repeat the procedure until you can do it perfectly. If you are confident in your data, it is time to decipher it and draw some conclusions. You might be able to glance at your data and see if it supports or disproves your hypothesis, but understand that you can’t make any firm conclusions until the data has been properly analyzed. A properly designed experiment will have replicates or multiple trials. You may have performed the experiment multiple times or you may have tested multiple items at the same time (example: tested battery length of 3 batteries from each brand or tested growth of 3 of the same plant under multiple growing conditions). The data from each of these replicates need to be averaged together and will represent one data point for that condition. To average the trials, add each trial together and then divide by the number of trials. For example, your 3 plants in low light may have grown 3.0 inches (7.6 cm), 4.0 inches (10 cm), and 3.5 inches (8.9 cm), respectively. The average growth height for low light is (3+4+3.5)/3 = 3.5 in. Oftentimes, it is easier to see differences in the data when you make a visual graph. Generally, the independent variable is plotted on the x-axis (horizontal) and the dependent variable is on the y-axis (vertical).   Bar graphs and line graphs are a great way to visualize your data. You can draw a graph by hand, but it looks much cleaner and more professional to make it on the computer. For our example, graph the light levels on the x-axis and the growth height on the y-axis. Give the graph a title and label the x-axis and y-axis. Be sure to include the proper units used (hrs, ft, in, days, etc). If you have multiple data sets on one graph, use a different symbol or color to represent them. Put a legend on the right side of the graph to identify what each symbol and color represents.  Give the graph a title that tells you exactly which data are represented. For example, “Plant Growth Height in Various Levels of Light.” Now that you have plotted your data, you should be able to easily see differences between your various conditions. At the elementary and middle school level, you can draw your conclusions simply by looking at the data. State whether the data support or disprove the hypothesis. Discuss changes you might make to the procedure or future studies you could do to further the study. At the high school level, you might be able to run some statistics on your data to see if there truly are significant differences between the independent variables.

summary: Review the data you have collected to see if it is complete. Average multiple trials together. Make a table or graph to represent your data. Label everything on the graph. Draw a conclusion.


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Treadmills are available at most gyms, and they're a convenient way to get some cardio exercise in and burn calories. Many treadmills let you adjust the speed and incline that you want to work out with, so it's a good choice regardless of your fitness level.  You can burn around 125 calories per 1 mile (1.6 km) walking briskly on a treadmill if you weigh 150 pounds (68 kg).  Using a treadmill can be hard on the knees, so you may want to use a different cardio machine if you suffer from knee pain or have a knee injury. Working out on an elliptical is also a good calorie-burning cardio exercise, and like a treadmill, you can usually adjust your intensity level. Ellipticals are popular exercise machines, so you shouldn't have a hard time finding one at your gym. You can burn 170-320 calories in 30 minutes on an elliptical, depending on your weight and the level of intensity you're working out at. For example, if you weigh 200 pounds (91 kg), you could burn 286 calories by working out on an elliptical at a high intensity for 30 minutes. Pedaling on a stationary bike at moderate intensity for 30 minutes can help you burn 200-700 calories, depending on your weight. It's also a great choice if you have knee problems since most of your body weight is being supported by the machine.  For example, if you weigh 150 pounds (68 kg), you could burn 250 calories by exercising on a stationary bike with moderate intensity for 30 minutes. If you're new to exercising, you can start out pedaling on a light intensity setting and then gradually increase your intensity level as you improve. Rowing is a great, full-body cardio exercise that won't place a lot of stress on your joints. On a rowing machine, you can burn calories while working out your arms, legs, and core. Start out on a low-intensity setting and progress slowly so you don't hurt your back. Depending on your weight, you can burn around 400-700 calories by spending 1 hour on a rowing machine. For example, if you weigh 240 pounds (110 kg), you could burn 650 calories by working out on a rowing machine with moderate intensity for 1 hour.
summary: Walk or run on a treadmill. Try using an elliptical machine. Exercise on a stationary bike. Work out on a rowing machine.