Article: Prototype-making involves molding, assembly, and labor costs. Traditionally, making a prototype gets somewhat expensive. Settle upon the material you want to use for your prototype, which should be the same as what you want to use in the final product. Speak to representatives at companies and check their costs and credentials.  Professional designers can be located on free sites such as thomasnet.com. You may also be able to someone who can make your prototype cheaper, such as a student from a local university. As you consult with prototype companies, ask about their credentials and past work to ensure that the prototype will be quality and true to your design. Even if the company you choose has worked well with its customers in the past, get a non-disclosure agreement from the company or designer before you hire them, unless you already have a patent.  The more professional the prototype looks, the easier it will be to sell to prospective buyers. The non-disclosure agreement serves as legal protection in case someone steals your design. 3D printing is a rapidly expanding field. These printers use CAD designs from scanned or computer-made 3D models to layer material into a working prototype. Many firms exist now that offer a simple, cheaper alternative in prototype-making. Be sure to check a company’s costs and credentials before you hire them.  These printers are also increasingly found in homes, so you may be able to print the prototype yourself. Remember to get a non-disclosure agreement if you don’t have a patent so no one can steal your design. A good prototype gives your product more appeal to investors. First, you can approach friends and family for extra funding, but you may need to approach outside sources to make your product’s production a reality. There are several ways to do this, such as pitching your product to companies, finding investors through networking, or trying crowdfunding.  Crowdfunding can be done online through sites such as Kickstarter where you showcase your design for pre-purchases. You can trade equity in your product to sites such as 500 Startups and Y Combinator for an investment.  Contact brand names that would be interested in your product or seek out individual investors and convince them of the success of your idea. Make as many of your product as you can sell. The initial construction cost of a prototype is expensive for anyone who doesn’t have a lot of extra money on hand, so you don’t want to get stuck with a large inventory. As you try to sell your product, you’ll also need to go back and improve upon the design. Consider packaging and shipping costs in addition to manufacturing and storage.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Find prototype makers that fit your budget. Protect your design. Consider 3D printing. Obtain funding. Fill your orders.
Article: There are specific questions your abstract must provide answers for, but the answers must be kept in order as well. Ideally, it should mimic the overall format of your essay, with a general ‘introduction, ‘body,’ and ‘conclusion.’ Many journals have specific style guides for abstracts. If you’ve been given a set of rules or guidelines, follow them to the letter. Unlike a topic paragraph, which may be intentionally vague, an abstract should provide a helpful explanation of your paper and your research. Word your abstract so that the reader knows exactly what you’re talking about, and isn’t left hanging with ambiguous references or phrases.  Avoid using direct acronyms or abbreviations in the abstract, as these will need to be explained in order to make sense to the reader. That uses up precious writing room, and should generally be avoided. If your topic is about something well-known enough, you can reference the names of people or places that your paper focuses on. Don’t include tables, figures, sources, or long quotations in your abstract. These take up too much room and usually aren’t what your readers want from an abstract anyway. Your abstract is a summary, yes, but it should be written completely separate from your paper. Don't copy and paste direct quotes from yourself, and avoid simply paraphrasing your own sentences from elsewhere in your writing. Write your abstract using completely new vocabulary and phrases to keep it interesting and redundancy-free. If your abstract is to be published in a journal, you want people to be able to find it easily. In order to do so, readers will search for certain queries on online databases in hopes that papers, like yours, will show up. Try to use 5-10 important words or phrases key to your research in your abstract. For example, if you’re writing a paper on the cultural differences in perceptions of schizophrenia, be sure to use words like “schizophrenia,” “cross-cultural,” “culture-bound,” “mental illness,” and “societal acceptance.” These might be search terms people use when looking for a paper on your subject. You want to draw people in with your abstract; it is the hook that will encourage them to continue reading your paper. However, do not reference ideas or studies that you don’t include in your paper in order to do this. Citing material that you don’t use in your work will mislead readers and ultimately lower your viewership. An abstract is a summary, and as such should not refer to specific points of your research other than possibly names or locations. You should not need to explain or define any terms in your abstract, a reference is all that is needed. Avoid being too explicit in your summary and stick to a very broad overview of your work. Make sure to avoid jargon. This specialized vocabulary may not be understood by general readers in your area and can cause confusion. The abstract is a piece of writing that, like any other, should be revised before being completed. Check it over for grammatical and spelling errors and make sure it is formatted properly. Having someone else read your abstract is a great way for you to know whether you’ve summarized your research well. Try to find someone who doesn’t know everything about your project. Ask him or her to read your abstract and then tell you what s/he understood from it. This will let you know whether you’ve adequately communicated your key points in a clear manner.   Consulting with your professor, a colleague in your field, or a tutor or writing center consultant can be very helpful. If you have these resources available to you, use them! Asking for assistance can also let you know about any conventions in your field. For example, it is very common to use the passive voice (“experiments were performed”) in the sciences. However, in the humanities active voice is usually preferred.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Keep it in order. Provide helpful information. Write it from scratch. Use key phrases and words. Use real information. Avoid being too specific. Be sure to do basic revisions. Get feedback from someone.
Article: Use your fingers to work the oily substance into the fur around the gum. Make sure the affected area is completely covered.  If your dog licks off some of the peanut butter, it's okay, as long as you use a peanut butter that doesn't contain xylitol.  Dogs can eat other oils, as well. However, try to keep your dog from licking at the oil, as they may get diarrhea or suffer from pancreatitis if they consume too much. This gives it time to soak into the gum, loosening it. Sit with your dog so you can make sure it doesn't snack on the oily substance or the gum. Keep the chewed gum out of the dog's mouth. Sugar-free gum is harmful to dogs because it contains xylitol. Although regular gum is usually harmless to dogs, it's best to play it safe. Insert the teeth of the comb down into the fur just above the gum. Then, pull the comb down through the fur to dislodge the gum. If the gum doesn't come out easily, apply more oil.  You can also pick the gum out with your fingers. If there is still gum caught on your dog's fur, you may need to apply more peanut butter, olive oil, butter, or mayonnaise. If 2 to 3 applications don't work, you may need to trim the dog's fur. Rub dog shampoo into the pup's fur, working it into the affected area. Then, rinse your dog thoroughly to remove any remaining soap. Dry your pup with a clean, dry towel. Use a degreasing shampoo, if possible. It will more easily remove the oil. As an alternative, wash the affected area with dish soap before you wash the dog.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Apply peanut butter, olive oil, butter, or mayonnaise to the gum. Allow the oily substance to sit on the gum for at least 3 minutes. Comb through the dog's fur to remove the gum. Shampoo your dog to remove the oil and any remaining gum.