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These include the power cable and the A/V cables you're using. Since many Xboxes are almost two decades old at this point, the technology that powers and connects your Xbox is probably due for an update. You'll want to replace your Xbox's cables once every few years for optimal results. If the Xbox's Power light is a different color than usual or flashing, your Xbox encountered an error. Different error lights refer to different problems:   Solid red light — Your Xbox has overheated.  Flashing green light — Your Xbox's BIOS was only partially loaded, resulting in a system crash.  Flashing alternating red and orange light — Your Xbox's video output failed.  Flashing red and green light — Your Xbox's general software or hardware failed. If your Xbox overheated, you can easily fix it by unplugging it, placing it in a wide-open, cool space, and letting it cool down for an hour or so. To prevent this from happening in the future, do the following:  Place your Xbox in a wide-open space. Make sure your Xbox isn't in direct sunlight or near a heat source. Don't leave your Xbox running when you aren't using it. Clean out your Xbox's vents. The only way you can address this without modding your Xbox is by resetting your Xbox: remove the power cable, wait for at least one minute, plug back in the power cable, and restart your Xbox by pressing the Power button. If the BIOS still fails to load, you'll need to take your Xbox into a professional repair service; even then, the Xbox may not be recoverable. You may be able to fix a failed video output by tightening your Xbox's A/V cables, but you might instead have to replace the cables.  If you're not using the proprietary cables from Microsoft, make sure your replacements are Microsoft-certified. If you already replaced the cables, you may have to take your Xbox into a repair service to see if the video output component inside of your Xbox is broken. If none of the above options fix your problem—or if you have a general software or hardware issue as evidenced by a flashing green and red light—you'll need to take your Xbox into a repair service such as Best Buy.

summary: Replace your Xbox's cables. Check your Xbox for an error light. Fix an overheated Xbox. Try fixing a partially loaded BIOS. Address a failed video output. Take your Xbox into a repair service.


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Curricula are usually graphically organized in a way that includes a space for each component. Some institutions ask educators to use a standardized template, so find out what is expected of you. If no template is provided, find one online or create your own template. This will help you keep your curriculum organized and presentable. Units, or themes, are the main topics that will be covered in the curriculum. Organize your brainstorm or state standards into unified sections that follow a logical sequence. Units can cover big ideas like love, planets, or equations, and important topics like multiplication or chemical reactions. The number of units varies by curriculum and they can last anywhere between one week and eight weeks. A unit title can be one word or a short sentence. A unit about character development, for example, could be called, “Creating deep characters.” Learning goals are the specific things that students will know and be able to do by the end of the unit. You already gave this some thought when you first brainstormed ideas for the class, now you have to be more specific. As you write your learning goals, keep important questions in mind. What does the state require students to know? How do I want my students to think about this topic? What will my students be able to do? Often, you can pull learning goals right from common core standards. Use SWBAT (Students will be able to). If you get stuck, try starting each learning goal with “Students will be able to…” This works for both skills and content knowledge. For example, “Students will be able to provide a two-page written analysis of the reasons behind the Civil War.” This requires students to both know information (causes of the Civil War) and do something with the information (written analysis). Every unit needs 2-4 general questions that should be explored throughout the unit. Essential questions guide students to understand the more important parts of the theme. Essential questions are often big, complex questions that can’t always be answered in one lesson. For example, an essential question for a middle school unit about fractions might be, “Why doesn’t using division always make things smaller?” An essential question for a unit on character development might be, “How does a person’s decisions and actions reveal aspects of their personality?” Once you have an organized set of units, you can begin to think about what kinds of materials, content, and experiences students will need in order to gain an understanding of each theme. This can be covered by the textbook you will use, texts you plan to read, projects, discussions, and trips. Keep your audience in mind. Remember that there are many ways for students to acquire skills and knowledge. Try to choose books, multimedia, and activities that will engage the population you are working with. Students need to be evaluated on their performance. This helps the student know if they were successful in understanding the content, and it helps the teacher know if they were successful in delivering the content. Additionally, assessments help the teacher determine if any changes need to be made to the curriculum in the future. There are many ways to assess student performance, and assessments should be present throughout each unit.  Use formative assessments. Formative assessments are usually smaller, more informal assessments that provide feedback on the learning process so you can make changes to the curriculum throughout the unit. Although formative assessments are usually a part of the daily lesson plan, they can also be included in the unit descriptions. Examples include journal entries, quizzes, collages, or short written responses.   Include summative assessments. Summative assessments occur once a full topic has been covered. These assessments are appropriate for the end of a unit or at the end of the course. Examples of summative assessments are tests, presentations, performances, papers, or portfolios. These assessments range from touching on specific details to answering essential questions or discussing larger themes.

summary: Make a template. Identify the unit titles within the curriculum. Create learning goals for each unit. Write essential questions for each unit. Prepare appropriate learning experiences. Include a plan for assessments.


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To construct this hygrometer, you will need two thermometers, some cotton gauze, a rubber band, a small container, some water, and a piece of cardboard large enough to hang the two thermometers. Moisten the gauze with some water and wrap it around the bulb (bottom tip) of the thermometer. Secure the gauze in place with the rubber band. In order for this hygrometer to work long term, the gauze must stay moist during readings. Fill the small container with water and make sure part of the gauze is in contact with the water. The gauze will stay wet as long as it is touching the water in the container. Align the thermometers so that they are sitting next to each other with their tops and bottoms in the same place. Secure them in place using tape or hot glue. Use caution when working with hot glue. This hygrometer allows you to determine a relative humidity level of the air. Look at each thermometer at eye level and record the degree at which the red liquid sits. Write down these temperatures. Make multiple recordings throughout the day and take note of the weather as well. Is it sunny? Is it raining? Obtain a wet/dry humidity table like the one found here. The left side of the table (y-axis) is the temperature reading of the dry thermometer. The horizontal (x-axis) of the table is the difference between the dry thermometer and the wet thermometer.  Subtract the dry thermometer temperature from the wet thermometer (wet – dry = difference). Find the temperature of the dry bulb on the vertical axis and then find the corresponding difference on the horizontal axis. Where those two meet on the graph tells you the relative humidity. Be sure that your table matches the scale you are using. If you’re using Fahrenheit, use a Fahrenheit table. If you’re measuring in Celsius, use a Celsius table.
summary: Gather the necessary materials. Cover one thermometer with wet gauze. Attach the two thermometers to the cardboard. Record the temperatures on each thermometer. Determine relative humidity using a wet/dry humidity table.