If you unfortunately come down with a case of traveler’s diarrhea, staying hydrated is the most important step. You need to counteract the water and electrolytes lost to the diarrhea (or vomiting in extreme cases). Try to drink eight to ten glasses of water a day from safe or sterilized sources.  Try to drink at least one cup of water for every attack of diarrhea you have.  In moderate to severe cases, you will also want to drink an oral rehydration solution (ORS). These solutions contain the exact combination of clean water, electrolytes, and carbohydrates your body needs to stay hydrated. Follow the directions according to the ORS you buy and drink after each episode of diarrhea. You’ll know you’re staying hydrated if your urine maintains a pale color. Eating smaller meals more frequently is a better way to ensure proper nutrition than three big meals a day while you have traveler’s diarrhea. The smaller portions are also less likely to upset your stomach. Including salty items such as well-cooked soups and sealed sports drinks will also help you replace electrolytes lost to the episodes of diarrhea. Excess potassium loss is another concern in addition to dehydration when suffering a bout of traveler’s diarrhea. You should add some potassium-rich options to replace the lost mineral, such as bananas (remember to peel them yourself), bottled fruit juices, and well-cooked potatoes. Anti-motility agents (loperamide, diphenoxylate, and paregoric) are available over the counter to treat diarrhea. However, you should avoid these options, especially if your symptoms include fever or bloody stool, because they slow the transit time of matter through your digestive tract. In the case of traveler’s diarrhea, this means that the microbes causing the symptoms remain in your body longer than necessary. You can take bismuth subsalicylate (Pepto-Bismol) to treat traveler’s diarrhea in addition to as a preventative measure.Follow the manufacturer’s dosage suggestions for two days. If symptoms worsen or do not improve, then see a doctor to rule out the possibility of a parasite. Though unnecessary in the vast majority of traveler’s diarrhea cases, there are some instances for which you should see a doctor. In these cases, the doctor will typically prescribe a short course of antibiotics lasting three to five days. Find a physician if your symptoms worsen to include:  Persistence or worsening of symptoms for more than two days Blood in your stool Vomiting Severe cramping in your abdomen Fever Rash Dizziness, confusion, lethargy
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One-sentence summary -- Stay hydrated. Eat smaller meals. Eat foods rich in potassium. Avoid anti-motility agents. Take bismuth subsalicylate. See a doctor.


Hold them firmly. Tap the llama with your heels to get it to start moving.  Gently nudge the llama with your heels to get it to start moving. Don't kick the llama with your feet. This will hurt them and might scare them which might cause you to fall off the llama! You don't want to fall, it might hurt. Always be respectful of the animal. A gentle nudge is all the llama will need to know to move forward. You will need to pull them to the left or right to make the animal turn.  Pull on the left rein firmly but gently to go left. Pull the right rein turn the llama right. Never pull the reins suddenly or too hard. This can cause the llama some discomfort. To stop it, squeeze your thighs against the llama's rib cage.  This squeezing motion signals the llama to stop. This movement won't hurt the llama if done gently. Don't squeeze the llama too hard. Remember, you always want to treat the animal you are riding with respect. Don't ride without your hands on the llama, you could fall. Safety first!
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One-sentence summary -- Take the reins from your assistant. Use your reins to steer. Stop the llama when you are ready to dismount.


Make sure that you are using an up to date map to study. Look for maps on reputable, regularly updated websites online, and print one out if you prefer to study a paper map. Otherwise, consider buying a new map to study at an office supply store, book store, or online. For instance, visit the National geographic website at http://maps.nationalgeographic.com/maps for accurate, up-to-date world maps. To keep from being overwhelmed, focus on only one or two continents at a time while studying. Trying to cover the entire map at once will break up your concentration and make memorization more difficult. If necessary, cover the parts of the map you are not concentrating on to keep your eyes focused. For example, devote each day of the week to studying one of the seven continents: Africa, Antarctica, Asia, Australia, Europe, North America (including Central America) and South. Isolate the countries that you have trouble remembering and give them extra attention when studying (e.g. note the other countries and bodies of water surrounding them). Make a list of all of the countries that you make three or more guesses about without getting the right answer. When testing yourself, make a point to identify the countries you have difficulty remembering first, rather than the ones you recognize easily. To reinforce your knowledge of where countries are located on a world map, quiz yourself alphabetically. Choose a continent and try to name each country in it in alphabetical order. By making the studying process more complex, you will sharpen your focus on the material and challenge yourself more thoroughly. It can also be helpful to have a friend or family member quiz you, which can be more challenging. They don’t have to quiz you alphabetically. Instead, they could ask a question like, “Which countries border Laos?” or “What’s the southernmost country in South America?” Use new stories and global current events to contextualize the countries you are trying to place. For instance, look up and memorize countries that are currently in the headlines to get a better sense of the geographical context of those news stories. Alternatively, if there are countries that you are having trouble memorizing on the world map, search them in Google News to get more information about them and create stronger mental associations. Mnemonic devices are silly phrases or rhymes that help you remember the order of things. They don’t have to make sense, and sometimes if the phrase is really wacky it is easier to remember. Try creating mnemonic devices to remember the order of certain countries from north to south or west to east. For instance, a mnemonic device used to list the countries in South America from north to south is: Baby Goats Eat Ham, Not Cold Peanuts. The phrase provides the first letter of each country (Belize, Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama).
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One-sentence summary --
Use an up-to-date map. Go by continent. Prioritize countries you have trouble identifying. Quiz yourself alphabetically. Tie in current events. Create a mnemonic device.