Summarize the following:
The Levi’s website has a list of their official suppliers and outlet stores. This is the best way to ensure that your jeans are 100% authentic. If you buy your jeans from an unlicensed store, they may not be real Levi’s. Many fake Levi’s are sold via the internet. If you plan on buying your jeans online, do some research, and check reviews for online stores. This will be a good indication as to whether the online store is reliable. Watch out for stores that only show their good reviews, or have reviews that look automated. While many stores may have sales on, if you find a pair of ‘Authentic’ Levi’s jeans for a price that is just too good to be true, this may be cause for suspicion. It is a good idea to research the style you want first so you know roughly how much you will be paying. Of course the price may vary from store to store, however, they all should be in the same range. If buying your jeans second hand, online or at a garage sale, market etc, ask for the original receipt. While a lot of people won’t still have it, this can be a good way to ensure the jeans are from a licensed dealer and an authentic pair.

summary: Check Levi’s website for stores near you. Research online sellers online to check that they are a legitimate supplier. Beware of a deal too good to be true. Get the original receipt when you buy second hand.


Summarize the following:
The first sign that your dog is experiencing dry skin might be that he begins to scratch violently when you simply touch his skin. If you part his hair, you may notice other signs of dry skin. These include:  Dry, flaky skin Dandruff Itchiness A harsh, brittle coat Cracked or tough skin Ask yourself if your dog seems himself or whether anything has recently changed. For example, has his appetite changed (eating more or less), and what is his thirst like? Have his energy levels changed? If you suspect there are other medical conditions affecting your dog, take him to the veterinarian for a diagnosis and treatment. Dry skin may be caused by underlying medical conditions. Once treated, the dry skin may go away. These non-specific behavioral changes could point to medical conditions like hypothyroidism (underactive thyroid glands), Cushing's disease, infections, or diabetes. These conditions can affect skin health and coat condition, especially in older dogs. Take a close look at your dog's coat itself. Brush back the hair and look for flakes of dandruff. Be aware that while flakes of dandruff are associated with a dry coat, the flakes could actually be tiny parasites. These parasites, Cheyletiella, have the nickname "walking dandruff" because they may simply look like dandruff, but you may spot them moving if you watch carefully. Your vet can diagnose Cheyletiella by looking at skin flakes under the microscope. The treatment involves medicated sprays (with fipronil) every two weeks to kill the mites.

summary: Look for signs of dry skin. Consider your dog's health. Check your dog's coat for parasites.


Summarize the following:
Whether you’re responding to a given assignment prompt or choosing your own direction for original research within a field, your experience will be more meaningful if you pick a subject that you care about. Write down all the possibilities that occur to you so that you have a generous list of options to start from.  One way to ensure you have a topic that’s of interest to you to pick a subject to which you have a personal connection. For instance, if your sister has Crohn's Disease, you may be interested in investigating it. Or, if you went on an exchange program to Croatia, you might be keen to know more about its history or culture. Another way to trim down your possibilities is to see if there any patterns that emerge from the longer list. For example, if you wrote down “Gertrude Stein” and “Djuna Barnes,” you could focus on lesbian expat authors. Select your top choices from the list you created to pursue further. Take time to do some background reading on each in general reference texts like encyclopedias and to do keyword searches in a library database to see what textual and online sources are available in relation to each potential topic. Then, select one to focus on that you find the most interesting and that has sufficient resources to investigate. You want to choose a topic that has some, but not too much information available on it. If there are some substantive related resources out there, you know you’re on the right track; if there are pages and pages of relevant search results, you can tell that plenty of people have already gone down that road or that the topic is likely too big to cover and you will need to narrow it further. Once you have a general topic that interests you, begin by reading widely about it. Write down the ideas, information, and sources that interest you the most. Then, review your notes to start refining your topic into a precise, narrow research focus. For instance, if you are interested in the mapping of the human genome, read about the general history of the scientific advances that have allowed us to map DNA and see if there’s a particular subtopic that catches your eye. Instead of trying to cover the entire subject, limit your scope to focus on the discovery of a gene related to a specific trait or disease or on a particular application, like the regulation of gene therapy for unborn fetuses. It’s good to vet your ideas with an established academic or other professional related to the field in which you’ll be conducting your research. If you’re having trouble deciding among topics or narrowing your scope, seek advice and suggestions from your professor, advisor, or another knowledgeable professional.  When you meet with or email them, explain the research that you’ve already conducted to show them that you’ve done your homework. Then, ask something like, “I’m most interested in looking into coming of age rituals in contemporary indigenous cultures, and I was wondering if you think that’s a good topic to pursue and if you had any suggestions for specific case studies or other resources related to it.” Remember: they may be able to point you in a more specific direction based on your general interests, but don’t expect them to do the whole selection process for you. If you’re doing independent research to earn a degree (rather than to fulfill the requirements of a particular class), you should also ask them about the potential marketability of your subject since your topic will be setting the direction for your future career.
summary: Brainstorm general topics that genuinely interest you. Do preliminary research to pick a topic. Start broad and narrow your focus. Consult with a relevant scholar.