On each page, create a category for “name,” “date of birth,” “height,” “physical characteristics,” “favorite food,” “favorite time of day,” and so on. Write the name of a character at the top of each page. Fill in the blanks for each character. Note whether each one is a minor or major character, and how they relate to one another in the story. Draw a family tree if you need help keeping all of the characters straight. Don’t forget to include diversity in your characters. Your characters should reflect real life in age, race, sexuality, gender, size, etc. Maybe they never shut the kitchen cabinets. Maybe they always hang up before saying “I love you.” Maybe they sing in the car, but never in front of people. Maybe they eat a bit too much cheese, and spend an entire paycheck in the cheese section of Whole Foods. What does your character fear? Maybe he doesn’t like spiders, or he’s afraid of the water. What motivates her? What keeps her awake at night? Maybe she can’t sleep because she always dreams of black cats. What makes him cry? What makes his heart stop beating for a moment? What’s his favorite china pattern? What does he want most in life? Where is her favorite place in the world? What medications does she take? For instance, what do her scars or tattoos say about her past? Maybe she got a tattoo that reminds her of a favorite pet that died. Why are his eyes brown? Maybe they’re his grandmother’s eyes, and he shares a passion for painting with her. When or why did she decide she liked strawberry-rhubarb pie? Maybe it was her mom’s favorite, who died when she was a kid. Why does she like mornings? Maybe that was the only time she really got to spend with her mom. Continue to dig. Ask “why” to every characteristic. Why is he afraid of spiders? Why does she dream about black cats? Write down the potential answers on your character’s biography page.
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One-sentence summary -- Create a biography page for each of your characters. Add general details about each character to their specific biography pages. Describe the physical appearance of your characters. Consider your characters quirks and flaws. Start thinking more in-depth about each character’s personality. Tie the characters deeper motivations and thoughts into their shallower characteristics.


Soapstone's texture resembles a dry bar of soap and is extremely malleable.  It will easily form a shape with little force.  Soapstone is so soft that you can carve it with harder rocks you find in your backyard; you can even use your fingernail to carve it.  It also comes in many colors like grey, green, and black.  Use soapstone if you are making a small sculpture that won't be easily damaged if you accidentally scratch or nudge it. You can find soapstone and other soft rocks at a local stone carving supplies stores.  For example, in California there is a store called "Stone Sculptors Supplies" that sells soft stones for carving.  Alternately, you can acquire your stones from a stone yard.  Know, however, that these stones are typically used for construction purposes (building counter tops, for example) and may be harder than artistically provided stones.  Know that some soapstone contains asbestos, which can cause lung cancer, asbestosis, and mesothelioma if inhaled. Alabaster comes in a wide range of colors and is available from many suppliers.  Alabaster is best if you want a colorful, sturdy sculpture. It can come in variety of colors like white, grey, beige, orange, yellows, reds, and translucent. Although alabaster is generally harder than soapstone, it still carves easily.  It is the ideal choice for new sculptors since it will still retain its shape without requiring specialized tools or strenuous effort. An alternative to alabaster is limestone, which carves easily and regularly but is not available in a wide range of colors (typical limestone comes in different shades of grey).  Also, limestone can be difficult to sculpt if you get the wrong piece.  Limestone is slightly harder and doesn't polish as well as alabaster. Carving these stones requires specialized tools like electric grinders and hammers.  Granite and marble are usually sculpted in large quantities since they are most optimal for statues and other large items that require durability. Working with large slabs of hard stones requires very strenuous effort.  Even experienced carvers can spend up to 80 hours working on a relatively simple piece. Carving is a subtractive process, not an additive one.  Unlike adding more paint to a portrait, carving involves taking away stone to create the piece's shape.  Limit your stone size to something you will finish in a relatively short time.  This is especially important if you are trying your hand at sculpting for the first time and are unsure of whether you will enjoy the process. The suggested size of stone blocks for sculpting is 15-25 lbs.  Blocks that are smaller than 15 lbs will break if carved with a hammer and chisel.  Any larger, and completing your sculpture will take much longer than you desire. If you intend on using soapstone to sculpt a heart-shaped pendant, then you can most likely work with a block well under 15 lbs.  Just remember that you will most likely have to use other, less accurate tools like harder rocks or a file to shape it.  You will also have fewer chances to correct any mistakes you accidentally make during the carving process. Since you're working with natural materials, it won't be unusual to experience structural flaws.  Finding a stone with few flaws will reduce the likelihood that your stone will break when carving.  Cracks and fissures are sometimes easiest to see when the stone is wet.  Use a spray bottle or sprinkle water over your stone.  If you find any cracks, try to follow it to see where it ends.  A crack that goes all the way around a stone is in danger of breaking during the carving process.  Tap larger stone blocks with a hammer or the back of a chisel.  If the block makes a "ringing" sound, there is a higher chance that your stone is solid in the area you are hitting it.  If it gives off a dead "thud" and no ring, chances are there is a crack that is absorbing the energy of the tap. Ask an experienced carver or a store employee to help you find a sturdy stone to work with.  If you are a beginner and do not have experience judging the integrity of a stone, acquire your stone from a stone carving supplier instead of a stone yard.
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One-sentence summary --
Choose soapstone if you are a beginner and have few tools for carving. Buy alabaster for the best combination of durability and malleability. Avoid very hard stones like granite and marble. Pick a slab of stone that is much larger than your intended sculpture. Inspect your stone for cracks and fissures.