Summarize the following:
You can request reconsideration of an immigrant visa application within one year after being refused. You do not have to complete a new application or pay another fee. However, if you wait more than a year, then you will. Reconsideration is not available if your nonimmigrant visa application was rejected. Instead, you would need to submit a new application. You might receive what is called a “soft refusal.” This is different from a “hard denial.” Instead, a “soft refusal” is really a request for additional information. For example, you may need to provide the following:  tax information or documents confirmation that you received a job offer affidavit of financial support proof of local employment court records or police certificates If you receive a hard denial, then you will need to present either a Motion to Reconsider or a Motion to Reopen in order to proceed. A motion is a professional document, and you will need a lawyer’s help to draft it. You should move quickly. You typically must file this motion within 30 days of the denial.  You should find a lawyer who practices in the immigration field and who has experience dealing with reconsideration of U.S. immigrant visa applications. A motion is not appropriate in all situations. Your lawyer should analyze your case to determine whether reconsideration is appropriate. Your lawyer will draft the motion and submit it to the United States Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) or other appropriate office. You should receive a decision on any motion you file within 90 days of submitting it. However, given how busy USCIS is, you might need to wait longer. Stay in contact with your lawyer to discuss how the case is proceeding and whether there is anything else that you need to do. If you lose your motion to reopen or motion to reconsider, then you should talk with your lawyer about what next steps to take. You may be able to bring another appeal to the Administrative Appeals Office at USCIS.

summary: Avoid delay. Provide additional information, if necessary. Hire a lawyer. Submit your motion. Consider next steps.


Summarize the following:
The tongue's unique texture and large surface area makes it host to millions of bacteria, which can travel to the teeth and gums and cause cavities and gingivitis.  The teeth gather plenty of bacteria themselves, but unlike the teeth, the tongue is not a smooth surface. It follows that even more bacteria accumulate in the taste-buds and small pits on the tongue.  Just rinsing the mouth with water is insufficient to remove the bacteria on the tongue, primarily because the bacteria gather in what is called a "biofilm"-- a sticky, gooey, living layer of bacteria. It must be disrupted by rubbing or scraping to fully remove it. The bacteria that live on the tongue cause a chemical reaction that produces volatile sulfur compounds, which results in bad breath.  Tongue brushing can also remove traces of odorous foods like garlic and onions, which can also improve your breath. Many people with bad breath are not aware that they have it. Its a good idea to practice good oral hygiene, including regularly cleaning the tongue, in order to reduce the chance that you are one of them. Certain foods and health conditions can cause a colored or filmy appearance on the surface of the tongue. Brushing the tongue can eliminate this problem.  Foods containing dyes like cupcakes, lollipops, or popsicles can temporarily dye the surface of the tongue. Brushing the tongue can reduce the coloration of the tongue, making it less noticeable to others. Some illnesses like oral thrush or syphilis can cause a buildup of bacteria or fungi on the tongue that cause a filmy, white appearance. In some cases, the white film cannot be brushed off. Be sure that you see your doctor if you suspect that your filmy tongue is caused by an illness.  Certain medications like antibiotics or Pepto-Bismol as well as certain illnesses can also cause a startling discoloration of the tongue called "black hairy tongue," which is caused by an overgrowth of yeast in the mouth. The condition is not serious and the discoloration can be brushed off with a toothbrush or washcloth, although it might be a good idea to see your doctor to determine the cause.

summary: Prevent bacteria build-up. Prevent bad breath. Prevent discoloration.


Summarize the following:
The turn signal is a long lever, usually black or gray in color. When moved up or down, this lever will cause a light on either the left or right side of your car to flash. To signal a left turn, wait until you are approximately 30 yards from the corner around which you intend to turn. Ensure you are in the left-turn lane, then push the turn signal lever down gently with your left hand.  When the turn signal locks in place, you’ll be able to see a flashing arrow directed to the left on your instrument cluster. You’ll also hear a tick-tock sound which clicks in time with the flashing of the light. This indicates that the signal is operating properly. Return your hand to the steering wheel and continue driving.  Keep your right hand on the wheel while flicking the signal lever down with your left hand. Turn on the signal before braking to let other drivers know why you are slowing. To signal a right turn, wait until you are within about 30 yards of the corner you wish to round.  Ensure you are in the right-turn lane, then move the lever up with your left hand. The series of events which follow are similar to those which occur when making a signal to turn towards the left. Normally, the signal will automatically turn off after you have completed the turn, but if the turn was less than 90 degrees, the signal may not turn off. Check the indicator panel above and just behind your steering wheel. Listen for the rhythmic tick-tock sound of the signal blinking on and off.  If you see the indicator light blinking or hear the signal sound, reach over to the signal lever with your left hand and gently move it to the “off” position. Failing to turn your turn signal off after you have completed a turn can be illegal and cause confusion for other drivers. Some traffic lanes are reserved for left or right turns only. While it might seem unnecessary to indicate you’re turning when it should be obvious based on the lane you’re in, use the turn signal anyway. Drivers who are not familiar with the area or who cannot see the signs due to multiple vehicles ahead of them in the lane will appreciate the indication as to where you are headed, and could clue them into the fact that your lane is for turning in a given direction. Only activate your turn signal when there are no intervening streets or alleys between you and the place you wish to turn. If you turn your signal on too soon, someone might think you are turning into a parking lot or down a street which you actually are not. This confusion could lead to an accident or to you being cut off.
summary: Locate the lever on the left side of the steering column. Use the turn signal to indicate a turn to the left. Indicate a right-hand turn with the turn signal. Ensure your turn signal turns off after your turn has been completed. Signal your turn even if you are in a turning lane. Don’t turn your turn signal on too soon.