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The next time you're out for a stroll, see how many new plants you can spot. Get a photo and jot down a short description of the most common species, then look up the names to assign to their general characteristics. You can gradually expand your knowledge of regional greenery to include species in neighboring areas and rare seasonal offshoots.  Before you can rattle off the names of plants growing halfway around the world, you should make an effort to familiarize yourself with those that are found where you live. It's also a good idea to brush up on the nicknames of common local plants, as you're more likely to encounter these than their more technical Latin names. If you're at a national park, arboretum, or wilderness preserve, keep an eye out for small signs displaying the names of prominent plants. These signs will typically include additional contextual information, such as the species' preferred growing conditions and history in the area. They may be just what you need to satisfy your curiosity on the spot. Floral factoids are also frequently found on placards along hiking trails and at scenic landmarks. If you're serious about continuing your quest for knowledge, sign up for a class or two at a nearby university or community college. In an academic setting, you'll be able to examine a wide range of specimens up close, follow growth and reproductive cycles, and learn the fundamentals of classification and taxonomy. Guided instruction can lend you a deeper understanding of the biological differences that determine a plant's appearance.  You may be able to audit classes like introductory botany, horticulture, and principles of gardening if your time or money is limited. Some schools offer specialized self-study courses online for as little as $50-100 per unit. Distance learning is perfect for those who are interested in progressing at their own leisure.
Teach yourself to recognize local flora. Look for plaques when you're in natural areas. Take a botany course to receive a formal education on plants.