Problem: Article: Use an electric mixer to beat the butter and sugar together at medium speed.  The butter and sugar should be fluffy and well-combined. Make sure to use softened, room temperature butter when starting. Mix the ingredients in a medium bowl. Add these ingredients to the butter mixture and stir with a mixing spoon until thoroughly combined. Add the vanilla and salt to taste. Since there are no eggs in this recipe, you can add these two ingredients slowly and taste after each addition. Stop once you achieve a flavor you enjoy. Add the chips to the dough and mix well with a mixing spoon until evenly distributed. At this point, the dough will still be fairly thick. Add cold water to the dough 1 Tbsp (15 ml) at a time, stirring well after each addition to incorporate it. Continue adding water until the dough reaches standard dough consistency. If you plan to add the dough in chunks to ice cream or other desserts, use less water for a stiffer dough. For a dough you can enjoy by the spoonful, add more water. Since this dough is eggless, it should be enjoyed raw and is best when served immediately. To save the dough, place it in a resealable glass or plastic container and refrigerate it for up to 1 week.
Summary: Cream the butter and sugar together. Add the flour, salt, and vanilla. Stir in the chocolate chips. Slowly add water to the dough. Enjoy now or save for later. Finished.

Problem: Article: You need the results of your two prior calculations.  First you need to know the present value of the principal of the bond.  Also, you need to know the present value of the interest payments.  Finally, you need to know the face value of the bond.  Using the above example, the present value of the principal is $279,200. The present value of the interest payments is $184,002. The bond's face value is $500,000. This tells you the price for which you should offer the bond.  It is based on the current market interest rate.  It is the sum of the present value of the principal plus the present value of the interest payments. Using the above example, the bond's market price is $279,200+$184,002=$463,202{\displaystyle \$279,200+\$184,002=\$463,202}. Compare the bond's market price which you just calculated with the bond's face value.  In the example above, the bond's market price is lower than the face value.  Therefore, the bond will be offered at a discount.   $500,000−$462,202=$36,798{\displaystyle \$500,000-\$462,202=\$36,798}. The bond discount is $36,798. This tells your the percentage, or rate, at which you are discounting the bond.  Divide the amount of the discount by the face value of the bond.  Using the above example, divide $36,798 by $500,000.  $36,798/$500,000=.073596{\displaystyle \$36,798/\$500,000=.073596} The discount rate for the bond is 7.36 percent. If the market price is lower than the calculated discounted bond value, then you can consider the bond a good buy. If the market price is higher than the calculated bond, then you might want to hold off.
Summary: Gather the information. Calculate the bond's market price. Calculate the bond discount. Calculate the bond discount rate. Compare the calculated discounted bond value with the market price.

Problem: Article: Before you dive into your research, make sure you get the okay from the subject to write their biography. Ask them if they are willing to be the subject. Getting their permission will make writing the biography much easier and ensure they are open with information about their life.  If the subject does not give you permission to write the biography, you may want to choose a different subject. If you decide to publish the biography without the subject’s permission, you may be susceptible to legal action by the subject. If the subject is no longer alive, you obviously do not need to ask permission to write about them. Primary sources could include books, letters, pictures, newspapers and newspaper clippings, magazines, internet articles, journals, videos, interviews, existing biographies, or an autobiography by the subject. Look for these sources at your local library or online. Read as much as you can about the subject and highlight any key information you come across in your sources. You may create research questions to help focus your research of the subject, such as, What do I find interesting about the subject? Why is this subject important to readers? What can I say that is new about the subject? What would I like to learn more about? Interviewing people will breath life into your research--people you interview can tell you stories that you can’t find in a history book. Interview the subject as well as people close to them, such as spouses, friends, business partners, family members, coworkers, and peers. Conduct the interview in person, by phone, or through e-mail.  For in person interviews, record them with a tape recorder or a voice recorder on your computer or phone. You may need to interview the subject and others several times to get the material you need. To get a feel for the subject’s history, spend time in locations and areas that are meaningful or important to the subject. This could be the subject’s childhood home or neighborhood. You could also visit the subject’s workplace and regular hang out spots. You may also want to visit areas where the subject made a major decision or breakthrough in their life. Being physically in the area can give you a sense of how the subject might have felt and help you write their experiences more effectively. Contextualize the subject’s life by looking at what was going on around them. Consider the time period they grew up in as well as the history of the places where they lived. Do research on the economics, politics, and culture of their time period. Look at the news events happening in the place where they lived or worked. When researching the time period ask yourself: What were the social norms of that time? What was going on economically and politically? How did the social and political climate affect the subject? To help you organize your research, make a timeline of the person’s entire life, starting from birth. Draw a long line on a piece of paper and fill in as much of the person’s life as you can. Highlight key events or moments on the timeline. Include important dates, locations, and names. You may also include historical events or moments that affected the subject on the timeline. For example, maybe there was a conflict or civil war that happened during the person’s life that affected their life.
Summary: Ask the subject for permission to write the biography. Look for primary sources about the subject. Conduct interviews with the subject and those close to them. Visit locations that are important to the subject. Study the time and place of the subject’s life. Make a timeline of the person’s life.

Problem: Article: Use a drill with a long bit to punch holes in the corners of your outline. Drill all the way through the interior wall and out through the exterior wall of your house.  These holes in the outside wall should line up exactly with the ones inside, allowing you to install a duct cap outside that will line up perfectly with your interior ductwork. If your stove is positioned against an interior wall, you will need to install additional ducting to create a vent to the outside.  The duct can go up through the cabinets and between ceiling joists, and then out through the nearest exterior wall.  However you position your duct, make certain it ultimately leads outdoors. Never create a ventilation duct that ends in your attic or anywhere else inside your home. This can create serious mold problems. Using a drywall saw, cut along the outline you drew on the wall, moving from one drill hole to the next. Drilling a hole in the outline for the electrical wiring will make it easier to cut out. Pull at least 12 inches of wiring through the wiring hole to wire up your hood. Go outside your house and find the locator holes on the side of the building. Use them to draw an outline for your exterior vent hole, then cut through the siding to create the hole Use a reciprocating saw, saber saw, or keyhole saw to cut all the way through, from the exterior to the interior. Remove any loose insulation or other debris that might get in the way of your duct.
Summary:
Drill locator holes. Cut out the vent and wiring holes. Pull the wiring through. Cut an exterior vent hole.