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Water it seasonally. Use a high-phosphorous fertilizer. Prune if needed. Control insects. Move it inside for winter. Take cuttings or collect seeds to propagate. Repot when the roots have filled their container.
A plumeria should be watered frequently, at least once a week, when it is in bloom from March/April to November/December. Stop watering your plumeria when its leaves begin to drop, and do not water it when it is dormant or first rooting. Overwatering a plumeria is a big hazard to the plant. To ensure that it isn’t overwatered, allow its soil to fully dry in between waterings. When watering it, add enough water to moisten the soil, but it should never puddle on top. The amount of water will vary depending on the size of the plant. When the plumeria is in bloom, add a high-phosphorous fertilizer twice a month, such as 10-30-10 (the middle number is phosphorous). Dilute the fertilizer by adding 1-2 tsp per gallon of water. Then apply enough of the solution to moisten the soil. No fertilizer or care is required during the dormant season during winter months. Plumerias do not often need to be pruned, but if the branches start getting very long, you can prune it in late-winter. Simply cut the branches back by 1/3. This will improve the plant's health and help it to grow better. Certain insects can damage plumerias, such as mites, flies, or aphids. If you notice insects on your plumeria, apply a horticultural oil or insecticide like malathion to its leaves. It may require more than one application to effectively combat insects. Be sure to follow the directions on the insecticide for best results. If your plumeria is in a container outside, move it inside for winter. You can store it in the garage or basement as long as they do not get colder than 55 degrees Fahrenheit (about 13 degrees Celsius). The plumeria must be kept dry and warm during its dormant season. They can survive without sunlight over the winter, but will do better next season if they were stored in light. You can use fluorescent lights if your garage or basement doesn’t have windows. In spring or fall, cut the stem tips one to two feet long and allow them to sit for at least two weeks before planting. You can take seeds when the pod splits open. Be sure to keep them dry until you are ready to plant them. Dry seeds last for about three months. If your plumeria has outgrown its container, it is time to  move it to the next size pot. For example, if it is currently in a 1-gallon pot, you could move it to a 2.5-gallon pot. A plumeria will only grow larger if its roots have room to grow. If the plumeria is too big to repot, you can simply remove the top few inches of soil and add fresh soil on top.