Article: Some forms of denaturation are permanent, while others can be undone. Cooking an egg or meat, for example, cannot be undone, but a protein that has been exposed to a high pH may regain shape when put in a more neutral environment. Whether or not the protein can refold will depend on its DNA. The DNA will hold the information needed for the protein to return to its native state. Return the environment around the protein to stasis and remove the denaturing element. Remove the acid or base, for example, or bring the protein back to a more reasonable temperature. Many laboratory supplies companies sell renaturation kits that allow you to screen for the best parameters to encourage renaturation. Such kits can be especially helpful if you are looking at proteins in a laboratory or experimental setting.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Determine if a protein can refold. Remove the denaturing factor. Use a renaturation kit.
Article: Some people who have difficulty speaking, such as people with cerebral palsy and some autistic people, are on average just as smart as anyone else. A disability accent, slow speech, or halting speech doesn't always mean an intellectual disability.  People who can't speak can be of any intelligence level. Body language does not relate to intelligence either. Looking away while listening, and fidgeting constantly, are typical autistic traits. Don't assume that this means they aren't paying close attention, or that they can't understand. Disabled people may do things that society considers unusual: making sounds, flopping to the ground when frustrated, flapping their hands, running in circles, echoing phrases, pacing constantly, and more. This behavior serves a purpose—calming themselves down, communicating their needs, expressing feelings, or simply having fun. Recognize that it's okay to be different, and that there's no need to worry about behavior that doesn't hurt anyone.  Don't try to stop them from doing harmless-but-odd things. These things may be crucial for them to stay calm and relate to the world. If they are causing harm (like hurting someone or invading personal space), nicely ask them to do something different, like "I don't want people playing with my hair. Could you play with your own hair instead?" Someone who needs little help today might need more help tomorrow. Stress, sensory overload, lack of sleep, how hard they pushed themselves earlier, and other factors can determine how easy it is for someone to communicate and perform other tasks. If they are having a harder time today than they did yesterday, remember that they aren't doing this on purpose, and work on being patient. People with intellectual and developmental disabilities may not word things in the same way as people without disabilities. Their wording might not make sense to you. Instead, ask them questions to clarify what they're trying to say.   For example, if your friend asks "Where's the thing?" then ask questions about what type of thing they mean (a little thing? what color? a cell phone?). Sometimes, they might be searching for a word. For example, if they're asking about food, and there are many types of food, then start narrowing it down. Maybe they're saying "food" when they want to ask about strawberries. It's absolutely okay to ask "How can I accommodate you?" or "Are there any parts of your disability that I should be aware of?" Most people would rather have you ask them than assume who they are or what they need. As long as you're well-meaning and respectful, it'll be fine.  If you want to know how to handle a specific situation, ask them. For example, "I notice that sometimes when we meet new people, they have a hard time understanding you, and you can be left out. How do you want me to handle this?" When speaking to a person who has a disability accent, some people ask "what did you say?" once and then let their eyes glaze over and pretend to listen. The person can usually tell when you aren't paying attention. Keep trying to connect. Make it clear that what they have to say is important to you.   A useful phrase is "I'm having trouble understanding you, but I care about what you're saying." If verbal communication is too hard, try texting, typing on a tablet, writing, using sign language (if you know it), or another form of alternative communication. Work with them to figure out what is best. Ask about their day, their favorite book or TV show, their interests, their pets, or their family and friends. This will help you get to know them, and you might make a new friend!
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Don't assume that someone has an intellectual disability based on the ease of their speech. Accept their quirks. Recognize that ability varies from day to day. Ask questions if you don't understand their wording. If you don't know, ask. Don't give up on them. Find conversation topics that interest them.
Article: If the girl you’ve started chatting with is a stranger to you (or someone that you barely know), it’s important to find topics that you and her both have in common. For example, maybe you both go to the same school, live in the same neighborhood, or both study the same subject. Finding these commonalities will make further conversation more interesting. For example, ask:  “What part of the state did you grow up in?” “What’s your major in college?” Pay attention during your conversation, and note which types of topics the girl seems to enjoy most, or which she expresses an interest in. Then, bring these up again later to continue the conversation and learn more about the girl.  For example, if you know that she likes art, you could deliberately steer the conversation towards famous painters. Or, if the girl mentions an interest in soccer, bring up your own favorite soccer players or teams. The girl you’re speaking to will not enjoy the conversation if her only answers to your questions are “yes” or “no,” as these answers can quickly become repetitive or boring.  Instead, come up with some questions that ask her about her past or make her think, and that will result in a longer, more complex answer. Try asking something like:  “What movie or book character are you most like?” “What are some of your irrational pet peeves?” “What is an unusual fear or phobia that you have?” If you’re in the early stages of chatting with a girl and looking for ways to continue the chat, do not bring up topics that could lead to serious disagreement. Don’t make the girl uncomfortable with probing questions about her exes or past relationships, and also avoid sharing strong opinions on politics. Of course, if you and this girl end up getting to know one another better, these types of topics can lead to important and serious conversation.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Find some common ground. Discuss topics that she likes. Ask questions that require more than a yes or no answer. Avoid controversial or sensitive topics.