To provide a complete MLA citation, you must provide the author of the file and the page number of your reference (when possible). If the author is mentioned in the statement, just put the page number in the parentheses: According to Spiers, college has become too expensive (48). Otherwise, use a parenthetical with both the name and the page number at the end of the sentence or quotation: Some argue that college has become too expensive (Spiers 48).  If there are two authors, put both last names in parentheses with "and" in the middle followed by the page number: Dogs have evolved alongside humans (Draper and Simpson 68). If there are more than two authors, use commas to separate the authors’ last names followed by the page number: Embroidery should be considered  a “fine art form” (Kozinsky, King, and Chappell 56). If no author is listed, use the institution’s name: Dinosaurs became extinct millions of years ago (Smithsonian 21). If no institution is credited, just start the citation with the title of the piece: According to experts, energy drinks should not be over consumed (“Impact of caffeine consumption” 102). MLA in-line citations should not indicate whether or not your source is in a PDF file. In all of these scenarios, the parenthetical citation goes before the final punctuation of the sentence. Some ebooks and PDF files have fixed page numbers, where the page numbers don’t change depending on your display. If your document has fixed page numbers, use them.. If there are no page numbers, do not try to give them. You can cite by chapter or section instead.  For example, to cite a PDF without page numbers that is divided into sections, you can cite it by section: According to Blankenship, caffeine intake should be limited to 200mg per day (ch. 2). If the PDF or ebook is not divided into any identifiable sections, cite the file as a whole and do not give page numbers: Blankenship’s study on caffeine consumption, “Too Jittery, Joe?” suggests that caffeine intake should be limited to 200mg per day. in MLA bibliographic format. According to MLA guidelines, you should indicate the type of electronic file you have accessed for ebooks, such as “PDF file” or “Kindle file.”  The basic format is: Author’s last name, Author’s first name. ‘’Book Title’’. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. Ebook publisher, Year of Ebook publication. File type. For example: Smith, John. The Fantastic Novel. London: Great Publishing House, 2010. Google Books, 2011. PDF file. 1 December 2012. If your ebook is not a PDF file, cite the file type you have. For example: Smith, John. The Fantastic Novel. London: Great Publishing House, 2010. Kindle file. In your works cited page, cite journal articles you access from an online database by giving the publication information just as you would for articles in print. This is followed by the name of the online database where you found the article and the medium (Web), as well as the date you accessed the file.  The basic format is: Author’s last name, Author’s first name. “Article title.” Journal Title Volume number.Issue number (Date of publication): page numbers. Database name. Medium. Date of access. For example: Doe, Jane. “Interesting Citation Article.” Journal of Citation Information 4.7 (2006): 82-5. Academic Access Premier. Web. 20 November 2012. Some academic journals are now available only online and do not provide PDFs with pagination. If your PDF is from an online-only journal and does not have page numbers, follow the basic model for your works cited page but add the words “n. pag.” in place of page numbers. For example: Doe, Jane. “Interesting Citation Article.” Online Journal of Citation Information 4.7 (2006): n.pag. Web. 20 November 2012.
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One-sentence summary -- Look for the author. Look for page numbers. Cite ebook PDFs Cite journal article PDFs in MLA bibliographic format. Note whether the journal article is from an online-only journal.

Q: To soften the platform at the front of the shoe that supports the toes, gently step on it with the heel of your foot. Softening the box will increase the comfort of wearing pointe shoes. While some professionals slam the box in a doorway, steer clear from this method. Softening it this way could break the box (or your fingers!) if not done correctly. Using your hands, massage the sides of the toe box to soften it. This will make the box more supple, allowing for a more comfortable dancing experience. If there are still some parts of the box that are giving you trouble, use a small amount of water or rubbing alcohol to help soften the area. Using too much water or rubbing alcohol can result in ruined shoes.
A: Step on the box. Massage the toe box gently. Apply a little water or rubbing alcohol on the exterior of the shoe.

Article: If your infant’s eczema started up after you switched to a new brand, product, or fragrance of wipes, lotion, soap, detergent, or clothing, they could be allergic to it. Try to identify any new items in your baby’s environment and take them away to see if that helps. Tobacco smoke, dry air, pet dander, and pollen can all be triggers as well. Products with a lot of ingredients or fragrances in them can be triggers for eczema. Look for wipes, soaps, laundry detergents, and lotions or creams that say “fragrance-free” on them to avoid making your baby’s eczema worse. Products like these are often labeled “free” or “clear.” Eczema is irritated by scratching or itching. Use some infant nail clippers to keep your baby’s nails short so they don’t accidentally cause their eczema to flare up or get worse. You can also keep your own nails short to prevent accidentally scratching your infant when you change or hold them. Eczema can be triggered by extreme temperatures and humidity. Try to keep your home around 65 °F (18 °C) as often as you can, and use a dehumidifier if you live in a humid environment.  Try to keep the humidity in your home around 25% in the summer and 50% in the winter.  Air conditioners also greatly reduce the moisture in the air. Try not to overdress your baby when it’s cold out, as sweat can also trigger eczema.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Identify and remove any potential triggers that could be causing the eczema. Use mild, fragrance-free wipes, detergents, and lotions. Cut your baby’s nails so they don’t scratch themselves. Keep your environment cool and dry.

Article: Double-click the Excel document that you want to open. It's at the top of the Excel window. A toolbar will appear below the Review tab. It's on the right side of the Review tab's toolbar. Doing so will open a new window. If you want to password-protect all pages in the Excel workbook, click Protect Workbook' instead. Type your preferred password into the "Password" text field. When the "Verify" text box appears, re-type your password into it. Your password entries must match each other. It's at the bottom of the window. This will close the password window. Press ⌘ Command+S to do so. Your PowerPoint presentation will now require a password in order to open. Your document will remain encrypted if you send it to someone, so they'll need to know the password in order to open the document.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Open a Microsoft Excel document. Click the Review tab. Click Protect Sheet. Enter a password. Re-enter your password. Click OK. Save your changes.