Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Fertilize only if a soil test determines that nutrients are lacking. Prune the branches as they approach other trees or structures.

Answer: You can purchase a nutrient test to determine if your soil is lacking any necessary nutrients for a healthy tree. If you do fertilize, use only a slow-release fertilizer and don't apply the fertilizer after August. Birch trees can grow 40 to 60 feet (12.2 to 18.3 m) (12 to 18 m) tall, with a canopy spread of 20 to 25 feet (6.1 to 7.6 m) (6 to 7 m). As you see the branches growing toward other trees, buildings, or power lines, prune them back with pruning shears to avoid entanglement.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Open Microsoft Excel. Create a new document. Determine both your smallest and your largest data points. Determine how many bin numbers you should have. Determine your bin numbers. Add your data in column A. Add your bin numbers in column C if you're on a Mac.

Answer: Its app icon resembles a white "X" on a green background. You should see the Excel workbook page open. On a Mac, this step may open a new, blank Excel sheet. If so, skip the next step. Click Blank workbook in the upper-left corner of the window (Windows), or click File and then click New Workbook (Mac). This is important in helping figure out what your bin numbers should be and how many you should have. For example, if your data range stretches from 17 to 225, your smallest data point would be 17 and the largest would be 225. Bin numbers are what sort your data into groups in the histogram. The easiest way to come up with bin numbers is by dividing your largest data point (e.g., 225) by the number of points of data in your chart (e.g., 10) and then rounding up or down to the nearest whole number, though you rarely want to have more than 20 or less than 10 numbers. You can use a formula to help if you're stuck:   Sturge's Rule - The formula for this rule is K = 1 + 3.322 * log(N) where K is the number of bin numbers and N is the number of data points; once you solve for K, you'll round up or down to the nearest whole number. Sturge's Rule is best used for linear or "clean" sets of data.  Rice's Rule - The formula for this rule is cube root (number of data points) * 2 (for a data set with 200 points, you would find the cube root of 200 and then multiply that number by 2). This formula is best used for erratic or inconsistent data. Now that you know how many bin numbers you have, it's up to you to figure out the most even distribution. Bin numbers should increase in a linear fashion while including both the lowest and the highest data points.  For example, if you were creating bin numbers for a histogram documenting test scores, you would most likely want to use increments of 10 to represent the different grading brackets. (e.g., 59, 69, 79, 89, 99). Increasing in sets of 10s, 20s, or even 100s is fairly standard for bin numbers. If you have extreme outliers, you can either leave them out of your bin number range or tailor your bin number range to be low/high enough to include them. Type each data point into its own cell in column A. For example, if you have 40 pieces of data, you would add each piece to cells A1 through A40, respectively. Starting in cell C1 and working down, type in each of your bin numbers. Once you've completed this step, you can proceed with actually creating the histogram. You'll skip this step on a Windows computer.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Make a parallax correction using your Nautical Almanac.

Answer: Parallax refers to the apparent difference in position of an observed object depending on your vantage point. The right parallax correction depends on which celestial body you’re observing (i.e., the sun, the moon, or a planet) and the altitude you observed. Check the parallax correction tables on page A2 of your Nautical Almanac. Add the parallax correction after adjusting for index error, dip, refraction, and semi-diameter to get the true altitude of your observed object. The parallax correction accounts for the difference between your vantage point on the surface of the Earth and what you would see from the center of the Earth. The combined correction for parallax, semi-diameter, and refraction is known as the “third correction.” For example, if your observed altitude for the sun was 38° 10.60’ and you made your observation in April, you might make your corrections as follows:  38° 10.60’ + 1.2’ (index error) = 38° 11.8' 38° 11.8' - 9.16’ (dip) = 38° 2.64’ 38° 2.64’ - 1.1’ (refraction) = 38° 1.54’ 38° 1.54’ + 15.9’ (semi-diameter) = 38° 17.44’ 38° 17.44’ + 0.1’ (parallax) = 38° 17.45’ (true altitude)


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Ask a colleague to keep you accountable when you procrastinate. Focus Set limits on conversations with your colleagues. Adjust to changes in small increments over time. Exercise during your work day in order to stay healthy and focused. Avoid little time wasters like group chats or social media. Be assertive and say “no” when you’re asked to do too much.

Answer:
Changing bad habits at work can be hard, but it’ll be a lot easier if you enlist a coworker that you’re close with to help you. In order to avoid procrastination, encourage your partner to remind you of your responsibilities and keep you on task. Tell them to call you out when they see you being unproductive or wasting time. They may notice certain patterns or behaviors that you aren’t even aware of. Don’t ask for help from a coworker that works in a different part of the building than you. If they aren’t around you for most of the day, how are they going to help? on one task at a time to avoid losing momentum. Even if you think of yourself as a diligent multitasker, the odds are high that you’re going to be more productive throughout the course of the day if you generally complete one thing at a time. If you have a lot of work on your desk or work space, start storing it in drawers or cabinets so that you aren’t tempted to move back and forth between tasks. A clean desk is an excellent way to remove distractions. You can’t be tempted to multitask if the other tasks aren’t even there! If you find yourself constantly socializing at the office, a good way of changing this habit is to announce how little time you have to talk at the beginning of a conversation. When a coworker approaches you, explain that you only have 5 minutes before you need to get back to something. Be honest. Say, “I don’t want to chat for too long because I’ll fall behind in my work.” People will respect your openness and desire to stay focused. If you try to change everything about the way you work all at once, it’s probably not going to stick. Focus on one element of your work day and start there. Start by changing your habits surrounding one thing, and improve slowly over time before trying to make another new habit stick. Physical exercise will give your brain a break and refresh your body. Even if it’s something small, like doing a few push-ups or jumping jacks, try to find a way to work some physical activity into your work day. Mid to late-afternoon is a good time for a little exercise, since it’ll help carry you through to the end of your day. Exercise is also good for you! It’ll help you lose weight, get better sleep at night, and keep you in a positive mood throughout the day. Twitter, Facebook, and Instagram will absolutely destroy your attention span at work if you check them consistently. Too much time on your phone will keep you from completing time-intensive tasks. Keep your phone in your pocket at work and set limits on how much time you spend looking at screens during your breaks. If you’re using a computer all day, consider blocking social media websites so that you can’t even view them. Having a ton of extra work piled on your desk can kill your schedule, eat through your day, and overwhelm you. Practice saying “no” when asked to do additional work that you simply don’t have time for. Be polite. You can calmly explain that you’ve already got a lot of work ahead of you.