If you've fainted with no known cause, it is very important to see a physician about the problem. Your doctor will help you to find the cause of your fainting and hopefully rule out any serious heart or nervous system disorders. If the episodes are caused by an underlying medical issue, it may be treatable. Treatment may eliminate your fainting spells entirely. Your doctor may have diagnosed you with vasovagal syncope. This is the most common type of fainting, especially in otherwise healthy individuals. In vasovagal syncope, fainting is triggered by certain stimuli that vary from person to person.  Think about what you were doing each time you either fainted or felt like you were about to faint. If your trigger is a situation you can avoid, such as dehydration or the sight of blood, try not to put yourself at risk again. If your trigger is something unavoidable, try to find a way to prevent the drop in blood pressure. Your doctor may have some solutions. For example, some people faint when having blood drawn. If this is your trigger, tell your phlebotomist. He or she will likely have a protocol to prevent fainting that likely includes some way of keeping your legs elevated. When you encounter presyncope, attempt to lie down instead of falling. From a horizontal position, your body is better equipped to recover from fainting. Lying down makes it much easier for your heart to pump much-needed blood back to your head. Keeping your legs elevated is the easiest way to prevent blood from pooling in your feet, decreasing blood flow to your brain. This will shorten the fainting episode and possibly prevent it altogether. Sitting down with your head lowered between your knees will have the same effect.
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One-sentence summary -- Talk to a doctor. Discover and avoid your triggers. Lie down if you can. Elevate your legs if you can.

Q: Washing your face twice per day and any time that you get sweaty or dirty can help to prevent acne as well. Use a gentle, cleanser for your skin and follow up cleansing with a moisturizer.   Select non-comedogenic products for your skin. Products labeled as non-comedogenic will not clog your pores, so they are less likely to cause acne.   Steer clear of products that contain alcohol. Alcohol can irritate your skin, which may make acne look worse.  Look for cleansers that contain salicylic acid. Cleansers that contain salicylic acid may help to prevent acne, but keep in mind that you have to use these products regularly to see an improvement. When you wash your face, always use your fingertips to apply the cleanser to wet skin. Do not use a washcloth, sponge, or any other harsh cleansing tools. These tools may cause irritation, which can cause irritation and may also make acne worse. It is also important to avoid scrubbing because it can scar your skin. When you wash your face, make sure that you rinse it with lukewarm water. Do not use hot or cold water because these temperatures may irritate your skin. Instead, use water that is lukewarm to gently rinse away dirt and debris. Following cleansing, dry off your face with a clean cotton towel by using a gentle patting motion. Do not rub your face because this may irritate the skin and cause acne to look worse.
A: Wash your face twice per day. Apply cleanser with your fingertips. Rinse your face with lukewarm water. Pat dry with a clean towel.

Article: When questions and conflicts arise in the relationships between sovereign nations, they are solved under the rules of public international law. This body of law consists of the treaties and legal decisions interpreting those treaties.  International law assumes that all the parties, as sovereign states, are equals. Conflicts arising under public international law can be settled either through diplomatic negotiations or in the International Court of Justice. This is the court of the United Nations. Fifteen judges, elected by the UN General Assembly, use international legal precedent to issue advisory opinions and solve legal disputes between governments.  The International Court of Justice has jurisdiction in two types of cases. The first is where the two countries agree to submit the conflict to the court. The second is when a treaty specifies the court as the legal authority over disputes. When citizens of different states have a legal dispute, there is often a question about what law applies. This choice of law question in civil issues, ranging from contracts to family law, is discussed in the Hague Conference on Private International Law. In general, courts will first defer to any contract or agreement clauses that identify what courts will have jurisdiction. In the absence of explicit choice of law language, the court will look to the overall circumstances of the contract, the behavior of the parties in creating the contract (called parol evidence) and if the parties can agree on jurisdiction. The customary international law is codified in the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties. Under this custom, states consistently adhere to certain practices out historical and legal obligation.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Understand the concept of public international law. Differentiate private international law from public. Review the sources of international law.