Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Draw a circle. Cut that circle in half. Cut the circle into four equal pieces. Cut the circle into eight equal pieces.

Answer: A good way to visualize fractions is to draw a picture to represent the fraction you are working with. You can start with any shape you would like, but here we will use a circle. Draw a large circle that you will be able to divide into multiple equal parts. The circle itself is not a fraction. It represents the whole number one. Draw a straight line down the middle of the circle dividing it into two equal pieces. You now have a circle that has two parts that make it a whole. When you are dividing shapes to represent fractions, remember to always divide the shape up evenly so you have equal parts. If you shade one part of the circle, you will have shaded ½ of the circle. The other half remains untouched. Now, draw another straight line horizontally across the center of the circle. The circle should now be divided into four equal parts. You can represent this whole circle as 4/4.  If you shade one piece of the circle, you would have ¼ of the circle shaded. If you shade two pieces of the circle, you would have 2/4 of the circle shaded. Note that 2/4 simplifies to ½. You can also see this visually because you have shaded half of the circle even though it is divided into 4 parts. You can continue to divide the circle into as many equal parts as you would like. Adding two more lines through the quarters will give you a circle divided into eight equal parts. Continue shading parts and writing the fraction that represents the shaded area. Remember, for a circle divided into eight parts, the denominator will always be 8; only the numerator will change to represent the shaded regions.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Choose the coin that you want to use for the ring. Collect the tools that you need to complete the project. Center the coin on a piece of scrap wood. Drill your hole through the scrap wood and the coin. Verify that your hole is centered in the coin by using calipers. Hold the coin in a pair of metal tongs and heat it with a blow torch. Slide the coin onto the mandrel. Hammer down the sides of the coin around the mandrel. Slip the ring off of the mandrel and set it on a piece of scrap wood. Apply heat periodically and hammer the wide edge down until you achieve the shape you want. Polish the ring once it has reached the shape and size you desire.

Answer: Small coins, such as pennies and dimes, are not recommended.  To get the hang of making a coin ring, it is recommended to practice with smaller coins, such as nickels, dimes, or pennies. Quarters and half-dollar coins are the most recommended coins due to their size. Be sure to find a coin that is made with 90% silver. Usually, these coins were made prior to 1965. Be sure to work in a space where you can use tools, such as a drill, as they can be loud and messy.  A silver coin A hammer A ring-sizing mandrel (This is a rod that is wider at one end and tapers down to a smaller point. It is used to size rings.) A drill and drill bit Calipers (Similar to a ruler, this is a measuring stick that has moveable arms. The arms are used to measure something, so you expand or narrow them to whatever the object is.) A blow torch (A blow torch is a canister with a long, thin nozzle coming out of the top of it. When it is turned on, a bright blue, very hot flame comes out of the nozzle.) A couple of scrap pieces of wood Metal tongs Protective gloves and goggles If you have a standing drill press, you can center the coin below the drill bit.  Then, put a second piece of scrap wood carefully on top of the ring. Secure it down with vise grips. Do not move the drill bit from its centered position above the coin. Push the drill all the way down through the secured top board and through the coin. Then, lift the drill bit back out. Recommended drill bit sizes are 1/8” and 3/16”. Calipers measure a distance or width, so hold them up to the ring and measure the sides around the hole. It is challenging to recover a coin ring if the hole is off-center. If this is the case, you may need to start over with a new coin. The purpose of this is to make the coin easier to mold and work with.  When you are done heating it, the coin may have blackened. It will likely now look like a black washer. Do not touch the coin with your bare hands until it cools. Wear your protective gloves and goggles while you use the blow torch. You will use the mandrel to hammer the sides of the coin down, so it will only slide so far onto the mandrel for now. Set the tip of the mandrel on a piece of scrap wood to hold it in place. This reduces the risk of the mandrel moving around or jumping while you hit it. Turn the mandrel periodically so that you hit all sides of the coin, flattening it against the mandrel.  The ring will be slightly warped from this, as the mandrel grows in size from one end to the other. Therefore, one side of the ring will be wider than the other. This will be fixed. This will be tedious and time-consuming. Take care while you hit the coin not to damage or scratch it. Make sure that the smaller side of the ring is down on the wood and the wider side it up. This will make it easier for you to shape that edge down to a normal ring shape. The band will thicken as you hammer the wide edge down so that it is flat and the same size as the other side of the ring.  This process will push the metal down, which will slightly alter the ring size. Wear the protective gloves and goggles as you heat the ring again. You can polish the ring with a soft cloth, or you can use a polishing compound and felt finishing tip on a rotary tool. If you use a rotary tool, secure the ring standing up in a vise. Apply the polishing compound to the available side of the ring and polish. Rotate the ring occasionally so that you polish all the way around it. You will have to continue to apply polishing compound as you reach new sections of the ring.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Draw a line around the outside of your lips to quickly increase the size. Apply a lip-plumping lip gloss or lipstick for a quick fix. Layer 2 colors of nude lipstick to get fuller looking lips.

Answer: Instead of lining the edges of your lips, try creating a line around the outer edges of your lips to make them seem bigger. Draw the line about 0.5 cm (0.20 in) from the edges of your lips all the way around them. Then, fill in the lines with a matching color lipstick. Be careful not to make the line too far outside of your lips or it will seem unnatural. You can purchase plumping lip glosses and lipsticks in the beauty section of your local grocery or drug store. Using a lip-plumping gloss will make your lips look fuller instantly, so this is a great strategy of you want to amp up your pout without trying special makeup application tricks. Choose 2 shades of nude lipstick that compliment your skin tone. Apply the darker shade over both of your lips, then apply the lighter shade only in the center 1/3 of each of your lips. Another easy option is to apply a small dab of shimmery lip gloss over a darker colored lipstick right at the center of each of your lips. This will capture the light and draw attention to your lips.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Put a couple of pieces of clear tape on each of the flaps and brim folds on the hat. Try on your hat. Decorate the hat.

Answer:
This will prevent the hat from coming apart.  One piece at the bottom of each flap and one on each side in the middle is probably enough to keep the hat together. You don't want to use too much tape, as this can interfere with decorating the hat. Be careful when putting it on so you don't tear the paper or rip off any of your decorations.   If you measured your head as suggested in Part I, then you should have a hat that fits well. Find where your hat sits comfortably on your head. If the hat is too big, you can use staples to take in the sides. Alternatively, you can undo the folds on the hat, trim the paper to a smaller size, and repeat the folds. You can add whatever decorations you want to the hat, but one of the most common themes on pirate hats is the skull and crossbones design, or "Jolly Roger".  Have fun! Your pirate hat can be decorated with whatever you want! You can draw the "Jolly Roger" on the hat with markers or paint. Alternatively, you could make a stencil of the Jolly Roger with construction paper. Color or paint the hat in your favorite color, add glitter or other craft supplies to the hat for creativity. Let any glue or paint dry before playing with your hat. While you are doing that you could try cutting out an eye patch to match your hat! Have fun wearing your hat for play or for a costume!