Cyberbullying can be the most distressful of all. Bullies have access to their victims 24/7, and the victim can feel like he or she has no peace at all. It can happen to anyone, and can be either someone you know or an anonymous user. If you are suffering from hurtful texts or emails, unwanted images, someone purposefully excluding you online, or even someone logging in to your account and making harmful changes, this is all cyberbullying. It’s particularly difficult to deal with because it can be constant -- attacking you both at school and at home, and can even be someone you might not know. While cyberbullying is not usually illegal, misusing computers in this manner can be. This is what they want you to do. Take a deep breath, stay calm, and step away from your phone or computer. Think about what productive actions you’re going to take next. Talk to a trusted adult about helping you make your next move. Make sure your settings on social media are set to not receive unwanted text and images. Any time you can make your internet presence smaller and more private, do it. Often the painful part of social media is hurtful comments or gossip being spread and seeing this information on others' feeds. You may want to delete your social media accounts for awhile if the bullying gets out of hard or if it starts to have emotionally damaging effects. Sometimes cyberbullying can take the form of getting into your accounts and wreaking havoc. Choose passwords that are random and include letters, numbers, and symbols. Change passwords often and do not share them. If the cyberbully is targeting you through texts and images to your phone, a new number will stop their efforts. Only give your new number to close family and friends and ask them not to pass it on. When you do receive unwanted texts, images, or comments, don’t read or look at them -- send them to someone you trust. They can then put together the documentation you need to present to school authorities or the police. Even if the person bullying you is not at your school, cyberbullying can have a profound and harmful impact on your life, and your teachers should be aware. If it is at your school, teachers and administrators can help you raise awareness of the issue. Also report the bullying to the websites and phone companies through which you are receiving the threats. In this case, you might consider limiting your online presence.

Summary: Protect yourself from cyberbullying. Do not respond to the cyberbully. Block senders that have targeted you. Change your passwords. Get a new phone number. Enlist the help of family and friends. Let your school know. Go to the police if there are extreme threats.


You don't want to make a mess, so it's important to do most of the work before you spit. Gather the liquid or the saliva you're going to spit on top of your tongue to spit it out. Keep your cheeks in tight to your teeth to keep things in one place. Your lips need to be rounded to avoid spritzing your spit or experiencing any gross blowback. Nobody wants reverse fire. To keep it grouped and to keep your spit clean, round your lips as you prepare. Keep your cheeks caved and your lips tight. No drooling. Get it all out at once. Take a breath and quickly blow the spit out from your mouth as quickly as possible. It should stay together if you've done it properly. If you want to spit for distance, you need to arch your neck and put your back into it. As you snap forward, blow your spit out and see how far it goes. Be very careful with your aim. Generally, it's best to spit as close as possible to the ground to avoid making it gross. Bend over at the waist over your receptacle and spit.

Summary: Gather the saliva to the front of your mouth with your tongue. Purse your lips. Blow the spit forcefully from your mouth. Arch your neck backward and snap forward.


If you’re particularly knowledgeable, you can save quite a bit of money buying used. Check with friends or family in the hobby for hand me downs; knowing the previous owner means you’re more likely to get a good deal. You can also find used photo development gear on eBay and Craigslist. Make sure to check the condition of the equipment before buying. If you live near a college, check campus bulletin boards near the end of semesters for ads from students looking to offload supplies. The enlarger is the centerpiece of the darkroom, as well as the most expensive piece of equipment you’ll need to acquire. If you’re new to the hobby, look for an entry level enlarger that’s easy to use and store. Beseler has a line of enlargers aimed at newbies, made for developing 35mm film. These models also come with lenses. Not all enlargers come with a lens, especially at higher price ranges. You’ll get the best deal picking and choosing each article, but this requires a minimum of knowledge. Several companies have complete darkroom kits available; these give you all the equipment you need without having to shop around. Keep in mind that some of these don’t include an enlarger, but will provide you with most of the equipment you’ll need. Developing photographs requires three specific chemical solutions. You’ll need developer, fixer and stop bath. The first two of these can be purchased from photography speciality store, while there are more options for your stop bath. You can either purchase acetic acid, pickling vinegar or a specialized premixed stop bath solution.  Make sure your trays and tongs are clearly marked, as putting chemicals in the wrong tray can contaminate your materials. You’ll also need a water tray close at hand to rinse your developed pictures. These lights provide just enough light to allow you to see your workspace, without compromising your photo paper or chemicals. These lights can get quite expensive, but many photography stores have safelight bulbs available for purchase. This is where the chemical processes involved in photo development takes place. The equipment in this area will include:  Funnel Trays Tongs Film clips (for drying processed film) Graduated Cylinder Chemicals (in their storage bottles) This side of the room will house your enlarger and photo paper. The rest of the equipment here will include:  Film tank and reels Safelight Easel Timer Grain magnifier Optional: Paper cutter used to trim your photo paper. The chemicals used in the development process can be harmful for your skin, especially if you’re planning to spend several hours in your darkroom at a time. As such, make sure to wear latex gloves when handling chemicals. Additionally, a face mask will help protect your respiratory system from the fumes created when you develop your pictures.
Summary: Buy used supplies. Choose your enlarger carefully. Acquire your printing kit. Acquire and arrange your chemicals. Get a safelight. Set up your equipment in the wet side of the darkroom. Equip the dry side of your darkroom. Get the necessary safety equipment.