In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Gardeners should keep in mind that most conifer species, with the exception of yew, cannot survive a severe pruning. Although the green foliage can be trimmed, the brown areas of old growth should be left alone because these places will not regenerate if cut. Some conifers have an area in the center where no foliage grows, but this is normal and not indicative of any problems.  In trees where this is the case, gardeners should avoid pruning into this area because doing so will result in a lopsided tree. The plants will not grow back to cover up the hole.  Therefore, tree trimmers should check the foliage areas before making decisions about which branches to lop off Although wanting to remove the lower branches of a tree is understandable, gardeners who do so may end up with an unsightly specimen when the tree gets taller. Therefore, tree trimmers should exercise restraint and only remove the bottom branches when it becomes absolutely necessary. Evergreens should not be topped, or cut off at a certain height, because this will produce trees that are anything but attractive. Trees that are topped are also at a greater risk for disease and other ailments. Conifers should not be pruned later in the summer or in the fall. Late season pruning can result in new, lush growth that will not have a chance to mature before the cold, damaging winter weather.
Summary: Be aware that most conifer species will not survive a severe pruning. Refrain from pruning into the empty, central area of the tree. Only remove the bottom branches of trees when absolutely necessary. Avoid topping evergreen trees. Do not prune conifer trees too late in the year.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: As is true of any ratio, an algebraic ratio compares two quantities, although in this case variables (letters) have been introduced into one or both terms. You will need to simplify numerical terms (as shown above) as well as any variables when finding a ratio's simplified form.  Example: 18x2:72x{\displaystyle 18x^{2}:72x} Remember that factors can be whole numbers which divide evenly into a given quantity. Look at the numerical values in both terms of the ratio. Write out all factors for both numerical terms in separate lists.  Example: To solve this problem, you will need to find the factors of 18 and 72.  The factors of 18 are: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, 18 The factors of 72 are: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 9, 12, 18, 24, 36, 72 Go through both factor lists and circle, underline, or otherwise identify all of the factors shared by both lists. From this new selection of numbers, identify the highest number. This value is the greatest factor common to both of the numerical terms. Note, however, that this value represents only part of the  greatest common factor within the ratio. (We still have the variables to deal with.)  Example: Both 18 and 72 share several factors: 1, 2, 3, 6, 9, and 18. Of these factors, 18 is the greatest. You should be able to evenly divide both numerical terms by the GCF. Do so now, and write down the whole numbers that you get as a result. These numbers will be part of the final simplified ratio.  Example: Both 18 and 72 are now divided by the factor 18.  1818=1{\displaystyle {\frac {18}{18}}=1} 7218=4{\displaystyle {\frac {72}{18}}=4} Look at the variable in both terms of the ratio. If the same variable appears in both terms, it can be factored out.   If there are exponents (powers) applied to the variable in both terms, deal with them now. If the exponents are the same in both terms, they cancel each other completely. If the exponents are not the same, subtract the smaller exponent from the larger. This completely cancels the variable with the smaller exponent and leaves the other variable with a diminished exponent. Understand that by subtracting one power from the other, you are essentially dividing the larger variable amount by the smaller one.  Example: When examined separately, the ratio of variables was:  x2:x{\displaystyle x^{2}:x}  You can factor out an x{\displaystyle x} from both terms. The power of the first x{\displaystyle x} is 2, and the power of the second x{\displaystyle x} is 1. As such, one x{\displaystyle x} can be factored out from both terms. The first term will be left with one x{\displaystyle x}, and the second term will be left with no x{\displaystyle x}. x(x:1){\displaystyle x(x:1)} x:1{\displaystyle x:1} Combine the GCF of the numerical values with the GCF of the variables to find the full GCF. This GCF is the term that must be factored out of both terms of the ratio.  Example: The greatest common factor in this example is 18x{\displaystyle 18x}. 18x⋅(x:4){\displaystyle 18x\cdot (x:4)} After you remove the GCF, the remaining ratio is the simplified form of the original ratio. This new ratio is proportionally equivalent to the original ratio. Note again that the two terms of the final ratio must not share any common factors (except 1).  Example: x:4{\displaystyle x:4}
Summary: Look at the ratio. Factor both terms. Find the greatest common factor. Divide both sides by the greatest common factor. Factor out the variable if possible. Note all of the greatest common factor. Write the simplified ratio.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: If you did not use all of the food in the packaging, put it into an airtight container immediately after opening it. Do not leave the food exposed to room temperature air for any amount of time. A plastic container with an airtight lid or a zip lock plastic bag is okay to use. Even if you have food leftover, do not use it once it has been left out. Throw the food away if it has been exposed to the air for 4 or more hours. After 4 hours, there is a chance of bacterial contamination. Put the airtight container into the refrigerator. Ideally, it should be kept at 40 °F (4 °C) in the refrigerator. Throw out the food if you have not used it within 5 days. It’s also an option to store unused cat food in the freezer. First, check the packaging to see if there is anything warning against freezing the food. If not, divide the food into single-serve portions. This way, you can thaw individual meals as needed. Although food will last longer in the freezer, it is best to use the excess food within a month. Some wet cat food comes in cans, but you can also purchase refrigerated cat food. This type of food needs to be refrigerated as soon as you bring it home. If you have this type of cat food, once opened, it can be kept in the refrigerator for up to 5 days. If you haven’t opened the food, you can keep it until the expiration date. Cats typically do not like to eat cold food. Add some warm water to the food. This will heat up the food but not make it too hot for your cat to eat. Don’t mix your older, stored cat food with a newly opened container of wet cat food. Although both may be okay for your cat to eat, you may be unknowingly contaminating the new food. Serve the stored food first, and don’t open the new food until you have used or thrown out the stored food.
Summary:
Put the unused food in an airtight container. Discard opened food after 4 hours. Store the airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 5 days. Check to see if the excess food can be frozen. Keep opened refrigerated cat food for up to 5 days. Mix chilled food with warm water before serving. Do not mix new and old food.