Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Know that acid reflux is the most common cause of esophagitis. Remove any trigger foods from your diet. Quit smoking. Lose weight. Remain upright for at least 30 minutes after eating. Take over-the-counter reflux medication. Monitor how long you take these over-the-counter medications for.

Answer: This is when stomach acid flows upward into your esophagus causing irritation to the bottom of the esophagus. Common symptoms include:  Pain with swallowing Difficulty swallowing, particularly solid foods Heartburn A cough Occasionally nausea or vomiting, a fever, or abdominal pain. Acid reflux is often brought on by foods that are causing your stomach and esophagus duress--these foods are also known as trigger foods. Try removing these foods from your diet to see if your reflux will benefit.  If you want to try this method, don’t remove only one food at a time; there is commonly more than one trigger food, and it will be hard to figure out which foods are harming you.  Instead, remove all of the trigger foods for at least two weeks, then add back one food at a time every three days; any foods that cause reflux symptoms should be permanently removed from the diet, or greatly limited.  Common trigger foods include caffeine, chocolate, alcohol, peppermint, tomatoes, oranges, spicy foods, and high-fat foods. It is also better to eat smaller more frequent meals rather than larger meals. This can help to diminish feelings of heartburn. If you are a smoker, now may be the time to consider quitting or at least cutting back. Smoking has been shown to contribute to esophageal disease, including feelings of heartburn. Speak to your doctor if you would like support in quitting smoking (including the option for nicotine replacement and/or medications such as Wellbutrin that can diminish cravings). Being overweight or obese has also been correlated to increased heartburn, so now may be the time to get our for a walk each day and to begin an exercise program. Weight loss is not only helpful for your esophageal problems, but also benefits your overall health and wellbeing in many other ways. Speak to your physician if you would like support or guidance getting started on an exercise program, and always consult your doctor first if you are worried you may have any health restrictions that hold you back from exercise. When you have a big meal and then lie down, it makes digesting the food much more difficult. If your esophagus is damaged, there is also a much larger chance that acids from your stomach will leak back up to your esophagus when you lie down. If you find you have symptoms of heartburn at night, it can be helpful to raise the head of your bed of to sleep with more pillows. Elevating your head more while you sleep keeps you in a more upright position, which can significantly diminish feelings of heartburn. Tums is a good first choice, and if this doesn't work for you there are stronger options available over-the-counter as well.  Another option is something called Zantac (Ranitidine), which is an "H2 anti-histamine."  You can also try Prilosec (omeprazole), which is a "proton pump inhibitor" and helps to diminish the acid in your stomach so that any reflux becomes less irritating to the esophagus. If you are taking any of these over-the-counter medications for two weeks or more, make sure to visit your doctor and tell him or her about the medication use.  If your reflux is still occurring after changing your diet and using the over-the-counter medications, visit your physician for appropriate diagnosis and treatment.  At this point, your physician may offer you stronger prescription anti-reflux medications to help with your esophagitis. (examples)  It is also key to establish the correct diagnosis, for different diagnoses require different forms of treatment. This is why it is key to see your doctor if you do not notice any improvement on over-the-counter medications.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Open the brochure in Preview. Click File. Click Print…. Select a printer. Click the "Horizontal" orientation option. Set up double-sided printing. Click Print.

Answer: If your brochure is saved as a PDF on a Mac, Preview is most likely the default program with which the brochure will open, so just double-click the brochure. If the brochure doesn't open in Preview, click the brochure file, then click File, select Open With, and click Preview in the resulting menu. It's in the upper-left side of the screen. A drop-down menu will appear. This option is near the bottom of the drop-down menu. Doing so opens the "Print" window. Click the "Printer" drop-down box at the top of the window, then click the printer that you want to use. It resembles a sideways silhouette. Click the drop-down box that's below the "Orientation" section, click Layout, click the "Two-Sided" box, and click Long-Edge Binding. It's at the bottom of the window. Your brochure should print on both sides. If your printer doesn't support double-sided printing, you can print only the first page from your brochure, remove the paper, reinsert the paper printed-side-up and front cover-side-in, and then print only the second page.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Visit MorningStar.com. Visit Zacks. Research fund objectives. Compare fund performances. Find a fund's inception (origination) date. Research the total assets under management. Determine the investment requirements. Request a prospectus.

Answer:
MorningStar is one the most respected investment-research firms. Their website contains information and news about mutual funds and other types of investments. You can access some of the information available through Morningstar for free just by visiting the site. Some of their data, however, is accessible only by paid membership. The company does offer a free basic membership allowing access to most of the basic information you need. Another well-respected source of information about mutual funds and their performances is Zacks.com. This research firm provides a lot of useful information free of charge. Using the sites above, you can begin narrowing down the field of mutual funds. Start by looking at the objectives of the various funds, and try to pick one that aligns with your own objectives and risk profile.  Each fund will have a specific objective. You can find it in the prospectus and in MorningStar reports. The objective indicates what the fund is attempting to do and how it attempts to do it.   These objectives will normally fit within the four fund dimensions discussed in Part 1 above. Once you've selected some funds that interest you, take time to see how well they have performed.  Look at their historical performances, compare them to those of other similar funds and benchmarks, and collect any other information you can. There are several online sources that can provide this information. Some even allow for side-by-side comparisons of different mutual funds. This information is available in the fund's prospectus and various online sources of financial information.   This date is important to know. A longer history is more telling than a shorter history. Having more investing experience is better than having less. A longer period of time allows a more valid comparison with other funds. It's smart to check how long the present fund manager has been in control of this fund (or other funds). It would also be valuable to know if the manager has invested his/her own money in the fund. Morningstar and Lipper are two online sources of such information. AUM is a measure of the total market value of a fund's investments.   You want the fund to hold a portfolio large enough that it demonstrates investor confidence and can handle sudden, large redemptions. However, there's such a thing as a fund being too large. Having too much money under management can make a fund unwieldy and inflexible. This is hard to quantify, but with experience you'll begin to develop a sense about it. (Some funds will actually close themselves to additional cash inflow to prevent this unwieldiness.) This is less important than the other considerations discussed above. Think of a large portfolio as a good indication of a fund's success at picking profitable, long-held investments. Each fund will have specific requirements about the minimum investment necessary to open an account. They will also have a minimum for additional purchases. Find a fund you can afford that fits your investor profile.  The initial investment and additional investments might be as little as $100. Some ETFs will permit an initial investment as low as the price of a single share. You will find this information on the website of the fund company as well as in the prospectus for the fund. A prospectus is a long, detailed document. It has all the legal definitions about what the fund can invest in, how it is managed and other technical information.  You can have the company send you a hard copy of the prospectus or download it from the website.  A prospectus can be overwhelming. The federal government mandates that the most important information be easily found and clearly explained. You can find this material at the beginning of the prospectus. It is often highlighted or italicized. This section is called the summary prospectus. The summary prospectus will describe the fund's investment objectives and strategies. It will also cover the principal risks of investing in the fund and the fund's fees and expenses. Finally, the summary prospectus will discuss the fund's past performance. You can find more detailed information in the full "statutory" prospectus that follows the summary prospectus. This will include information relating to the fund's investment advisors and portfolio managers. It will also provide details on how to purchase and redeem shares.   Most of the relevant information will be available from other sources, too, such as Morningstar. It's a good idea, however, to read the actual prospectus for any mutual fund you are seriously considering. For more information on mutual fund prospectuses, visit the SEC website at SEC.gov. That site is an excellent source of general investment information.