Q: If you’re not adding piped decorations but still want to add some flair, use a spatula to create waves in the icing. Swirl the whipped cream frosting to create small waves all over the cake for a more rustic look. For a crisp, uniform layer of frosting that’s perfect for layering piped designs, run a bench scraper all around your cake. Start by working the bench scraper in a circle around the edges, before running it along the top. Pull the bench scraper towards you, and remove any excess frosting that collects on the blade. Once you’ve spread an even layer of frosting onto your cake, remove your icing bag from the fridge, and add some piped designs. Pipe around the edges of the cake to make a border, and pipe along the top to create flowers or pretty dollops. Practice piping a few designs on wax paper before icing directly onto the cake. Before serving, allow your cake to set in the fridge for at least 30 minutes so that your decorations will hold their shape. The icing will maintain its shape for 2-3 days if left in the fridge, and for several hours if left at room temperature. If you leave whipped cream frosting at room temperature for longer than 3-4 hours, it may become destabilized. It will lose its fluffy, frosting shape, and it might melt off your cake.
A: Create a rustic look by making waves in the icing. Use a bench scraper to level the cake before piping decorations. Add piped decorations to your cake. Place the decorated cake in the refrigerator.

Q: Insert the lubricated end of the tube into the clearest nostril, aiming the end of the tube straight back as you feed it in.  The patient must continue looking straight at you. Direct the tube down and toward the ear on that side of the head. Do not allow the tube to feed upward and into the brain. Stop if you feel resistance. Pull the tube out and try the other nostril. Never force the tube inward. If you have coated the patient's throat with anesthetic throat spray, ask the patient to open his or her mouth and watch for the other end of the tube.  For patients who were not treated with throat spray, opening the mouth might be too painful. Instead, you should simply ask the patient to indicate when he or she feels the tube at the back of the throat. As soon as the tube hits the top of the throat, guide the patient's head so that the chin touches the chest. This can help encourage the tube into the esophagus, rather than into the trachea. Give the patient a glass of water with a straw. Ask him or her to take small sips and swallows as you continue guiding the tube downward.  If the patient is unable to drink water for any reason, you should still encourage him or her to dry swallow as you feed the tube into the throat. For infants, give the patient a pacifier to encourage him or her to suck and swallow during the process. Continue feeding the tube into the patient's throat until the marked measurement reaches the patient's nostril.  If you meet resistance further into the throat, slowly rotate the tube as you advance it. This should help. If the tube still gives considerable resistance, pull it out and try again. Never force it in. Stop immediately and remove the tube if you notice a change in the patient's respiratory status. This can include choking, coughing, or difficulty breathing. A change in respiratory status suggests that the tube has been inserted into the trachea by mistake.  You should also remove the tube if it comes out of the patient's mouth.
A: Insert the tube into the chosen nostril. Check the back of the throat. Instruct the patient to swallow. Stop once you reach the measured mark.

Q: To take a measurement, you will need to displace space on your spindle. Align the base of the spindle with the item to be measured. Push the dial indicator against the item, counting the number of revolutions made to double-check your accuracy. Hold the gauge in place to take your measurement. Depending on how your small gauge is labeled, it could count just your revolutions or track the measurement. Take down the number of revolutions or the measurement itself if it's printed on the gauge. If the dial indicator did not make at least one revolution, then skip to reading the large gauge because the small gauge only matters if the indicator makes at least one full revolution. If your small gauge shows revolutions or does not provide a clear measurement, take the number of marks displaced and multiply it by the length that is represented by one revolution. For example, if one revolution equals .1-inches, then you would calculate three marks on the small gauge as 3 X .1=.3-inches. The big outer face should be marked with 100 notches. Most dial indicators will be labeled at the 5’s or 10’s to make it easier to read. Determine which marker the hand best lines up with, then take down the number. Make sure that you count if the gauge makes complete revolutions. For example, it may completely circle once and then land on the notch next to 30. Remember to add the calculations from both the small and large gauges. Remember that the larger gauge represents a smaller measurement, so while the small gauge might measure in tents, the outer gauge measures in thousandths. If the hand is pointing at 30, then it means 30 thousandths. To calculate the measurement, divide the number by 1,000. For example, 30/1000=0.030-inches. Take both the small gauge and large gauge measurements and add them together. In the examples above, you'd have 0.3+0.030=0.330-inches. This is your reading from the dial indicator.
A: Press the spindle against the item to be measured. Count the marks displaced on the small gauge. Calculate the measurement. Count the marks displaced on the large gauge. Calculate the measurement. Add the two calculations together.

Q: Place a framing square near the end of a 2 x 12 (38 x 286 mm) board, leaving a few inches at the end before the end of the square. Use the individual rise and run figures marked on the outside scales of the square that matches your desired measurements. These figures should touch the upper edge of your board.  The short end of the square (tongue) should be on the rise measurement. The long end of the square (body) should be on the run measurement. The board should be at least 12 inches (30.48cm) longer than the planned length of the stringer, just to give yourself some play. Move the square down to extend the run line to the lower board edge, if necessary. This is the outline of your top stair. Slide the framing square along the board so your scale run figure touches the end of your first marked run line. Double check that your rise and run figures are lines up with the top edge of the board and then mark your second stair. Continue down the board, making sure to line up the scale's rise and run figure at the top edge. Mark the new outline and repeat until you have marked 1 extra pair of runs and rises. In order to make the first step the same height as the others, you need to subtract the depth of the thread from the rise, so the finished stair is still 7 inches (18 cm). Simply make another mark to the right of the run line that is parallel and equal to the thickness of the thread. This marks the stringer bottom.
A:
Start laying out the first stair. Mark the outline along the square's outer edges. Lay out the rest of the stairs. Mark the bottom of the stringer.