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Don't be fooled by advertisements. Decide between canned and dry dog food. Make sure that the label has the AAFCO (Association of American Feed Control Officials) statement. Check the label for the list of ingredients. Compare ingredients between different brands of dog food. Check the label for the “proximate analysis” that will tell you the amount of protein, fat, and fiber. Find the freshest package of dog food. Keep dog food stored properly.
Remember that marketing on TV, in magazines and in stores is targeted at humans. Even the design of the bag or can label is designed for humans to pick up and purchase. Don't be fooled by pretty pictures and cute commercials. Do some research for the sake of your furry friend. Labels that include marketing terms such as “premium,” “natural,” or “gourmet” are good for selling dog food but they do not have an actual definition recognized by the FDA or pet food manufacturers. Giving your dog canned instead of dry food, or vice versa, is a matter of choice and budget. Most dogs will do fine on either one, but, on occasion, you may find a dog that is sensitive to the form of diet. They may develop symptoms, such as vomiting or diarrhea, that show their system cannot process the food correctly. Canned food is generally more expensive than dry food options but it is about 75% water. AAFCO membership is voluntary, but it provides guidelines for the formulation and manufacturing of pet foods. Having this label offers a baseline of assurance to the consumer that the food meets the basic nutritional requirements for the type of animal listed on the container. Dogs are omnivores and they can eat meat, grain, and vegetables. However, you want to see the first ingredient listed as a meat, such as “chicken” or “beef” rather than “meat by product” or “meat meal.” Seeing the word “chicken” on the ingredient label means that the meat is primarily of muscle tissue, but can include the diaphragm of the animal or heart (or other parts). You are also looking to ensure that the first ingredient is not a grain or tuber or vegetable, unless for some reason you are feeding your dog a vegetarian diet. The ingredients list on the label is listed in order by weight as they are found in the food's formula. Ingredients with water included, like meat, will usually be higher on the list. In order to compare dry (10-12% moisture) and canned diets (75% water), to truly get to the actual percentage of protein found in dog food, you need to consider the amount of moisture in the diet. To calculate the “dry matter basis” of the amount of protein you are feeding in a can of dog food, you need to remove the amount of water in the food with a calculation. For instance, if the food says that there is 12% protein and the can has 75% water, divide 12% by 25% to get 48% protein. That is pretty high. (You use 25% in the denominator to reflect the dry matter left once you have removed the 75% water in the diet.) This will help you compare dog foods, even if they come in different formulations. The suggested amount to feed your pet, based on your pet's healthy weight, can also be found on the side of most pet food bags.  Of course, it is impossible for the manufacturer to be able to tailor the amount fed for each and every pet individually, so use this information as a basic guideline and monitor your pet's body condition. You will most likely not find calorie content on the bag or can and will need to call the company or check online for that information.  Consult your veterinarian if you have any questions about your pet's weight and condition. Once you have picked out a type of food, you need to make sure that the food is still fresh. Check the sell by (or best before) date on the container. Dry food in particular is sprayed with fat on the outside to increase palatability. Fat will eventually go rancid with time and exposure to air and light. Heat will increase the chance of rancidity.  Also check that the bag is intact and there are no holes in the bag before you take it home. Pet stores will place the oldest food on the top of the stack or the front of the line for the sake of inventory turnover. They want to sell the oldest food first, which makes sense. Just check to see if the product at the back or bottom of the row or stack has a much different date on it and take from the bottom or the back if appropriate. Although it seems like you are saving money buying a 40 pound bag of food for your 10 pound dog, you are better off with a smaller bag for the sake of freshness, unless you store it in the freezer nicely wrapped up to prevent moisture contamination and freezer burn. Don't forget to label the bag with the name of the food, lot number (in case of food recall), date of purchase and sell by date. Just take the desired portion out the day before you feed it to allow the food to thaw completely.[5] You should store dry dog food still in the original bag in an airtight container (plastic or metal) in the cool and dark place, like a closet or pantry or even the freezer. Store leftover canned food covered in the refrigerator. Unopened canned food should be stored in a cool, dry place. It is best to use up opened dog dry food within 6 weeks of opening, as long as it is stored properly.