Q: In 1989, the U.S. Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) published a guide called “Construction of a Simplified Gas Generator for Fueling Internal Combustion Engines in an Emergency.” This document has become the go-to guide for skilled DIYers who want to try their hand at creating synthetic gasoline out of wood pellets or chips. Find a good pdf or similar electronic copy at sites like:  http://www.driveonwood.com/static/media/uploads/pdf/fema_plans.pdf https://www.pssurvival.com/PS/Gasifiers/FEMA_Simplified_Wood_Gas_Generator-Mar_1989_With_Biomass_Energy_Foundation_2001.pdf http://www.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a208249.pdf Also download the “Handbook of Biomass Downdraft Gasifier Engine Systems” at https://www.nrel.gov/docs/legosti/old/3022.pdf Section I of the FEMA guide provides a wealth of background information on the history and science behind the process known as gasification. It points out, for example, that all combustion (including in internal combustion engines) involves vapor, and that it is therefore possible to filter and isolate combustible vapor from burning biomass such as wood pellets.  Biomass gasifiers don’t create liquid fuel, only combustible vapors. However, it’s important to remember that internal combustion engines vaporize liquid fuel anyway. Section I also presents an interesting historical account of the process, including how widespread the use of biomass gasification was in Europe during World War II. FEMA created this guide for use by Americans during crises in which gasoline supplies might be cut off. So, the biomass gasifier it describes uses widely available parts such as a metal trash can and sections of piping. However, that doesn’t mean building the gasifier is an easy job that everyone can handle.  In basic terms, the wood pellets or shavings are burned in one chamber of the gasifier, the smoke is filtered through more wood pellets/shavings in a second chamber, and the filtered vapor is mixed with air as it enters the intake valve of the internal combustion engine. You’re using fire to create combustible vapors, so it’s essential that you follow the directions very closely and take every recommended safety precaution. You may also benefit by watching online videos that show DIYers building gasifiers based on the FEMA plan, such as https://youtu.be/a6e3CprVTi8?t=220. The FEMA guide shows you how to attach the gasifier to a standard farm tractor and use it to power its engine with wood shavings. In theory, you could use the same principles to power a typical automobile in an emergency situation—this wouldn’t be “street legal” under normal circumstances, though! In reality, this type of gasifier is probably more useful as a way to power a gas-fueled generator, which in turn can generate electricity for your home. This way, you can keep the lights on in your home with little more than some scrap wood.
A: Search online for “fema gasifier” to find an essential guide. Get a handle on how gasification works. Follow the step-by-step instructions if you want to try building a system. Power motor vehicles or a generator with a completed gasifier system.

Article: Add the frosting to the top of the dessert, several tablespoons at a time. Once you’ve covered the entire surface, use the spatula to smooth out the frosting and ensure that it’s evenly distributed across the surface.  If you choose, you can use a butter knife or the spatula to create a wave-like design in the frosting. Or, as an alternative, you can spoon the frosting into a pastry bag (or a plastic storage bag with a small hole cut from one of the corners), and, with a frosting tip, squeeze the frosting onto your dessert. You can spread this frosting on your dessert of choice, including, for example, cupcakes or refrigerator pies.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Spread the frosting.

Q: Ensure that your cat is eating a well-rounded diet formulated for cats. If you are not sure what to feed your cat, ask the vet for a dietary plan. Your cat may require a special high-fiber diet in order to manage chronic constipation. Your veterinarian can help you determine if this is necessary. Feeding your cat an all-canned food diet may help with constipation. Canned food typically contains 75% or more moisture and promotes healthy digestion and elimination. While an all-fish diet won't supply the nutrients your cat needs, tuna may help stimulate the appetite. Oily fish like mackerel and sardines may help with constipation issues. Dehydration will contribute to constipation. Additionally, if your cat eats only dry food, he will need to drink more water than cats getting canned food.  Have a bowl of fresh water in an accessible location for your cat, preferably next to the food dish.  Some cats prefer to drink running water like that from a dripping sink or a kitty water fountain. Constipation is more common in obese cats than normal weight cats. Consult a resource like the Body Condition Scoring Chart to determine if your cat is too heavy. This chart differentiates among emaciated, thin, moderate, stout and obese body conditions. If you have any questions, consult your veterinarian. Olive oil can act as an intestinal lubricant and help move food through the cat’s body. Add ¼ or ½ teaspoon of olive oil to some canned food. Psyllium is the husk of the Plantago seed and is commonly used to aid in digestion and intestinal tract health (common brands for human consumption include Metamucil and Fiberall). Veterinary brands are available at pet supply stores. Add ¼ to ½ teaspoon of psyllium husks to canned food to add dietary fiber to the diet to help keep digestion moving along. If you have a long-haired cat, trim the hair around your cat’s backside, to keep the hair from getting tangled. This will keep the area clean. It can also help prevent constipation. When stool tangles with hair, stool can get held inside the anus and cause constipation. Long-haired cats also ingest a lot of hair when they groom themselves.  Keep your cat’s coat free of mats with regular grooming. Some cats may benefit from being shaved down once or twice a year to manage their hair coat. Some cats, especially long-haired ones, may need a hairball remedy to reduce the amount of hair in the digestive tract. Hairball remedies are available in various cat-friendly flavors, such as tuna, that provide petroleum-based intestinal lubrication. Long-haired cats will benefit from receiving a hairball remedy a few times per week to keep the hair from accumulating inside the digestive tract. Some common products include Laxatone and Petromalt, which are available in tubes. They can be offered to your cat as a treat or mixed into his food for easy consumption. A clean litter box will encourage your cat to use it regularly. Scoop at least every other day if you have one cat, and scoop every day if you have more than one cat. Some cats dislike strongly perfumed litters, so use litter without an added fragrance.
A:
Feed your cat a well-rounded diet. Switch to an all-canned food diet. Give your cat fish in moderation. Make sure your cat has access to fresh water. Keep your cat’s weight under control. Add some olive oil to canned food. Try psyllium husks. Trim hair on long-haired cats. Regularly groom long-haired cats. Give long-haired cats regular hairball remedies. Keep a clean litter box.