Article: Start by making a basic “hmmm” noise in your throat in your lower range as you exhale a breath. Repeat this five to 10 times, then repeat the same sound with your mouth open for five to 10 breaths. With your mouth open, you should make an “ahhhh” noise. Humming is a great way to warm up and relax the muscles of your throat, face, neck, and shoulders, and it can also help you control your breathing. Once your voice is warmed up with basic humming, begin to warm up for pitch changes by humming do-re-mi up the scale and then back down. Start at the lower end of your pitch range, and when you complete one sweep up and down the scale, go to a higher key and repeat.  Repeat this for four or five ascending keys, then work your way back down those same keys. Lip trills, also called lip buzzing or bubbling, are an exercise that vibrates and warms up your lips as well as your voice. To create the lip trill, you close your lips loosely, pout them slightly, and blow air through them (think of making the sound of a motor or raspberry). Do this for two exhales, then start slowly shaking your head from side to side as you do three or four more lip trills. Repeat the lip trilling and head shaking, and as you do this make a “b” sound with your mouth as you do vocal sweeps starting with a high note and going low, and then coming back up. Make an “ng” sound in your nose as though you were just saying the final part of the word “sung.” Continue to make this noise as you do three to five pitch sweeps. Every time you go back up and down again, push your voice into a slightly higher and lower pitch range. This exercise helps you warm up the voice gradually, prevents over-exertion of the voice, and helps singers transition between their head and chest voices, which refers to the different places air resonates in the body when creating different sounds and pitches. Tongue twisters are great for articulation practice, and if you say them in different pitches and at different volumes, they can be a great way to warm up before singing. Some good tongue twisters to try out are:  Sally sells sea shells by the sea shore Teaching ghosts to sing Peter Piper picked a peck of pickled peppers Unique New York The tip of the tongue, the lips, the teeth Really rural The big, black-backed bumblebee Red letter, yellow letter
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Hum. Hum do-re-mi. Do some lip trills. Practice the siren song. Practice tongue twisters in different pitches.

Problem: Article: Slide the clamps closed and push the extension rod in all the way. Then, hit reset to display only zeros on the screen. Properly zeroed calipers are essential to getting an accurate measurement, so make sure to do this! Calipers have 2 large jaws that you can open and close around the outside of an object. These jaws are located at the bottom of the ruler part of the calipers. Open the calipers so they are wider than the outside of the object, and then close the calipers around the part of the object you want to measure. For example, to measure the length of a nail, open the calipers wider than the length of the nail and close them so that 1 jaw is touching the head of the screw and the other is against the pointed end of the screw. Find the inner measurement jaws on top of the calipers (above the part that looks like a ruler). These are smaller than the outer jaws. Close the inner jaws of the calipers and put them inside of the object. Open the calipers so the inner jaws are pressed against the inside of the object. For example, to measure the inner diameter of a pipe, open the calipers until they are pressed against the inside of the pipe to get your measurement. Locate the extension rod on the side (or end of the ruler section) of the calipers. Position the calipers against the top edge of the object or hole, and then extend the bar down into the hole or object until it touches the bottom. For example, to measure the depth of a hole, place the caliper jaws against the rim of the hole and extend the bar down into the hole all the way to the bottom. Look at the screen and record the number. Keep in mind that the readout will include a zero or whole number followed by a decimal and 3 digits behind it.  For example, the readout may say 0.365 in (0.93 cm) or 4.987 in (12.67 cm). Record the entire number as your measurement. Some digital calipers have a button to change the measurement from imperial to metric or vice versa. Check to see if this is a feature of your calipers and press the button if needed.
Summary: Zero out the calipers before you get started. Clamp the jaws around the outside of the object for an external measurement. Open the jaws inside of an object to find the inner diameter. Push the extension rod into the object for a depth measurement. Look at the digital reading.

Rainbow sharks are omnivorous and can and should eat most anything. Sharks will eat any common fish food, including pellets, flakes and algae wafers, as long as it sinks to the bottom of the tank. To give you sharks a brighter coloration, make sure to feed it small crustaceans a few times a week. Feed your shark two to three times daily.  Experiment to determine how much you should feed your fish. A fish should eat its food within approximately five minutes. If anything is remaining after that period of time, you have given your fish too much food. Excess food will ultimately make the tank dirty.  Good crustaceans or insects to feed your fish include brine shrimp, bloodworms, Daphnias, and artemias.  You should also feed your sharks vegetables. Try Zucchini that has been sliced into small bits and boiled. Boiled peas can also be good. Rainbow sharks will eat some raw vegetables, including romaine lettuce, beet tops, and swiss chard. When feeding your fish cooked vegetables, be sure to let them cool before placing them in the aquarium. Clean the tank weekly. When you clean the tank, you do not need to remove all of the substrate (sand or gravel), however, you should use a siphon to suck up the waste that accumulates on the bottom of the tank. Use a scraper to remove algae from the glass. After finishing these tasks, remove and replace 10-15% of the water.  Do not remove fish when changing the water. This will cause unnecessary stress. When replacing the water, put new water into a bucket. Do not use this bucket for any other household tasks (it might accumulate dangerous chemicals). Test and treat the water as discussed previously. Use a siphon to slowly introduce the new water back into the tank. . It is particularly important to watch for signs of illness with fish. That because many fish diseases are highly communicable and will spread rapidly throughout the tank. Many common causes of illness are also the result of bad water conditions and might quickly kill off all of your fish. Things to watch for include:  Scratching against objects in the tank Duller coloration, changes in color pattern, and spotting Gills and fins that have been chewed on Lack of energy Fins tightly held against the body Bloating Gasping for air at the surface of the water Disappearing fin or tail
++++++++++
One-sentence summary --
Feed it a diverse diet. .  Watch for signs of illness