Black always goes first in Othello, and the less experienced player should take this color. If the players are equal in skill level, then you may flip a coin to see who gets to be black, or allow the player who lost the last game to be black. This is also known as “outflanking” in Othello. A “row” consists of one or more discs that form a line horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. For example, if the opponent has a disc next to 1 of your discs in a vertical row, then place a disc on the open side of their disc in the same row to outflank your opponent’s disc. Once a disc is outflanked, flip it over to the opposite color. This disc now belongs to you as long as it remains flipped on that side. However, the same disc may be turned over again if it is part of a row that is outflanked. For example, if the disc was white before it was outflanked, then turn it to the black side after it is outflanked. Your opponent’s goal is also to place a disc in a spot that outflanks at least 1 of the first player’s discs. If the second player plays the white discs, they would place 1 of their discs at the end of a row. Your opponent should place their white disc so that a black disc is framed by 2 white discs on each side (or vice versa if you are playing white). Then, make sure your opponent flips the outflanked black disks to white. Remember that the row can be horizontal, diagonal or vertical.
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One-sentence summary -- Allow the less experienced player to go first. Place the first disc in a spot that surrounds an opponent’s disc. Flip the outflanked disc to its opposite side. Pass the turn to your opponent to continue playing.


Studies show that people are less likely to get teased or bullied if they exhibit an assertive attitude. You can stop being a victim to bullying by changing your reaction. Beware of your body language. Lift your chin, keep your back straight, and pull your shoulders back.  If showing strong, positive signals doesn’t come naturally, practice your assertive attitude at home while you’re away from the bully. If you have friends that you trust, consider asking them to help and advice. Have them point out when you're lacking confidence or when you're being assertive. Keeping a record of the bully’s taunts will help you to keep dates straight and establish a pattern. You will need to establish a pattern if this goes further and you report the behavior to a boss at work or the police if this is a domestic situation that you need help for. Save emails and take screenshots of social media comments right away. If you wait too long, the bully may delete them. Make sure this conversation includes a clear picture of the pattern and any documentation. If you are at school, you can tell an instructor or a school administrator.  If this is at work, go to the meeting with suggestions as to how this can be fixed. This might include moving the bully to a different department or working with HR. Be prepared to answer what you want to have happen. If you meet with the person at work face-to-face, follow up with an email documenting when the meeting took place and follow ups so you have it in writing what occurred. This will be included in the documentation if the behavior continues.
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One-sentence summary -- Be mindful of your physical and emotional reaction. Document any offenses. Speak to a superior or someone who can help.


Lie on your back on a workout bench or other flat surface. Bring the dumbbells up to your chest, holding them shoulder-width apart with your palms facing each other. Rotate your arms so your palms face out and your forearm and upper-arm create a 90-degree angle. Exhale as you use your chest muscles to push the dumbbells up. Lock your arms at the top of the push and breathe for a second. Lower the weights slowly as you inhale.  Perform 3 sets of 8 to 10 reps of this exercise. To determine how much weight you should use, figure out the heaviest weight you can use for 1 rep. Then figure out about 60 to 70 percent of that weight for your regular set. For example, if the heaviest weight you can use for 1 rep is 10 lb (4.5 kg), then you should use 6 lb (2.7 kg) dumbbells for your sets. If it begins to feel like there's hardly any resistance with the weight you're using, try the heaviest weight test again and readjust the weights you use. Stand with your legs just less than shoulder-width apart. Hold the dumbbells at your sides. Bring one dumbbell up so it’s even with your shoulder and your palm faces out – this is your starting position. Exhale and push the dumbbell up so your arm is fully extended. Pause for a second and then lower the dumbbell back down. Perform 8 to 10 reps and then switch arms. Repeat 3 sets. Stand with your legs about shoulder-width apart. Hold a dumbbell in each hand with your palms facing your thighs. Keep your back straight and your arms slightly bent at the elbow. Lift the dumbbells to your shoulders as you exhale, keeping them as close to your sides as possible. Keep your elbows above your forearms as you lift, and bring the dumbbells as close to your chin as possible. Hold the dumbbells for a second, and then inhale as you slowly lower them back down. Repeat 3 sets of 10 to 12 reps. Stand in front of a bench or elevated platform. Place your hands on the bench or platform, with your hands slightly more than shoulder-width apart. Move your feet back so that your body is straight back and your arms are straight up from the platform. Keep your body straight and slowly lower yourself to the edge of the platform or bench. Then push your body back up until your arms are extended. Repeat for 3 sets of 8 to 15 reps. Lie on your back on a workout bench or other flat surface. Hold the dumbbells in front of you, with your arms at a 90-degree angle from the bench and your body. Keep your elbows tucked in and your palms facing each other. Inhale, keeping your upper arms stationary, and lower the dumbbells to your ears, bending your arms at the elbows. When your dumbbells reach your ears, use your triceps to raise the dumbbells back up while you exhale. Repeat for 3 sets of 6 to 8 reps. You don't need to do every single one of these exercises. Instead, choose 2 or 3 to do on the days you work out your chest and arms.
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One-sentence summary --
Perform a dumbbell bench press to exercise your pectoral muscles. Try a one-arm shoulder press to build your triceps. Perform an upright row to sculpt your back. Do an incline push-up. Try a tricep extension. Choose 2 to 3 of these exercises for your workout.