Make sure the torn area is cleaned off with isopropyl alcohol first. Cut a patch out of an old shirt or another cloth. Use super glue and weigh the patch down for at least 6 hours, if possible. This patch isn't as durable as plastic or rubber patches, but it will hold up until you can make more repairs. Clean off the damaged area, then lay the tape flat over the hole. You will be able to use the mattress for the night, but the tape will loosen over time. Replace it with a stronger patch when you get the chance. If you use tape, make sure you clean the tape residue left on the mattress when you try to patch it later. A glue gun can plug small leaks, but be careful not to let the gun touch the mattress. Warm up the gun, then hold the tip above the hole. Slowly move the gun over the hole until it is filled. The glue gun can melt the mattress, so keep the tip away from it.
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One-sentence summary -- Create a patch out of clothing when you don't have plastic. Temporarily seal holes with duct tape. Use a hot glue gun to seal small holes and tears.


If the newspaper article has more than one author, list them in the order they appear in the by-line, separated by commas. Type an "and" before the last author's name. The period after the initial also constitutes the closing period at the end of this section.  Example: Clark, K. If the article has no author, start your bibliographic entry with the title of the article in sentence-case. Capitalize only the initial word and any proper nouns. Put the year the article was published first, then type a comma. Provide the name of the month in unabbreviated form followed by the day. Close the parentheses and place a period immediately after.  Example: Clark, K. (2017, July 17). For articles with new author, put the date in parentheses after the title of the article. After the date, type the title of the article along with any subtitle. Only capitalize the first word and any proper nouns. Place a period at the end, or other punctuation as necessary. Example: Clark, K. (2017, July 17). Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. For print newspapers, include the section and page number after the name of the newspaper. The page number is not italicized. Place a period after the page number. If there is no page number, such as if you found the article online, place a period after the name of the newspaper. Example: Clark, K. (2017, July 17). Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. The Daily Planet, p. A1. Starting with the words "Retrieved from," let your readers know where you found the article. APA style only requires a URL for the newspaper itself, not a direct permalink to the article itself.  Database example: Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. The Daily Planet, p. A1. Retrieved from Collected DC News. URL example: Villains take over Gotham; Superman stays away. The Daily Planet, p. A1. Retrieved from http://www.dailyplanet.com In addition to a bibliography, APA style calls for parenthetical citations within your text whenever you either paraphrase or quote a source. If quoting directly, include the page number if possible.  Paraphrase example: (Kent, 2017) Direct quote example: (Kent, 2017, p. A1)
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One-sentence summary -- Start with the author's last name and first initial. Place the publication date in parentheses after the author's name. Provide the title of the article using sentence-case. Type the name of the newspaper in italics with the page number. Add the website URL or database, if applicable. Use the author's last name and the year for in-text citations.


In the U.S., you can only obtain an IDP through the American Automobile Association (AAA) or the American Automobile Touring Alliance (AATA). Either visit a AAA branch in person or apply to either organization by mail; you can only apply through AATA by mail. You don't need to be a member of either organization in order to get an IDP.  Keep in mind you must already hold a valid driver's license in order to apply for an IDP.  Be wary of scams that claim to offer IDPs. Only AAA and AATA are authorized by the U.S. State Department to issue IDPs. Locate your local AAA branch at https://www.aaa.com/office/locations/?office=CRCAIDP. If you apply through AATA, send your application to P.O. Box 24980, San Jose, CA 95154. In most countries, much like the U.S., you apply for an IDP through a national or state auto club. For example, if you live in Australia, you'd apply through your state's Australian Automobile Association-affiliated club, such as the Royal Automobile Club of Victoria. In some nations, such as the United Kingdom, national postal services issue IDPs. Search online to find the right procedures for your nation. Visit www.aaa.com or www.aataidp.com, or your national auto club's website, and download, print, and fill out the IDP application. Alternatively, visit your local auto club branch (or post office) and fill out the application in person. You'll need to provide your full name, home address, driver's license number, license issuing and expiration dates, date and location of birth, phone number, and email address. You must also indicate where and when you plan to travel. You'll need to include a few other documents with your application, along with a $20 fee (U.S., as of 2019). Required documents include 2 original color passport photos and a signed photocopy of the front and back of your driver's license.  If you mail your application, enclose a check or money order for the application fee; you may also need to pay for shipping and handling. If you apply in person, acceptable forms of payment include check, money order, and credit or debit. Outside the U.S. fees vary, but they're generally the equivalent of $10 to $20 USD. If you applied in person, you'll likely receive your IDP immediately. If you mailed your application, expect to receive your IDP in 2 to 4 weeks. Delivery may take an additional 2 weeks if you've applied for an IDP in your home country but are currently located overseas.  If you mailed your application and need it promptly, you can pay extra to have it expedited. Express delivery fees may total up to $85 (U.S.). Keep in mind you'll need to have your IDP in hand you before you can drive in Japan. Simply submitting the application is not enough. An IDP is valid for 1 year. If you plan on staying in Japan for more than a year, you'll need to obtain a Japanese driver's license.
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One-sentence summary --
Obtain an IDP from AAA or AATA if you live in the United States. Get your IDP from an auto club or post office if you live outside the U.S. Provide your personal info and driver's license details. Submit passport photos, copies of your license, and the fee payment. Allow 2 to 4 weeks for processing if you mailed your application.