Summarize the following:
An ultrasound can help the vet gauge the scope of an injury or, for an abdominal edema, identify digestive tract issues. If they suspect an infection, they'll take a bacterial culture. Additionally, they might order blood work and test for problems with the heart, lymph nodes, liver, kidneys, and other organs. Serious infections that cause widespread edemas require strong antibiotics, which are administered intravenously (by IV). An infection can cause fluid and electrolyte loss, so an IV might also be necessary to prevent dehydration. If the edema is related to a serious infection, your horse might need to stay at a clinic until its symptoms improve. Fluid-filled areas of swelling around the stomach could be related to a digestive tract problem. A minor blockage or ulcer might require diuretic medication (which reduces fluid retention) and stool softener. Surgery might be necessary for more serious conditions. Depending on the underlying digestive issue, the vet might recommend dietary changes. For example, your horse might need to temporarily switch from dry hay to a special pelleted diet. Your horse might need to take medication regularly if the vet finds heart or lymph node issues. Possible underlying issues, such as heart disease and cancer, might require ongoing specialist care. Unfortunately, chronic widespread edemas could be related to life-threatening conditions, such as congestive heart failure and aggressive cancer. If your horse is very sick, ask the vet how to make it comfortable. Losing a companion is difficult, but putting it to sleep might be best if it's suffering.

summary: Have the vet take an ultrasound and culture. Treat widespread infections with high-dose antibiotics. Discuss abdominal edema treatment options with the vet. Work with the vet to manage heart, lymph node, or circulatory issues.


Summarize the following:
Before you put the bridle on your horse, inspect it to make sure nothing is tangled or twisted and that the bit is not crooked or slanted. If something is out of place or twisted, it will make it difficult to put the bridle on the horse and it could cause injury when riding.  This makes it easier to put the bridle on. Slip the nosepiece of the halter off of your horse, and bring your horse’s head down toward you. Lowering the horse’s head makes it easier to put on the bridle. It is helpful to have the bridle and reins on your arm ready to put on. Place your left index finger at the front of your horse’s mouth between his top and bottom teeth, and guide the bit into their mouth. When the horse opens their mouth, slide the bit in so it sits on top of their tongue. As you do this, pull up on the bit with your right hand to secure it into place. Pulling up with your right hand, keep the bit taut. Gently bend the horse’s ears forward and slide the bridle onto their head. The browband of the bridle sits across the horse’s forehead. Make adjustments to the browband on both sides so it sits just below the horse’s ears. Avoid bending the horse’s ears backwards, as this is very uncomfortable them. The throat latch is a leather strap that keeps the bridle around the horse’s head. Feed the leather strap through the buckle and fasten it around the horse so it is secure around the throat. Make sure you don’t fasten it too tightly so you don’t restrict the horse’s breathing. You should be able to fit your fist through the throat latch strap when it is buckled.

summary: Check your bridle so the straps are in place and properly attached. Remove the halter from the left side of the horse. Insert the bit into your horse’s mouth. Place the crown piece and the throat latch behind the horse’s ears. Buckle the throat latch strap around the horse’s head.


Summarize the following:
Activated carbon is a special filter media that removes chlorine, chloramines, and organic compounds from water.  Some activated carbon filters can be connected to your home’s water supply, or you can buy a filtered pitcher that uses an activated carbon filter.  Activated carbon filters remove both chlorine and chloramine.  Choose an activated carbon filter that has been certified by NSF International, a nonprofit that tests and certifies water filtration products. Reverse osmosis refers to the process in which ions and particles are removed from the water.  Reverse osmosis systems can be installed directly beneath your kitchen sink or where your water supply enters your home, and are therefore very convenient relative to other dechlorination methods.  But they’re also very expensive, often reaching several thousand U.S. dollars. Additionally, reverse osmosis filters are energy-intensive and produce large volumes of wastewater. All filters need to be changed eventually.  The amount of time that passes between filter changes depends on your filter’s size and how heavily it’s been used.  Check the manufacturer’s directions to ensure you’re changing your filter with the appropriate frequency. Boiling creates heat and aeration (via bubbles), the combination of which is sufficient to remove volatile chlorine after 20 minutes.  If you’re trying to dechlorinate large batches of water, however, this method is probably not practical. Boiling for at least 20 minutes will also remove chloramine, which is added instead of chlorine in some areas.
summary: Use an activated carbon filter for drinking water. Install a reverse osmosis filter in your home. Change your filter as needed. Boil chlorinated water for 20 minutes.