Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Find a milk bank you would like to join. Apply for a milk bank membership. Undergo a screening process and blood test. Follow guidelines to correctly store and transport breast milk.

Answer: Some milk banks only accept donations, but there are a lot of them out there that will pay $1 or more per ounce of breast milk. Some milk banks only accept donations in person, but many of them are open to receiving frozen and shipped milk. Take some time to search for milk banks in your area to see if there is one you like. Mothers Milk Co-op, Prolacta Bioscience, and the Human Milk Banking Association of North America are well-known organizations in the US that are hospital approved and complete rigorous screening checks. It’s generally free to join a milk bank, though some locations do require you donate your first 100 ounces of milk to defray costs before they start paying you. You can apply to almost any milk bank online. You’ll need to input your personal health history, information about your milk production, prescription drug history, and other information about your diet and health habits.  Most mothers who are selling their breast milk will complete a short telephone interview with the milk bank before moving on to the rest of the screening process. Milk banks require donor mothers to be in good health. They are looking for women who are not on most medications or supplements. Women also need to be willing to undergo blood testing (usually at the milk bank’s expense). Milk banks screen their mothers very thoroughly before accepting their milk. Moms shouldn’t use illegal drugs, smoke or use tobacco products, or regularly drink more than 2 ounces of alcohol per day. Eligible milk donors also can’t have received a blood transfusion in the last 4 months or an organ or tissue transplant in the last 12 months.  Blood banks also will not accept milk from mothers who have a positive test result for HIV, HTLV, hepatitis B or C, or syphilis.  Because milk banks regularly provide breast milk to hospitals for babies who are premature or high risk, they take extra care to not potentially introduce any bacterias or viruses to the babies. Use sterilized bags to store your pumped breast milk. In most cases, you’ll need to purchase these bags yourself. Most bags need to be labeled with your identification number at the milk bank, as well as the date the milk was expressed. The milk has to be put into the fridge or freezer shortly after pumping, generally within 30 minutes. Keep it in the fridge or freezer until it’s ready to be delivered or mailed. Milk accepted by mail should be sent via overnight shipping in a cooler and kept on ice. Some milk banks may arrange this for you, whereas others will let you incur that cost.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Warm up and stretch before exercise, cool down afterwards. Consider magnesium and calcium supplements if you're pregnant. Wear proper shoes. See a doctor for cramping that worsens when you walk.

Answer: If you work out, warming up and stretching before exercise and cooling down afterwards can help prevent cramping. Make sure you spend around 10 minutes exercising lightly and stretching before beginning a workout routine. You want to stretch after you warm up so your muscles are warm. Allow yourself five to 10 minutes after a workout to stretch again and cool down. Muscle cramps sometimes occur during pregnancy. Ask your doctor about magnesium or calcium supplements as these can sometimes help with cramps. High heels and other uncomfortable shoes can cause muscle cramps. Make sure you only purchase shoes that fit you correctly. If you're unsure of your shoe size, have your feet measured at a shoe store. Cramping that gets worse when you walk is a sign of a circulation problem. Cramps that don't stop can also point to poor circulation. As poor circulation can be a sign of a variety of medical ailments, make an appointment with your doctor to have these cramps evaluated.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Don’t let yourself suffer from acne. Reduce irritation from eczema. Pursue similar treatments for psoriasis. Ask about serums, chemical peels, bleaching, or laser treatments to treat brown spots. Discuss light therapy with your doctor. Consider more aggressive ways of treating scars.

Answer: If over-the-counter solutions just aren’t working and you can afford it, save yourself years of frustration by scheduling an appointment with a professional. Your dermatologist will likely prescribe some combination of the following:  Birth control pills for women, which works to control acne by regulating hormones. Your dermatologist might prescribe this herself, or she might recommend that you seek a prescription from your gynecologist. Antibiotics like doxycycline, minocycline, and tetracycline Topical treatments like sulfur, azelaic acid, dapsone, and benzoyl peroxide Accutane (Isotretinoin), a Vitamin-A derivative that is taken orally. Accutane is only prescribed in the most severe cases, as it requires very strict commitment and comes with many side effects and potential health risks. Your doctor will probably prescribe a topical corticosteroid (to control itching and irritation) first, but if that doesn’t work, there are several other options you can try. Be persistent — it can take time to find the right strategy. Less common treatments include the following:  Reparative creams Oral antibiotics More aggressive corticosteroid treatments Exposure to natural or artificial sunlight Although eczema and psoriasis are different conditions, dermatologists often treat them in similar ways. Psoriasis treatments aim to slow cell growth and remove scales, generally falling into three main categories.  Topical treatments like corticosteroids, synthetic vitamin D, and retinoids. Light therapy involving either daily exposure to small amounts of sunlight or targeted treatment of affected areas. Drugs that reduce inflammation (like methotrexate) or control the immune system (like cyclosporine). While you’re at the doctor’s office, be sure to rule out any potentially serious health problems — what looks like an annoying dark spot to you might look like a potentially cancerous mole to your dermatologist. Another possible treatment for acne is light therapy. Exposure to blue light can kill the bacteria that causes red, swollen (inflammatory) acne, and exposure to pulsed light and heat may also help shrink oil glands.  Your doctor may need to apply photosensitizers to your skin before treatment to make it more sensitive to light. Possible side effects include redness, crusting and peeling, changes in skin tone, and pain. Remember that your dermatologist has expertise in many different areas. He will know what treatments are right for you and, if necessary, can refer you to a plastic surgeon.  Try a chemical peel for acne scars. These treatments work by getting rid of old skin cells, allowing new ones to take their places. Their strength varies, from light peels that you can get on your lunch break to deep peels that must be done under anesthesia and require several weeks of recovery. In all cases, make sure you consult with your doctor beforehand and follow their instructions to avoid serious side effects afterwards. Explore laser treatments. For some, over-the-counter treatments won’t be enough. You will need to talk to a dermatologist about this. He will know whether you are a good candidate for laser treatment and, if so, what kind of laser to use. Even so, the scar will likely never disappear completely.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Decide which school you should apply to. Contact potential advisors. Get good grades. Score highly on the appropriate standardized tests. Write a strong personal statement. Get strong recommendations. Fill out the application as completely as possible.

Answer:
Columbia has 17 graduate schools, providing masters, doctorates, and other advanced degrees in a wide variety of fields. Each school has different processes and requirements for application, so you will need to review them carefully. You will want to work with faculty who are accomplished in your chosen field, and will likely stay on for the duration of your time in the program. If possible, visit the campus and schedule an in-person meeting with your potential instructors. Some schools will provide information sessions, or help arrange these meetings. Columbia's graduate programs are some of the best in the country, and will need to see strong collegiate performance for admittance. Pay close attention to see if your chosen program has required courses, and make sure to focus your academic energies on earning high marks in those classes. Each program will likely provide a range of GPAs accepted each year. If this information is not easily accessible through the school's website, contact the program directly to see what information they can provide. Each graduate program has its own test requirements, and acceptable ranges for admission. Contact the program directly if that information is not readily available. Make sure to take all required exams, and arrange for proper submission of scores. Make sure you can clearly articulate why you wish to study at Columbia, and how the program will help you achieve your professional goals. Ask others, particularly trusted professors, to review your essay before submission to comment on its clarity and effectiveness. If you are finishing an undergraduate degree, your current school may offer additional help through a career services office. You will want letters from college instructors who are closely familiar with your work ethic, communication skills, character, and capabilities. Instructors who have ties to Columbia, either having attended the school or knowing Columbia faculty personally, can also provide good information, if not good letters. If they are willing, take the opportunity to talk with your letter writers about why you wish to attend Columbia, which can help provide a more personalized letter that really emphasizes your strengths as an applicant. Make sure you have all required materials ready when you submit the application, and provide as many supplementary materials as the program suggests.