Article: Use the exact page that the fact or quote appeared on. If it appeared on more than 1 page, record the entire page range. You can usually find page numbers on the top or bottom corner of a page.  For example, if you found a quote on page 10 of a book, cite page 10. If the information was spread over several pages, include all of them. So you might cite pages 10-16. Sometimes, page numbers might have letters like "B1" or use Roman numerals like "iv" or "xi." In these cases, always use the type of numbering used by the source. You do not need to include the page numbers in the text of the sentence itself. This sentence should include the information on the pages that you found. If you name the author in the sentence, write the year that the source was published in parentheses next to the author’s name. For example, you might write, “Smith (2010) showed that poor hygiene was correlated with low self-esteem.” Put the parentheses before the period. How you format the citation depends on whether or not you named the author in the sentence.  If you named the author in the sentence, just put the page number at the end of the sentence. For example, “Smith (2010) showed that poor hygiene was correlated with low self-esteem (p. 40).” If you did not name the author within the text of the sentence, include the author’s last name and the year of publication before the page number in the parentheses. For example, “One study showed that poor hygiene was correlated with low self-esteem (Smith, 2010, p. 40).” If you are only citing information from a single page, you just need to put the "p." before the page number. If there are multiple consecutive pages, write "pp." before the number instead of "p." Separate the page numbers with a hyphen.  A single page number citation might look like (Smith, 2010, p. 40) or (p. 40). A citation for multiple, sequential pages might look like (Smith, 2010, pp. 40-45) or (pp. 40-45). If the information you need is on 2 or more non-consecutive pages, you should still cite all of the relevant pages. Use "pp." before the page numbers. For example, if the information started on page 40 but then continued on page 45, you would write (Smith, 2010, pp. 40, 45).
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Find the page number of your source. Write out your sentence. Write the page number in parentheses at the end of the sentence. Write p or pp before the page number. Put commas between non-sequential page numbers.

Problem: Article: Take a moment to reflect on what the text made you feel or think. The way the text affects you emotionally is also known as pathos and this is an important component of rhetoric. Write down your initial responses to the text, good and bad. Try to explain in writing why you responded the way that you did. Pinpoint the aspects of the text that evoked that response in you.  For example, if the text made you angry, what was it about the text that made you angry? If you found yourself laughing at the text, what about it was laughable? If the author of the text has a well-known background that may have informed their argument, this may help you to craft a critical analysis of the text. Look into the author’s background to see if this might help to inform why they made the argument that they did. Try checking to see what else they've written, what they are known for, and what affiliations they have.  For example, if the author is an outspoken proponent of healthcare reform, then this would likely explain any bias in an argumentative essay on universal healthcare. The author’s background may also include credentials, such as a doctorate or medical degree. This is part of the ethos of the text since having credentials may help to bolster an author’s credibility. Another way to approach your analysis is to consider how well the author has defined concepts in the text. If the concepts are poorly or inadequately defined, this will provide you with an easy way to critique the text. Identify what is inadequate or unclear about the definitions and what would have made them easier to follow. For example, if the author’s explanation of greenhouse gasses is long, full of jargon, and confusing, then you might focus on this as part of your critique. Whether or not the author has used credible evidence that supports their position is also a great way to critically analyze a text. Look at each of the sources the author has used to check them for credibility. Then, consider if the content of these sources provides good support for the author’s points. If it has, then the author has made good use of logos, or the appeal to logic.  For example, if the author has used a website that is known for being biased in favor of their argument, then this would weaken their position. However, if the author used sources that were fair and unbiased, then this would strengthen their position. Not all texts will incorporate evidence. For example, if you’re doing a critical analysis of a film or work of art, it probably won’t include secondary sources.
Summary: Think about your response to the text. Consider the author’s background and any implications of that. Determine how well the author defines concepts in the text. Examine the author’s use of evidence to see if it’s effective.

After rinsing the sting, scrape off remaining tentacle residue with a plastic object, like the edge of a credit card.  Do not attempt to rub away the tentacles with a cloth or towel, as this will cause more stinging cells to fire. Stay extremely still while you remove the tentacles. The more you move around while you attempt to remove jellyfish tentacles, the more venom will be released. If you are experiencing shock, make sure that someone has called emergency services and try to calm yourself as much as possible. Once the tentacles have been removed, relieve pain by immersing the stung area in hot water (not scalding!). Keep the water temperature around 104-113° F (40-45° C) to prevent burns. Studies have shown that heat deactivates the venom toxins, relieving pain better than ice If you are experiencing extreme pain, take a recommended dose of a painkiller, such as paracetamol or ibuprofen. Ibuprofen can also reduce inflammation associated with the sting.
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One-sentence summary --
Carefully scrape off any remaining tentacles. Manage your pain with heat. Treat pain with painkillers.