Sometimes called a crown, the typical base for a warbonnet is a round cap made from leather or felt. You may also use a long strip of material that can wrap around the wearer's head and be laced together. If intended to be worn, rather than displayed, the cap should be cut so it fits the wearer's head, extending just above the eyebrows and halfway down the ears.  Traditionally, this skullcap or headband was made from buffalo or deerskin. You can make your own crown by curling a piece of leather or felt into a dome, cutting off the overlap, then stitching the two pieces together. Lay the feathers out along the cap or band at regular intervals. Punch holes along the rim of the cap with an awl, or cut small slits using a sharp knife. There should be two holes per feather, directly on either side of the quill stem. The feathers of a warbonnet generally extend at minimum from one ear to the other, curving over the forehead. Feathers can also be worn individually or in small groups on the forehead, as a lesser status symbol. Attach the feathers to the cap by sewing a waxed leather cord through the holes on the cap, and through the feather loops, in the order you arranged them. Tie off the cord at each end with a strong knot, using glue to strengthen it if necessary. You may use strong thread instead, but this is unlikely to last. Ideally, the feathers should stay straight and parallel to each other, or flared outward in a cone shape. If the feathers fall in other directions, you may punch additional holes in the cap, halfway between the dome and the rim. Sew a second cord around the quills at this location to keep them in place. Many warbonnets, but not all, have a beaded or quilled browband displayed on the wearer's forehead. You can buy ready-made browbands at some stores, or you can make your own by gluing colored beads onto a strip of felt or leather. To attach a browband, sew it on from the center outward with a leather cord or strong thread. Sew in holes no more than ½" (1¼ cm) apart. Consider purchasing the browband from a Native American tribe of the Great Plains, to support the original practitioners of the tradition. Another common decoration or status symbol, the side drops are two long strips of fur, one hanging from each side of the warbonnet just above the ears. Traditionally, ermine tails were used, but long strips of white rabbit fur are more easily available. Sew them on using the same cord you used for the feathers or browband. The term "rosette" refers to any circular decoration on the side of the warbonnet. These may be made from beads, fur, or even additional feathers tied in a circular position. They are usually attached using additional leather cords, and may cover up the attachment points for the side drops.

Summary: Find a skullcap or headband. Punch holes into the rim of the cap. Sew a cord through the feather loops and cap holes. Add another cord (optional). Attach a browband (optional). Add side drops (optional). Make and attach rosettes (optional).


There's no longer a perception that changing jobs is flakey or disloyal. Those who change jobs every three years or so make more money than employees who stay with a company longer. Over the course of a lifetime, job hoppers are believed to make at least 50% more money. In addition to increased earnings, you'll also broaden your contacts list, gain new skills, and encounter new ways of operating and organizing a company. Do your best to get at least one job with a startup at least once in the middle of your career. By mid-career, you'll have some expertise in your field, and a startup will give you the opportunity to put what you've learned into practice most effectively.  You'll have more direct access to company leaders, allowing you to help shape its organization, operations, and goals. You'll be able to leave a visible, measurable, and lasting mark, which will help enable a wide variety of future career opportunities. “Developed and implemented new purchasing protocols for a rapidly growing firm” is a great addition to your resume. Necessity is the mother of invention, and you're more likely to gain new abilities when challenges exceed your skills. Avoid getting complacent with your current responsibilities. If you're bored, try to find new responsibilities at your current job or look for a more challenging position elsewhere.

Summary: Switch jobs every three years. Get a job at a startup company. Choose jobs with challenges that exceed your skills.


If you are using a pencil liner, consider putting your eyeliner in the fridge for 10 or so minutes if you notice it is soft. Eyeliner is made mostly of wax, and when wax is warm it melts and smudges. If you live in a warm climate or your eyeliner is above room temperature, stick it in the fridge. Apply one even layer of eyeliner to your eyelid right at your lash line. Apply more eyeliner if needed. Several thin layers of eyeliner will stay in place better than thick layers. Do not apply too much liner, because having excess liner can cause fallout and smudging. When you apply your eyeliner, use a light hand. Your eye area is very delicate and being rough on it will cause your eyes to water. Watering eyes causes makeup to shift, so be gentle when applying your liner. If you want to do everything you can to avoid smudging, avoid putting eyeliner on your waterline. Your waterline is the rim of your eyelid that is against the eye, between the base of your lashes and your eyeball. Your waterline is very sensitive, and applying eyeliner there can cause your eyes to water. Watering eyes and tearing causes your eyeliner to shift downward, giving you the smudged, raccoon look.  Some prefer the look of liner on their waterline rather than on their lash line. If you are not willing to give up putting eyeliner on your waterline, make sure that you are using a liner that is not irritating to your eyes. This may mean investing in a more expensive product than most drugstore eyeliners.
Summary: Use cooled eyeliner. Apply your eyeliner. Use a light hand. Avoid your waterline.