Q: A light year is a measure of distance equal to how far light travels in one Earth year. Because distances across the universe are so large, astronomers use light years. Without light years, discussing the distance between two stars would require the use of large, unruly numbers. Another measure of distance you may come across when learning astronomy is the parsec. It is equal to 3.26 light years. It is another way to simplify the numbers used to calculate and discuss astronomical distances. Using the common physics formula, distance equals rate times time or d = r x t, you can calculate how long a light year is: Light Year = (speed of light) x (one year). Since speed of light is represented by the variable “c”, you can rewrite the equation as d = c x t, where d is the distance of a light year, c is the speed of light and t is time.  If you want to know the distance of a light year in kilometers, you will need to find the speed of light in kilometers per second. If you want miles, you will need the speed of light in miles per second. You need to know the number of seconds in one Earth year for this calculation. Light in a vacuum travels at a velocity of 186,000 miles per second. This is the equivalent of 299,792 kilometers per second or 670,616,629 miles per hour. Here we will use the velocity in miles-per-second. For this calculation we will use the speed of light, c, equals 186,000 miles per second. This can be rewritten in scientific notation as 1.86 x 105 miles per second. To find the number of seconds in a year, you will do a series of multiplications by conversions units. To convert years to seconds you will multiply the number of days in a year times the number of hours in a day, times the number of minutes in an hour, times the number of seconds in a minute.  1 year x 365 days/year x 24 hours/day x 60 minutes/hour x 60 seconds/minute = 31,536,000 seconds.  Again, we can rewrite this large number using scientific notation as 3.154 x 107. Now that you have defined the variables for speed of light and time, you can plug them into the equation d = c x t and solve for the distance of a light year. Replace c with 1.86 x 105 miles per second and time with 3.15 x 107 seconds.  d = c x t d = (1.86 x 105) x (3.154 x 107 seconds) d = 5.8 x 1012 or 5.8 trillion miles. If you wanted to calculate in kilometers, simply replace the speed of light with the speed in kilometers per second: 3.00 x 105. The time in seconds remains the same because there is no conversion required.  d = c x t d = (3.00 x 105) x (3.154 x 107 seconds) d = 9.46 x 1012 or 9.5 trillion kilometers.
A: Define the light year. Write the formula for distance. Define the speed of light. Calculate the number of seconds in a year. Plug variables into equation and solve. Calculate the distance in kilometers.

Q: They may also take a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scan, a positron emission tomography (PET) scan, and a computed tomography (CT) scan of your body to check for any damage in your bones. You will need to wear a hospital gown and lie down in an imaging machine so your doctor can get high quality images of your bones for analysis. The bone marrow sample will consist of the removal of a small amount of fluid and a small amount of solid tissue from your bone. The sample is usually done on your pelvic bone. Your doctor will numb the area with a local anesthetic and use a needle to draw the sample. If you experiencing organ malfunctioning or organ failure, your doctor may recommend testing a sample of your abdominal fat. Your abdominal area will be numbed with local anesthetic and your doctor will remove a small sample of fat with a needle. The sample will then be tested to determine if you have low M proteins, which may be caused by multiple myeloma.
A:
Allow your doctor to X-ray your arms, legs, spine, pelvis, and skull. Let your doctor take a bone marrow sample with a needle. Provide a sample of fat from your abdomen, if needed.