Article: One of the main symptoms that mitral stenosis may present with is shortness of breath — in particular, waking in the night with breathing difficulties. The shortness of breath may get worse with exertion, and/or when lying down. The shortness of breath is caused by decreased effectiveness of blood flow with each heartbeat, due to partial blockage of the mitral valve (called "stenosis").  Your shortness of breath may progressively get worse with time. Your exercise tolerance may also decrease with time, as your condition worsens. In addition to shortness of breath, mitral stenosis often presents with fatigue beyond your normal level. Again, this is due to less effective blood circulation, and thus reduced oxygen delivery to your tissues. Over time, the increased work that your heart must do to pump blood throughout your body can lead to progressively worsening fatigue. Mitral stenosis makes it more challenging for blood to pass from your left atrium into your left ventricle. Therefore, the pressure in your left atrium builds up, and can cause a backup of blood in the lungs (because blood flows directly from the lungs into the left atrium).  As a result, mitral stenosis may cause fluid build-up in your lungs. It can also cause a cough that may or may not be accompanied by coughing up small amounts of blood. Due to the reduced effectiveness of circulating blood and oxygen distribution to key areas of your body (such as your brain), you may begin to feel dizzy, lightheaded, or faint if you have mitral stenosis. If you feel this way, it is important to sit or lie down until you feel better, to avoid passing out while standing and injuring yourself. It is also important to tell your doctor as it may be a sign of mitral stenosis or another medical condition, and it merits proper medical investigation. You may begin to notice swollen feet, ankles, and/or legs if you have mitral stenosis. This is a symptom of right heart failure, which may occur as a result of mitral stenosis. It occurs due to the backup of blood that cannot be effectively pumped through the heart. Heart palpitations may feel like unusually forceful heartbeats, or you may have the sensation of your heart "fluttering" in your chest. Either way, it feels like your heart is behaving abnormally. It is important to tell your doctor about this as it may be a sign of mitral stenosis, or of another heart condition that warrants medical attention and investigation. To diagnose mitral stenosis, your doctor will ask you about predisposing risk factors. One of the major risk factors for mitral stenosis in developing countries is a history of rheumatic fever (which can damage and scar the mitral valve). This is less common in developed countries due to more effective modes of treatment that can prevent the development of rheumatic fever. Other risk factors include calcium deposits around your mitral valve, chest radiation, certain medications, a family history of mitral stenosis, or having congenital birth defects involving the heart.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Watch for shortness of breath. Watch for any unusual fatigue. Look out for a cough and possible blood in your sputum. Take note if you are feeling episodes of dizziness or fainting. Observe for swelling in your lower extremities. Tell your doctor if you are experiencing heart "palpitations" (unusual heartbeats). Consider your risk factors.
Article: If you have been drinking at all you are at least on the spectrum of drunkenness.  You could be showing signs of impairment and slower brain function including lack of motor skills and slower reaction time, leading to the inability to operate a motor vehicle.  Some of these signs could be:  Poor balance or stumbling.  Difficulty speaking clearly and slurred words.  Abnormal behavior leading to you doing things you wouldn’t normally do if you were sober. As soon as you notice that you are showing signs of impairment, give your keys to a friend, the host or the bartender to ensure that you won’t drive until you are sober.  Make sure to only give them your car key.  Hold onto your house keys. If your friend, the host or the bartender are advising you not to drive, you are likely too drunk.  Listen to their advice and acknowledge that they are trying to help you. Bystander intervention is common when it comes to drinking and driving.  Many people will be willing to step in, take your keys and help you get home safely.  If no one if offering to help, you may need to ask.  Take a ride from a sober friend.  It is best to get in a car with someone you trust when you are in this vulnerable state. Allow the host or bartender to call a cab or car service to take you home. If you are having a difficult time finding a safe way to get home, find a place to stay which does not involve you driving.  Ask the host of the party if there is a place you can sleep.  Give them your keys and ask that they keep them in a safe place until the morning. Stay with a friend if they live nearby and are on their way home. Find a hotel within walking distance.  Call them to book a room, or have a friend help you secure one.  Ask the friend if they will walk you to the hotel and make sure you get checked in safely. There are people in your life who care about you and want to be sure that you are safe.  It may seem scary or embarrassing to call your parents or your siblings if you are too drunk to drive, but they will be glad you did.  Your safety is the most important. You may need your phone to call someone for a ride or get help from a friend.  Be sure to charge your phone before you leave the house.  It is also a good idea to bring a charger with you in case your battery dies before the end of the night or you end up staying where you are and need to get home the next morning. You may also want to invest in a portable battery charger for your phone should there not be a power outlet available.  Make sure it is fully charged before you leave your house.  Keep it handy in your pocket or your bag throughout the night.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Pay attention to your body. Give up your keys. Listen to other people. Accept help. Stay where you are. Have an emergency back-up plan. Make sure that your phone is charged.