Article: Highlights and shadows will do the most to make your drawings look photo-realistic. The more detailed and accurate the highlights and shadows, the more realistic your drawing will appear. However, before you place these highlights and shadows, you will need to decide where the source of the light is in your drawing. A light source can be something like a lamp or it can be light from a window. If outside, it can be the sun itself. The light will travel in a straight line from this source and hit the facing sides of the object you are drawing. The areas which are hidden from or blocked from the line of light will be in shadow. The further from the light, the deeper the shadow. Once you have determined where the light is coming from in your drawing, decide where your darkest shadows will be and begin your shading by making these areas dark. Shadows give drawings depth and form.  Your next step will be to add mid-level shadows. These are areas which are only partially in shadow and are not as dark as the deeply shadowed areas. Continue to build in this way until you have three to six blocked levels or areas of shading. Once you have gotten your shadows generally placed, you may want to blend these together using your fingers or a stump. This will form the smooth gradient of your shadow. Keep hard lines of a shadow if they exist, however, such as shadows from a table or other hard object. If you're newer to drawing, you may want to leave this step out because it can make your drawing look messy. Hatching and line variation. If you are using ink or do not want to use gradient shadows, you can add depth and form using carefully placed lines and textures. Make outlines thicker in areas where there would be shadows, such as the dip at the top of an apple or the spot at the back of the neck where it meets near the ear. Use lines to follow the form of an object and overlapped lines in differing directions to create the appearance of shadows. Research hatching or etching to see examples of what this looks like, and master examples of the art. Doing this type of drawing is very challenging to do well and takes a great deal of practice. It is very versatile, however. Once you have put in all of your shadows, add highlights at the spots where the light hits the objects directly. You can do this by erasing or using white charcoal or similar substances. On a face lit from the front, for example, highlights will go above the brow, down the line of the nose, at the crest of the cheek and on the chin, since these are the areas which protrude the most.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Decide your light sources. Place shadows. Place highlights.
Article: Whether you have poor night vision or are simply confused about the location of certain celestial bodies, a chart or guide can help you determine where to look. You can purchase star charts and planetary guides from a bookstore, print out free guides from the internet, or download a star/planetary guide app on your smartphone.  Remember that star charts are usually only valid for a limited period of time (typically about one month). That's because the position of stars in the sky changes over time as the earth continues along its orbit. If you consult a star chart or planetary guide out in the field, make sure you use a dim red flashlight. These flashlights are designed to provide light without affecting your eyes' ability to adjust to the darkness. If stargazing with the naked eye isn't getting you enough celestial body views, you may want to consider using a telescope or binoculars. These instruments can help assist your view by magnifying the area you look at. This can make visible objects clearer and can even bring objects invisible to the naked eye into your view.  Some experts recommend getting familiar with celestial bodies using the naked eye, then trying binoculars, and finally moving up to using a telescope. This can help you get more acclimated to the visible bodies and their place in the night sky. Compare telescopes and binoculars online before you invest in one. Read the reviews written by people who have owned a given model by searching online for the model you're interested in. Light pollution from urban areas can drastically limit your ability to see celestial bodies in the night sky. To really maximize visibility, you may want to consider visiting a dark-sky site. These designated sites have been identified by the International Dark-Sky Association (IDA) as places worth protecting against encroaching light pollution and urban development.  Common dark-sky sites include state and national parks, though other dark-sky sites are surrounded by well-lit, well-developed regions. Check the IDA website to find a dark-sky site near you.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Bring star charts and planetary guides. Get a good telescope or binoculars. Visit a dark-sky site.
Article: Too much sun exposure can cause lip discoloration, including dark spots. Keep your natural lip color safe by protecting your lips with lip balm that has at least SPF 15. It's best to use sunscreen all year long, even in the winter when the sun isn't as strong. Moisturizing your lips helps them look bright and fresh, preventing cracks and flaking. It's especially important when the air is dry and cold. To keep your lips moisturized, do the following:  After exfoliating your lips, always apply a good nourishing lip balm to keep extra moisture from escaping. If you have trouble with flaky lips, try sleeping with a humidifier. If your body is dehydrated, it'll show up in your lips. Start each day with a full glass of water. For each cup of coffee or soda you have throughout the day, drink a full glass of water to make sure you stay hydrated.  When you have alcohol, make sure to follow it with plenty of water. That way you won't wake up with dry lips. Avoid extremely salty foods, since they can dry out your lips. Smoking tobacco products can lead to lip discoloration. It also causes lip wrinkles and thinning. When you're going for a natural red color, it's best to avoid smoking altogether.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Protect them from the sun. Keep them moisturized. Stay hydrated. Avoid smoking.