INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Your kidneys may suddenly become diseased or can become diseased because another condition causes damage. For example, high blood pressure and diabetes can damage your kidneys. If the damage is severe enough, you may develop chronic kidney failure. This usually takes place over the course of several months or years. You might develop primary kidney disease if your the nephrons in your kidneys lose their ability to filter blood. Other kidney problems (like kidney stones, infection, or trauma) can damage the nephrons. Since chronic kidney disease takes time to develop, you may not notice symptoms until you already have advanced kidney disease. Watch for these symptoms of chronic kidney disease:  Increased or decreased frequency of urination Fatigue Nausea Itching and dry skin anywhere on the body Obvious blood in the urine or dark, foamy urine Muscle cramps and muscle twitches Puffiness or swelling around the eyes, feet and/or ankles Confusion Difficulty breathing, concentrating, or sleeping Decreased appetite Weakness If you have a history of high blood pressure, diabetes, or heart disease, you may have a higher risk of developing chronic kidney disease. African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans also have higher risk of kidney disease. Since some kidney diseases also have a genetic component, family history of kidney disease can mean that you're also at a higher risk. Also, talk to your doctor about all the medications you're taking, as some can adversely affect the kidneys, especially with prolonged use. If you're over 60 years old, you also have an increased risk of kidney disease. It's easy to assume that other conditions could be causing your symptoms, so if you're experiencing any symptoms you should get a medical examination to determine the exact cause. Yearly physicals are important for catching kidney disease (even before symptoms present themselves). It's also a good idea to talk with your doctor about your family history and any concerns you have about your kidney function. Your doctor will do a physical exam and order blood, urine, and imaging tests. The imaging tests can show your doctor if there are any kidney abnormalities. The blood and urine tests may reveal if your kidneys are having trouble filtering waste, protein, or nitrogen from your blood.  Your doctor may also test how well the nephrons in your kidneys are working by checking the Glomerular Filtration Rate or GFR.  Your doctor also might order a biopsy of the kidneys to determine the cause or the extent of kidney disease. Once your doctor has determined the cause of your kidney disease, you'll be treated for the other condition. For example, if a bacterial infection is causing your symptoms, you'll get antibiotics. But, since kidney disease is chronic, your doctor may only be able to treat complications. In severe cases like kidney failure, kidney dialysis or transplants are options.  To treat complications of CKD, you may be prescribed medications to treat high-blood pressure, treat anemia, lower your cholesterol, relieve swelling, and protect your bones. Your doctor might also order you to avoid certain medications, such as ibuprofen, naproxen, or other NSAIDs.

SUMMARY: Understand chronic kidney disease (CKD). Recognize symptoms of chronic kidney disease. Consider your risk factors. Know when to get medical attention. Get a diagnosis of chronic kidney disease. Follow your doctor's treatment plan.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: To set, you'll need to lean forward a bit, but only a little. Bend your knees slightly. Be ready to push up, and straighten your legs and your power source. Bend your elbows at an angle. Put your index and thumb fingers so they are almost touching their opposites. There should be a spade-type space between. Place hands so thumbs are close to the forehead's hairline. Your knees and limbs are bent at the above angles or amounts. When the ball comes, flick it up and forwards. Be sure to push off from your legs and ankles. This move is very difficult for some to master-so don't worry if you can't do this! If you're a/the setter, you play an important role and need to practice setting more than others.

SUMMARY: Position. Hands and arms. How to do this move.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Just as in English, the numbers 11 and 12 in German are outliers – they aren't formed the way the other larger numbers are. For this reason, it's easiest to learn them separately.  Eleven is "elf" (elf). Twelve is "zwölf" (tsvoolf). This is a deceptively difficult word for native English speakers to pronounce. The "teens" in German are formed similarly to the way these number-words are formed in English, although English actually gets a bit more complicated.  In German, all you have to do is take the word for ten, "zehn," which you already know. On the front of "zehn," put the word from one to nine that corresponds to the second digit of the number. So, for example, 13 in German is "dreizehn" (DRIGH-tsayn). Literally, you can think of it as "three and ten," which add up to 13. All the other number-words in the teens are formed the same way, with stress always on the first syllable. The easiest way to learn to continue counting in German is to first memorize the words for the tens – 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, and 90. Many of these words are formed by adding "zig" to the word for the initial number, as you'll see:  Twenty is "zwanzig" (TSVAHN-tsikh). Thirty is "dreißig" (DRIGH-sikh). The "ß," called an Eszett or scharfes S (sharp S), is a unique German letter pronounced essentially like the "s" sound in "kiss" or "bless." Forty is "vierzig" (FEER-tsikh). Fifty is "fünfzig" (FUUNF-tsikh). Sixty is "sechzig" (ZEKH-tsikh). Seventy is "siebzig" (ZEEP-tsikh). Eighty is "achtzig" (AHKH-tsikh). Ninety is "neunzig" (NOYN-tsikh). Once you know how to count by tens and how to count from one to nine, you have all the building blocks you need to create virtually any other number in German.  Start with the smallest number, and work up from there to build the word. For example, 21 in German is "einundzwanzig" (IGN-oont-tsvahn-tsikh). A literal translation would be "one and twenty," as "und" is the German word for "and." All numbers up to a hundred are built this way, with the word for 100 being "hundert" (HOON-dert). The word literally means "hundred," so 100 is einhundert. As you can probably guess, the building starts again here, the same as it did with the lower numbers. Write (or say) the hundreds first, then the digits that follow. Keep in mind that there's no "und" or "and" between the hundred and the other digits. Since people often say "three hundred and eleven" in English to mean 311, you might be tempted to add it in. Since you know how to pronounce the building blocks, you know how to build and pronounce some lengthy words. For example, 535 in German is "fünfhundertfünfunddreißig."

SUMMARY:
Learn the words for numbers 11 and 12. See how numbers 13 through 19 are formed. Practice counting by tens. Apply logic to formulate other numbers.