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Negative space refers to the elements of a composition where there isn’t an object or subject (like the dark shadows in an alley, or the empty parts of a blue sky). Using a lot of negative space will change the way your viewer interprets the subject of your photo, while avoiding negative space entirely will make your image feel claustrophobic and confrontational.  You can always crop your image in editing, so try to start out with more negative space when using your camera. A balance between negative space and subjects or objects results in an even composition, but that’s not always what you want! Framing refers to the specific location of a camera when a shot was taken. Framing is used to talk about the order of images inside a composition in terms of a focal point, foreground, and background. When you choose to focus on a particular object or subject and ignore others, you’re choosing how you want to frame your photo. When you’ve decided to photograph something, play around with framing by changing where you’re shooting from and modifying the amount of negative space in your image.  A focal point is where your eye immediately travels when you look at an image. The foreground refers to the objects in the front of your picture, while the background is a term that refers to all of the objects that are farther away. Look for natural frames, like doorways, windows, and bushes, and use them to play with perspective in an interesting way by shooting around them. The rule of thirds is a common method used for making smart framing decisions. Basically, imagine a 3 by 3 grid of vertical and horizontal lines in your camera. Try to keep important elements and focal points at the intersections between your vertical and horizontal lines.}} Avoid putting your subject dead-center in your image. This is an extremely traditional framing choice and your photograph won’t appear unique or interesting. People will naturally change their behavior in front of a camera. They’ll smile, look directly at the lens, and stand unnaturally. None of these behaviors make for interesting photos. If you’re shooting people, wait for them to relax before snapping your image. Just make sure that you always have permission from the person that you’re photographing! Setting the aperture between f/7 and f13 will result in an image with a balanced sharpness between the foreground and background. Use an aperture in this range when shooting landscapes to ensure that you pick up on a variety of details across the entire range of your shot. A tripod keeps your camera from moving or shaking when the lens is open. This is important when you’re using a higher aperture, since the shutter speed will need to be higher to compensate for the f-stop.
Use negative space as a visual element in your photos. Use framing techniques to shift the focus in your photo. Apply the rule of thirds to create balanced images. Wait for your subject to relax when shooting portraits. Use a tripod and higher f-stop setting for landscape shots.