Summarize the following:
You will place the toilet on these after you disconnect it from the flange. Leave enough room to work on the toilet flange, but lay the newspapers or towels close by so you don’t have to move the toilet too far. You could also place the removed toilet in a nearby tub or shower stall, but there’s a chance the bottom of the toilet will scratch up the tile and/or the tub’s finish. You’ll usually find an oval-shaped shutoff valve protruding either from the floor or the wall, behind and to the left or right of the toilet. Turn this valve clockwise to shut off the water. If closing this valve fails to shut off the water supply completely, you’ll have to shut off the water further down the line—potentially at the main shutoff valve near your water meter. Since the water supply is shut off, the tank won’t refill when you flush once and empty its water into the bowl. Flush again to empty most of the water out of the bowl. Use a wet vac, turkey baster, or large sponge to remove any remaining water in the tank and the bowl. This runs between the shutoff valve and the toilet tank, and is usually made of braided metal. Disconnect it at the coupling that attaches to the underside of the toilet tank. If you can’t loosen it by hand, use adjustable pliers or a crescent wrench to turn the coupling counterclockwise until it disconnects. A small amount of water will run out of the hose, so keep a towel handy to sop it up. You’ll find these to the left and right of the toilet base, below the bowl. They may be covered by plastic caps—if so, just pop these off by hand. Then, unscrew the nuts from the bolts (counterclockwise) by hand or with a socket or crescent wrench.  Each nut should have a metal washer beneath it, and possibly a plastic one as well. Remove these also. The new toilet flange set should come with nuts, bolts, and washers, but keep these ones handy just in case you need them. Toilets weigh between 70–120 lb (32–54 kg), so get help if you’re not sure you can lift it. To lift it alone, straddle the bowl, bend your knees, grip the underside of the toilet between the bowl and tank, and lift straight up with your legs (not your back).  You need to lift the toilet straight up to clear the 2 bolts that are sticking up through the base. Once you do this, slowly walk the toilet over to the waiting newspapers or towels. Some residual water may leak out when you do this, so have a towel handy to wipe it up. Push the towel or shirt securely into the pipe, but don’t stuff it down so far or in so tightly that you won’t be able to retrieve it later. Blocking the pipe will prevent unpleasant sewer gases from escaping. Some people wait to block up the pipe until after removing the old flange. However, by blocking it now, you stop sewer gases earlier and provide protection against accidentally losing things—wax ring bits, screws, bolts, etc.—down the pipe.

summary: Place newspapers or towels on the floor next to the toilet. Turn off the water supply to the toilet. Flush and siphon the water out of the tank and bowl. Disconnect the water supply hose. Remove the 2 nuts that attach the toilet to the floor. Lift the toilet straight up and move it to the newspapers or towels. Plug up the outflow pipe with an old towel or T-shirt.


Summarize the following:
If your plant's leaves are shriveled up, then you may not be watering your plant enough. You may also notice that many of the leaves are falling off of the plant if this is the case. Take a handful of dirt from a few inches below the surface, and squeeze it in your hand. If the soil clumps together and stains your skin, the soil is very moist. You may be overwatering. If the soil falls apart without staining your skin, the soil is dry. You may need to water more. If your plant is very wilted and droopy, it might be unhealthy as a result of over-watering. Another way to tell this is by feeling the soil just below the surface. If it's very damp, then you may be giving your plant too much water. Over-watering keeps the soil continuously moist and prevents your plant from getting enough oxygen. This can cause root rot. Carefully remove your plant from the ground or its pot and observe the roots. If they're dark, mushy, and fall apart when you touch them, your plant probably has root rot. Discolored patches often form on the leaves of plants that have been exposed to too much sunlight. These patches are typically either very dark or very light in color. Your plant may be struggling because it's not getting enough sunlight. If this is the case, then the leaves are most likely much paler and smaller than they use to be. Different types of plants need to be cared for in different ways. While herbs and vegetables thrive when they're exposed to a lot of sunlight, excessive sun causes issues for ferns. Either go online or head to a local nursery to find care information specific to your plant.
summary: Identify under-watering by shriveled leaves. Touch the soil to determine moisture level. Identify over-watering by dampness and droopiness. Check the roots for root rot. Recognize scorched plants by dark and/or bleached patches. Recognize overly shaded plants by their pale leaves. Look up care information for your plant.