Gather a group of people together who you trust to give you solid, constructive feedback. Be sure to invite in people you know who have a background in public speaking. Give your speech in front of them and then leave time afterwards for questions and comments. Repeat this process with new groups of people and then compare the comments that you’ve received. Make any necessary adjustments and continue practicing.  Think about people you know who have to give speeches or presentations on a regular basis. Ask them for their input and advice as you prepare. Practicing in this way will also help you to become desensitized when speaking in front of groups of people. Do it often enough and it will become habit and nothing to worry about. You can also join a local group, such as Toastmasters, to work on your skills. Or, you can even take a public speaking course at a local college or recreation center. For every time that you practice your speech, run through your introductory section just one more time. Really concentrate on getting comfortable with the first 30-60 seconds of your talk. Go over the intro in your mind each night before bed. This will make it less likely that you’ll stumble over it during the final talk. Expect that your anxiety level will drop significantly after you’ve completed your introductory remarks and this will help you to relax for the rest of your talk. Get a small camera and go find a room that is similar to the one that you’ll be speaking in. Set up your camera and record yourself giving your full speech. Try to recreate the final scenario as closely as possible, minus the audience. It even helps if you dress the part. Then, go back home and review the tape to see where you can improve. For example, you may find that you speak way too fast at the start of your speech. This is fixable by simply concentrating on slowing down early on. Try to gain access to the space that you will be using for your speech. Being familiar with the room will make you more comfortable for your final talk. Walk around the room and take a seat to get an audience member’s perspective. Go to the front and check out whether you’ll have a podium to use and if any of the set-up needs to be adjusted for height or movement.   It is especially important that you check out the technology, such as the computer and projection screens, to make sure that they are functioning properly and compatible with any equipment that you’ll bring along.  If you cannot look at the space well beforehand, try to arrive a little early for your speech and check everything out at that time. If you find that you are crippled by your nerves in front of audiences, you might want to make an appointment to meet with a therapist. You can work together to decide if you are suffering from social anxiety disorder (SAD), which may require both therapy and a medicated approach. A therapist might also put you in touch with a support group. If social anxiety is not an issue, a therapist can also help you overcome a phobia of public speaking. A therapist or speech pathologist may also be able to work on treating public-speaking-induced speech disorders, if you suspect you suffer from such a problem.

Summary: Practice in front of small groups of supportive friends. Spend more time practicing your intro. Film your practice sessions. Check out the space in advance. Talk with a therapist.


to visit. Ask friends, hoteliers, concierges, retailers in shopping centres, etc., where it is safe to walk and visit. Local knowledge is always preferable to even that in guidebooks, so don't be shy. Be careful, however, not to ask a stranger straight off the street. See if it is possible to go with someone who is knowledgeable about the area you want to go to if you are afraid of getting lost. Use common sense. If something doesn't feel right, don't go there, or leave quickly if you are there already. SA Places recommends that you talk to the local people before walking into the very isolated areas of Kwazulu-Natal and the the Wild Coast of Transkei on your own. Ask for copies of recent maps from the hotel or guest house.

Summary: from a member of the community about the areas that you intend to visit. Avoid walking anywhere that is isolated. Have the most up-to-date maps and information.


Once you’ve introduced the basic concepts of counting and number sequence, you can reinforce them with number games. There are an almost infinite number of possibilities. To begin with, try:  building a tower of cubes. Select a certain number or a number you are currently discussing, and create of tower made of that many cubes. create stairs. Using cubes, make towers and sort them by size. First a single cube, then, next door, two cubes together, then, next to that, three cubes. This will help reinforce sequencing and the connection to physical size and amounts. playing board games. Many board games require children to recognize the number of dots shown on the dice and then count the appropriate spaces to move forward. Basic counting songs and rhymes help children remember numbers and their sequence. There are a huge number of counting and number books available for preschoolers and kindergartners. Choose some with bright colors and beautiful pictures. ” as often as possible. Whenever counting comes up naturally, ask children to do it for you. How many plates do you need to set the table? How many books did you take from the shelf? How many pieces of candy do you have? Play games the require children to understand the relationship between numbers and their corresponding quantities. For example, have children count out a certain number of beans; then ask them to add some or take some away. Have them figure out the new number and tell you if it is more or less. Make a rectangle made up of 10 smaller squares (two rows of five). Draw dots or color in sections of the rectangle to correspond with particular numbers. Explain that the numbers get bigger moving from 1 to 10. Using beans, cubes, or some other material, make two groups on a table or desk, one to the left and one to the right. Let children tell you which side has more; then have them count to get the exact number. Note that the number is higher than the number for the other side. You can also use this technique to teach the concept of equality. Sometimes, make the two groups equal – five beans in each group, ten cubes in each group, or whatever. Let children discover this, and explain what it means.

Summary: Play basic number games. Sing counting songs. Use picture books. Ask “how many? Emphasize the relationship between numbers and quantities. Introduce ten frames. Practice comparing numbers.


You can delete any of the songs in your iTunes library directly in iTunes. Click the Music button in the upper-left corner and then click the "My Music" tab. Depending on your settings, you may see a list of all of your songs, your albums, or the artists in your library. You can click the menu in the upper-right corner to switch views.  You can search for specific songs, artists, and albums by using the search bar in the upper-right corner of the iTunes window. You can select multiple songs, artists, or albums at once by holding ⌘ Command/Ctrl and clicking each one. If you're using a Mac with a one-button mouse, hold ⌘ Command and click your selection. This will remove the downloaded file, and you'll see the iCloud Download button appear next to it. The items you select Remove Download for will remain in your iCloud Music Library and can still be found in the libraries of your other connected devices. What actually happens will vary depending on the item you are deleting:  Songs added to iTunes from folders on your computer will be deleted from your iTunes Library. You'll be prompted to keep the actual file if it is located in your iTunes Media folder. If the file was added from a different folder on your computer, it can still be found there. Songs in your iCloud Music Library will be completely deleted from all of your libraries, and will not appear on any of your connected devices.  If the song was purchased from iTunes and downloaded, you'll just delete the local copy. You can choose to hide the song when deleting it, which will remove it from all of your connected devices. If the song was purchased from iTunes but not downloaded, you'll be prompted to hide the song when you choose to delete it. Purchases are only hidden, never completely removed from your account. See the Unhiding Your Purchases section below to find your hidden purchases.
Summary: Launch iTunes on your computer. Open your music library. Find the song that you want to delete. Right-click the selected music. Select "Remove Download" to delete the local copy (purchased music only). Select "Delete" to delete the selected items.