Summarize the following:
If you are giving a planned toast at an event, spend a few moments discussing the toast with the bride or groom (in the case of a wedding) or someone closely involved in the planning. Ask them what subjects, if any, they would like you to discuss in particular as well as any subjects they want you to avoid. They can also give you some insight regarding who will be attending the event. You can also express your reservations to the toastee if you would like to participate but are too nervous to do so. Just because you are asked to give a toast does not mean you have to, especially if you suffer from social anxiety. Find out when you will be asked to speak and who will be going directly before you, if there will be a series of toasts. If you are giving a spontaneous toast then you don’t need to worry about order and will instead want to look for a good time when you can get everyone’s attention.  Rehearsal dinner toasts are usually informal with the hosts generally addressing everyone followed by anyone else who wishes to jump in. At a wedding, the best man and maid of honor offer the first toasts followed by the bride and groom. The parents then have a chance followed by any of the guests.  At a casual dinner party it is best to wait until the dinner or first course plates are collected before you offer a toast. Short toasts are the best toasts. A wedding toast should last for right around 3 minutes. If you hit 5 minutes, you have gone too long. It is best to keep a dinner party toast at a minute or less. You want to keep your audience curious for more, not begging you to wrap up. Make sure that both the content and how you deliver the toast suits the occasion. It is okay to make a few jokes, but don't include anything too lewd. It’s also a good idea to avoid cursing so you don't risk offending random attendees.  If you are really worried, run your toast by the bride or groom to gauge their reaction and ask for feedback. It is hard to establish a clear line for lewd humor, but most people find discussing sex or the wedding night to be in poor taste. Toasting practices vary across cultures, so if you are planning on giving a toast at an unfamiliar locale you may want to research the norms beforehand. Even the placement of your glass matters. For instance, in China you try to keep your rim lower than others in order to show deference and respect.

summary: Talk to the toastee. Know the speaking order. Understand any time constraints. Be aware of the atmosphere. Know the local customs and etiquette.


Summarize the following:
Bloating is caused by gas buildup in the stomach and intestines. This blockage leads to many different symptoms, such as excessive gas, frequent burping, and abdominal rumbling. You may notice visible swelling or puffiness in the abdomen. You may also experience abdominal pain, which can range from mild to intense or dull to sharp. Often, passing gas or having a bowel movement will relieve some of this pain. There are many things that can cause bloating. It can be from swallowing too much air and other gases, smoking, constipation, lactose intolerance, or overeating. Many of these can typically be helped without medical intervention. If you aren't sure about the cause of your bloating, ask your doctor.  Some conditions that commonly cause bloating include: Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD), Celiac Disease, and Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth (SIBO). Other rarer conditions may also cause bloating. More serious disorders that may cause bloating are: ascites and tumors, celiac disease, dumping syndrome, ovarian cancer, and pancreatic insufficiency.  Your doctor may give you medication for these conditions, which will vary depending on the conditions and its severity. Always follow your doctor's orders about any prescription medication. Bloating should relieve itself after a day or so with the proper food or medical treatment. It may also relieve itself on its own if it is not a severe case of bloating. However, there are some situations that require medical attention. If your symptoms do not improve within two weeks of medical treatment, See your doctor immediately if you:  Experience pain so bad you cannot go through your daily activities or if it persists for days Have excessive diarrhea Are vomiting Pass bloody stools, or have a significant change in the frequency or color of your stools Experience unintended weight loss Have chest pain

summary: Recognize the symptoms of bloating. Determine the causes of bloating. Visit your physician.


Summarize the following:
Psychiatrists and psychologists are both doctors that help people with mental health conditions like depression and anxiety. These mental health professionals both have to complete extensive training and obtain certification to practice, but they complete different types of training.  Psychologists have doctorates in psychology. They complete four to six years of post-graduate work in clinical psychology and counseling. They also have training in topics like human behavior, ethics, and making psychological assessments. Psychiatrists are medical doctors (MDs and DOs). They complete a program in medicine, do a year-long internship, and then complete a residency specializing in the diagnosis and treatment of mental health disorders. Psychologists and psychiatrists can also take different approaches to the treatment of mental health issues. Due to their training, psychologists mainly offer psychological analysis and counseling. Since psychiatrists train as medical doctors first, they can also order blood tests and complete physical exams to connect mental health issues with biological problems.  Psychologists use techniques like cognitive behavioral therapy to help patients cope with problems and to overcome mental health issues. Psychologists can also provide psychological assessments. They may look into your sleep patterns, your eating habits, and other aspects of your life to pinpoint the problem. Psychiatrists look at your mental state but also your physical health. They may order tests to determine whether your symptoms are related to underlying physical conditions. One of the major differences between psychiatrists and psychologists is that psychiatrists can prescribe medication, like antidepressants, antipsychotics, sedatives, and mood stabilizers. For example, a psychiatrist can treat depression with talk therapy alongside tests to see whether there is a physical issue, such as a thyroid problem, that may be causing your symptoms.   A psychiatrist may prescribe a medication that will treat your specific condition. For example, a psychiatrist may prescribe antidepressants to treat depression, Ritalin for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, or antipsychotic medications for hallucinations. Psychiatrists, in the same way, can order medical tests and therapies that aren’t available to psychologists. For instance, they can use electro-convulsive therapy (ECT) for conditions like severe depression, mania, and catatonia. Psychologists rely mostly on talk and behavioral therapy to help you come to terms with issues and to cope. They are not normally licensed to prescribe medicine, but psychologists in Louisiana, New Mexico, and Illinois who have received the appropriate pharmacological training are permitted to prescribe certain medications. Psychologists and psychiatrists can use talk therapy, but psychologists may rely on this treatment method more since medication is not usually part of the treatment options that they offer. Talk therapy can be quite effective and some people seem to prefer counseling to other treatment options.  Therapy has also been found to be as effective as medications in some situations, but medication may still be necessary in conjunction with talk therapy. Therefore, if you choose to see a psychiatrist, then you may need to see a therapist in addition to seeing a psychiatrist. Some psychiatrists operate medication only practices, while others offer medication and talk therapy. If the psychiatrist you are considering offers medication only, then you will need to seek talk therapy from a different mental health professional. If the psychiatrist offers medication and talk therapy, then you can see the psychiatrist for talk therapy. Keep in mind that talk therapy is essential because even though medication can be helpful, medication alone is not enough to change the way you deal with your emotions.  Talk therapy can allow you resolve conflicts with loved ones or a spouse, work through anxiety, relieve stress, cope with major changes in life, manage unhealthy behavior like anger, or deal with sexual problems. Many people also prefer talk therapy with a psychologist to medicine and a psychiatrist’s “pharmacologic” treatment. This may be because they fear becoming addicted to meds or don’t want to change their brain chemistry.
summary: Learn about the differences in training. Consider the types of treatment offered. Decide if you want medication therapy. Plan on going through talk therapy.