Problem: Article: In 1948, the United Nations General Assembly set forth the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR), which is a list of human rights inherent to all people. Members of the UN pledged to protect and promote these rights. The largest concentration of rights in the UDHR can be categorized as “civil rights,” which are rights related to one’s physical integrity and protection under the law. The first 18 tenets of the UDHR set forth individual’s civil rights, which include:  The right to equality and the right to life, liberty, and personal security. Freedom from discrimination, slavery, and from torture and degrading treatment. The right to recognition as a person before the law and equality under the law. The right to a remedy from a competent tribunal and to a fair public hearing. Freedom from arbitrary arrest and exile and from interference with privacy, family, home and correspondence. The right to be considered innocent until proven guilty. The right to free movement in and out of one’s own country and the right to asylum from persecution in other countries. The right to a nationality and the freedom to change it. The right to marriage and family, and to own property. Freedom of belief and religion. Human rights that are political in nature include those rights related to a person’s participation in government and the freedom from governmental intrusion. These rights are set forth in Articles 19 to 21 of the UDHR and include:  Freedom of opinion and expression and the right to information. Freedom of peaceful assembly and association. The right to participate in government, equal access to public service in his or her country, and the right to vote in free elections. These rights establish the conditions that are necessary for individuals to prosper and to have an adequate standard of living. Articles 22 to 26 of the UDHR set forth economic and social rights, which include:  The right to social security. The right to participate in desirable work and to join trade unions. The right to rest and leisure and an adequate living standard for one’s health and well-being. The right to education, which is free during elementary and fundamental stages of development. Article 27 of the UDHR sets forth a person’s cultural rights. These rights include the right to participate in the cultural life of the community and the protection of the moral and material interest in a person’s own scientific, literary or artistic production.
Summary: Recognize civil rights. Identify political rights. Recognize economic and social rights. Be aware of cultural rights.

Problem: Article: While backfiring can be done manually with relative ease in old cars, it's important you have an understanding of what backfiring is, and what causes it. A misplaced spark or unexpected burst of fuel or air will cause a loud burst from the engine. While modern cars come equipped with systems to regulate these aspects via an Engine Control Unit (ECU), older cars (roughly before 1990) are far more malleable.  It's important to keep in mind the reasons why regulating systems were installed in the first place. Excessive backfiring is very unhealthy for your vehicle, and can ultimately result in having to replace parts. Bring it to a steady rev. Prepare the vehicle as you regularly would. Normal safety checks (including dripping oil) are much more important here, as you'll be charging an open flame. The location in which you do this must be open, and relatively free of things that might get caught by the flame. This includes anyone who may be watching. Keep that at a healthy distance-- around 10 meters (33 ft) should be good. This will prep your car for some backfiring. Ideally, you don't want to start moving fast while you're turning on the engine, so keep the pressure light. Keep your foot on the gas pedal as it starts up. Once it's up, press the accelerator down as hard as you can. This should cause the car to backfire.
Summary: Consider the reasons that cars backfire. Start your vehicle. Turn the engine off again, with your foot on the gas pedal. Wait a few seconds, then restart the car.

Problem: Article: Boston Terriers are good-natured dogs, but they can require a little extra care and attention when it comes to training. In particular, they tend to be sensitive to angry voices. Snapping or yelling at your dog can overwhelm it and make it unresponsive to further training, so resist the urge to respond to the dog's bad behavior with your own. Instead, use positive reinforcement, which Bostons respond very well to. When your dog gives you the behavior that you want, reward it with affection, play, or a small treat. Withhold your affection for bad behavior, rather than responding with anger. This is another training area where Boston Terriers require a little more work than the average dog.  While your dog is learning this important behavior, be patient and persistent — with consistent, regular training, it will learn. See our housetraining article for specific training strategies. A few tips to remember include:  Try not to leave your dog unsupervised indoors before it's house trained. If you have to leave, use a crate or kennel. Dogs almost never soil the place that they sleep. Let your dog out frequently. Ideally, you'll want to give it a chance to use the bathroom after it wakes up, before it goes to bed, after meals, and before and after you put it in a crate. Praise or reward your dog every time it goes to the bathroom outdoors. As noted above, Bostons respond well to positive reinforcement.  If you catch your dog in the act, use a stern "NO" to get it to stop. Don't scold or hit it. This can confuse the dog, making it more difficult to housetrain. All dogs benefit greatly from the process of socialization — introducing them to new things in a safe, controlled environment. If you can give a dog pleasant, positive experiences with new things as a puppy, you can avoid a host of behavioral problems later on in life. While it's possible to socialize a dog at any age, most professionals recommend starting around 8-12 weeks of age.  A good guide to socializing your dog is available here. The general principle is that you'll want to introduce your dog to new people, animals, objects, and places gradually and one at a time. Make your dog feel safe by staying near it and offering plenty of affection when it reacts well. Things to socialize your dog to include: children, other dogs, new places, cars, loud sounds, people who use a cane or wheelchair, odd objects like umbrellas, and so on. This is a controversial opinion among some dog owners, but there are many, many good reasons to give your dog this procedure. In addition to being quick, cheap, and safe, spaying or neutering your dog:  Prevents unwanted puppies. Results in a less-aggressive temperament. Prevents undesirable sex behaviors like humping, urine marking, and female "heat" behaviors. Prevents many types of cancer.
Summary:
Be a gentle trainer. House train your dog patiently. Socialize your dog early and consistently. Have your dog spayed or neutered.