Problem: Article: The less fit you are, the more slowly you will need to ease into your workout routine, but the quicker you will see gains. If you are already very fit, you will have to work extremely hard to further improve your cardiovascular fitness. Before you can determine your maximum heart rate – a key number for creating efficient workouts - you’ll need to estimate your overall fitness level. Remember to start low and go slow. You do not want to overdo your workouts initially. This prevents injury and allows your body to catch up.  Poor Shape – If you do not exercise at all, or have not exercised in the last eight weeks. Remember: it does not matter how thin you are. You can be very thin and still in poor cardiovascular condition. Average Shape – You participate in any aerobic activity – walking, running, biking, swimming, rowing, etc. – 3 times a week for 20 minutes. Good Shape – You run or walk at least 5 miles a week, and have regular training sessions that total over 1 hour a week. Your HRmax is just what it sounds like: the fastest your heart can beat while exercising. It is the baseline for determining the heart rate ranges you will want to hit while working out, and differs for different types of exercise – highest while running and lower while biking and swimming.  The traditional way to calculate your HRmax is to subtract your age from 220. However, this method can be off by as many as 20 beats per minute (bpm).  The HeartZones “best fit” formula to find your running HRmax: 210 minus 50% of your age minus 5% of your body weight (pounds) + 4 if male and 0 if female.  Or try the following formula: 217 – (.85 x age) and then add/subtract as follows: Subtract 3 beats for athletes in excellent shape under 30. Add 2 beats for a 50 year old athlete in excellent shape. Add 4 beats for athletes in excellent shape who are 55 and older. Subtract 3 beats for rowing training. Subtract 5 beats for bicycle training. There are two options for the SubMax test:  The 1 Mile Walking Test – Walk four continuous laps on a track as fast as is comfortable. During the last lap, take your pulse four times (while still walking), or use your heart rate monitor to determine your average heart rate.Then, add as follows:  +40 bpm if in poor shape. +50 bpm if in average shape. +60 bpm if in good shape.   The 3 Minute Step Test – Use an 8” step. Step up and down in a four-count sequence, alternating between right and left foot (aka up, up, down, down) for one full set. Do 20 sets per minute for 2 minutes and then a third set of 20 while monitoring your heart rate. Add as follows:  +55 bpm if in poor shape. +65 bpm if in average shape. +75 bpm if in good shape. You can have your physician supervise your test, or pay $75-100 for a test with an Exercise Test Technologist, certified by the ACSM. Or, you can do one of the following tests yourself:  800 Meter Track Test – Wearing a heart rate monitor, run 400 meters (1,000 ft) (1 lap) at 90-95% of your HRmax. For the second 400 meters, run as hard as you can. Record your maximum heart rate when you reach on the second lap.  Hill Test – Find a hill that takes about two minutes to run up, and is steep enough that you are breathing hard at the summit. Start the test about a 5 minute run from the hill. Start with a slow jog, then gradually accelerate so that you are running at 85% of your HRmax when you hit the base of the hill. Try to maintain your speed as you climb the hill. Note your highest heart rate on your way to the top of the hill.
Summary: Determine your starting level in order to know how frequently and hard you can work out. Decide what kind of shape you are in. Estimate your maximum heart rate (HRmax). Test your maximum heart rate with a SubMax test. Perform a max heart rate stress test for the most accurate number.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Over time, you should have a variety of discussions with your child about sex, sexuality, and reproduction. You should be prepared ahead of time in regards to what you feel most subject you feel most comfortable discussing with your child.  What are you the most comfortable talking about? Some parents feel fine discussing the technical aspects of reproduction, but others balk at the idea as they fear they don't know enough to explain it well. Some parents are okay discussing relationships, consent, and readiness for sex, but others are uncomfortable with being so casual with their kids. Know what you feel you can cover yourself, without outside material.  You should strive to frankly discuss the topics you're most comfortable with upfront and lean on outside material for areas you're less confident.  Take your child's age into consideration. You should always answer a child's question about their body, but depending on your personal parenting style you might prefer to hold off on discussing sex and reproduction itself until around 10 or 12. Some subjects too might not be an issue until your child is a teenager. It's fine to talk to your 10 year-old daughter about menstruation and what it means, but she might not understand safe sex and STDs until she's a few years older. As stated, you might have to rely on certain outside sources for some areas of the sex talk.   What Makes A Baby by Cory Silverberg is a great children's book for parents looking to explain how babies are conceived and born to young children. If you're unsure how to word the discussion in a kid-friendly manner, this can be an excellent resource.  The website BishUK provides a range of topics for parents and teens that covers not only the physical aspects of sex but its emotional impact. You could direct your child to these web pages as he reaches his teenage years.  MTV, as part of their well known Teen Mom series, has a website known as mysexlife.org that helps teenagers understand sex and sexuality and how to make safe decisions regarding their bodies.  Speakeasy, a Family Planning Association, has online guides to help parents talk to kids about sex and reproduction at a variety of ages. Many parents underestimate how much information children absorb, even at a young age, about sex and reproduction. Try to maintain a calm demeanor each time you have a discussion with your child and do not react with anger, shock, or surprise if your child reveals they already know some aspects of the topic.  If your child takes a sex ed course at school, try and figure out what is covered. You can look over the material your child brings home, but it might be better to speak to the teacher directly and ask him for a syllabus or lesson plan.  Even young children have some understanding of sex and sexuality. Children pick up on things in television and other sources of media and talk amongst themselves. Older children might fill younger children in on certain topics, and a child might ask your for further information or verification about something they heard on the playground. Handle such lines of questions calmly. If your child claims they already know something you're trying to explain, remain calm. You want your child to leave the conversation feeling positive so he feels he can come back to you with questions. You do not want to react in a way that could provoke feelings of fear or shame in your child.
Summary:
Decide what you want to discuss. Gather external resources. Understand your child probably knows more than you think.