In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Before being able to realistically discuss treatment options with your doctor, you will need to know the details of your breast cancer. Things to be aware of include whether it is present in one or both breasts, the size of the tumor, whether there is one lump or multiple lumps, and whether or not it has spread to the lymph nodes in your armpit and/or to other areas of your body (called metastasis). All of this information will help your doctor to determine the stage of your cancer, which will in turn dictate your treatment options. The stages of breast cancer are:  Stage I — The tumor is localized to the breast and is less than 2 cm in diameter. Stage II — The tumor is present in the breast and axillary (armpit) lymph nodes. It may be up to 5 cm in diameter. Stage III — The tumor is greater than 5 cm in diameter, and has spread to local areas surrounding the breast. Stage IV — The cancer has spread (metastasized) all throughout the body. This stage is unfortunately not curable. If breast cancer is detected, the most common first line of treatment is surgery. You can either receive what is called a "lumpectomy," in which only the worrisome lump is removed and not your entire breast, or a "mastectomy," in which your whole breast is removed. Some women even receive what is called a "double mastectomy," in which both breasts are removed, even if the cancer is only present in one breast. This is often to diminish their risk of developing breast cancer in the other breast down the road (as sometimes having it in one breast can predispose you to developing it in the other breast down the road).  At the time of surgery, you can opt for breast reconstruction if you wish. This can be done at the same time as your breast is removed, or it can be done at a later date. Many health care plans cover breast reconstruction surgery for women who have breast cancer. On the other hand, it is generally not covered when received for cosmetic reasons such as a breast augmentation. If your cancer is of an early enough stage, surgery alone may be enough. Radiation may or may not be done in addition to surgery depending upon the extent of your cancer. Your doctor will advise you.  It is often recommended to proceed with chemotherapy (at least hormone-based therapy) following surgery to be certain that you give yourself the absolute best chance to be cure. One of the areas of greatest growth in the treatment of (and cure for) breast cancer is in the development of a variety of different chemotherapy options. There are three classes that you can consider:  Hormonal or endocrine therapy — When you are diagnosed with breast cancer, your doctor will test for the presence of estrogen and/or progesterone (hormone) receptors on the cancer cells. If your cancer tests positive for either estrogen and/or progesterone, your doctor will suggest that you take a hormonally-based treatment such as Tamoxifen. This will inhibit any further growth of your cancer and help to give you the best chance of cure. Regular chemotherapy — If your cancer is at risk of having spread to other areas of your body, your doctor will likely recommend a standard chemotherapy regimen that travels throughout your body to hopefully eliminate any breast cancer cells that have spread beyond the breast itself. Molecularly targeted therapy — Your doctor will also test your breast cancer for a protein called HER2. If it is positive for this protein, your doctor can offer you molecularly targeted therapy to help fight the breast cancer and to optimize your chances of cure. These agents include trastuzumab and lapatinib, which both treat HER2-positive breast cancers. Since surgery is almost always the first-line approach to the treatment (and cure) of breast cancer, at the same time as the surgery is being performed the surgeon can also take a first-hand look at the lymph nodes surrounding your breast and in your armpit. Visualizing these lymph nodes is key, as the presence of cancer cells in the lymph nodes will alter your doctor's approach to treatment.  Your doctor may also do a sentinel node biopsy, in which the lymph node most likely to be infected with cancer is removed and tested. This lymph node is identified when the surgeon injects a dye or radioactive substance near the tumor, then looks for which lymph nodes are dyed or radioactive. The node is then removed and tested for cancer cells.  If the cancer has not spread to your lymph nodes, usually a combination of surgery followed by hormone therapy (such as tamoxifen) is sufficient to cure your cancer. On the other hand, if it has spread to your lymph nodes, your doctor will advise surgically removing the affected lymph nodes as well as the affected breast, and also offering you a generalized chemotherapy regimen in addition to hormone therapy. Note that, if your cancer has spread beyond your lymph nodes into distant areas of your body, a complete "cure" of your cancer will not be possible. The cancer can only be completely cured if it is isolated to the breast itself, or if your doctor is able to remove the lymph nodes prior to any further spread beyond them. Even after you have been cured of cancer (or after your breast cancer is in "remission," meaning that it can no longer be picked up on medical tests), you will need to continue with regular screening to detect any possible recurrences. Follow-up screening recommendations generally consist of:  Regular physical exams with your doctor every three to six months for the first three years following treatment, where your doctor examines your breasts for any abnormalities. This can be reduced to every six to 12 months for the next two years, and annually thereafter. Continued mammograms and a chest radiograph annually following treatment. There may be additional screening protocols in place for people with more severe cancer, or for those with a genetic syndrome who are predisposed to cancer recurrences or to cancer developing in other areas of the body.
Summary: Determine the stage and severity of your breast cancer. Opt for surgery. Consider chemotherapy. Have your axillary (armpit) lymph nodes examined. Follow-up with regular screening after treatment.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: If you are already talking to ATC, then stay on that frequency as long as you can. ATC will tell you when to change frequencies. Do not go to emergency frequency. Just tell ATC that you are "Declaring an Emergency."—They will help you get home safely. Do whatever they ask of you and be sure to get confirmation about anything you are not sure of before you take action.
Summary: Know when not to change frequencies.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: If you are experiencing a cluster headache, one of the most effective methods of near-immediate relief is to inhale 100% oxygen through a mask for a brief period of time. For this method to work properly, you’ll need to inhale pure oxygen at a rate of 7 liters (1.8 US gal) per minute through a small oxygen mask attached to an oxygen tank that your doctor prescribes for you. Simply breathe normally through the mask for 5-10 minutes.  This is a very safe method of treatment with very few side effects for those who use it. The most challenging aspect of using this method is getting access to the oxygen in the first place. You’ll need to discuss this treatment option with your doctor so that they can prescribe you a small, portable oxygen tank and an appropriate mask. Triptans are a kind of injectable medication that constricts blood vessels in the brain and are often used to help reduce migraine symptoms. You’ll need to contact your doctor for a triptan injection, usually administered in the doctor’s office.  These kinds of drugs are also available in tablet and nasal spray form, but are often less effective for treating cluster headaches. Don’t use sumatriptan (one variety of triptan medication) if you have high blood pressure or heart disease. Some local anesthetics (like lidocaine) have proven effective as treatments against cluster headaches. This medication must be given through the nose by a doctor or other trained professional. Speak to your doctor about this option if you are struggling with chronic cluster headaches.
Summary:
Inhale oxygen. Get a triptan injection. Try a local anesthetic taken intranasally.