Problem: Article: Cast-iron skillets are recommended for the best results, but you can use any frying pan you have. If you are using a cast-iron pan, you can speed up the heating process by placing it into a preheated 350° F (176° C) oven for about 20 minutes and removing it with an oven mitt. Starting with a piping hot cast-iron pan is key. Add a small amount of cooking oil to the pan. Don't use more than 1 tablespoon (0.5 ounces). If your oil smokes, your pan is a little too hot. Take it off the burner for a couple minutes and try again. When the beads of oil spread evenly and shine, the pan is ready for cooking! Place your patty in the middle of the pan and let it cook. Your burger patty will sizzle once it hits the pan and it might even smoke. This is good. Cook it for about 4 minutes. Resist the urge to poke and prod at your patty. Don't push it down into the pan. Leaving your patty alone will allow for it to form a delicious thick crust that will seal in the flavor. Once and only once, when you see the underside starting to turn brown, flip your burger. Cook for an additional 4 minutes on the other side.  The last few minutes of cooking is the perfect time to add a slice of cheese. Place a slice of cheese onto your patty and let it get perfectly melted in the last minute or so of cooking. Your burger is medium-rare at an internal temperature of 130 to 135° F (55 to 57° C). Your burger is medium at an internal temperature of 135 to 150° F (57 to 65° C). Your burger is medium well at an internal temperature of 150 to 165° F (65 to 74° C). Your burger is well done at an internal temperature of 165° F (74° C) or greater.
Summary: Preheat your skillet. Test the heat of your pan. Grill your burger. Flip your burger.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: A CD stores information just beneath the label. A scratch that tears through the label usually destroys the CD permanently. Fortunately, scratches are more common on the reflected side, and that's where toothpaste comes in handy. The laser that reads the CD needs to bounce evenly off the smooth, reflective surface. Toothpaste is just abrasive enough to wear down scratched areas to a smoother surface. Small scratches and scuff marks are much easier to repair than deep gouges. Some CD repair services can repair the disc with a special buffing machine, but these are hard to use without causing damage. Even if you can't see them, tiny flecks of dust on the CD could gouge out new scratches when rubbed with the toothpaste. To prevent this, hold the disc under cool, running water and rub it with a lint-free cloth such as cotton or microfiber. Always rub directly from the center to the edge, never in small, circular motions or along the circular pathways. Only wash the reflective side of the disc.  If the CD is very dusty, gently spray it with canned air first. If the CD is visibly greasy, use rubbing alcohol or a CD cleaning solution instead of water. Only an actual "paste" will work, not a gel. If convenient, choose a "whitening" or "tartar control" toothpaste. These tend to be more abrasive, which will help polish the CD. You might be able to look up your toothpaste brand online to find the "RDA," a measure of abrasiveness. A high RDA toothpaste usually makes a smoother surface, although that's not always true.

SUMMARY: Check both sides for damage. Wash the CD with a damp, lint-free cloth. Choose your toothpaste.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Macchiato is made with espresso, and each standard double shot will require 0.6 to 0.7 ounces (18 to 21 g) of coffee beans, depending on how strong you want the shot. Measure the beans and transfer them to a coffee grinder. Grind the beans until they're finely ground.  Finely ground coffee beans are about the size of salt grains. This is the ideal grind for espresso. You can also buy pre-ground espresso beans from grocery stores and coffee shops if you don’t have a grinder.
Summary: Grind the beans.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Try one of the following recipes to provide food enrichment that will provide mental stimulation -- and fun! -- for your bird.  Punch a hole through a rice cake and hang from a string.  Parrot breeds especially enjoy pecking and foraging their way through this treat.  Fill a paper lunch sack with nuts, pellets, dried pasta, and/or dried fruit.  Tie the sack with a piece of ribbon or string and hang in your bird's cage.  Especially eager foragers might enjoy the challenge of a double-bagged sack.  Combine chopped walnuts, sunflower seeds, diced pears and apples, and granola and add enough honey and peanut butter to create a sticky mixture.  Slather a clean pine cone with the mixture, then roll in millet seeds.  Hang in your bird's cage.  This enrichment treat is especially popular with parakeets. Just as humans have preferences, your bird will gravitate toward particular flavors and textures.  While the list of treat recipes is almost endless, considering categories is helpful. Use your observations to craft homemade bird treats that will delight your pet. If your bird refuses to eat raw vegetables, try feeding it cooked versions.  Offer nutritious foods in different shapes.  Many birds enjoy peeling their own fruits and vegetables, so offer peas in the pod, oranges with rind, or apples with skin. Quinoa-based treats provide a wonderful source of avian nutrition.  Many pet lovers have developed recipes for "birdie bread"; a quick Web search will reveal a wide variety of options. Blend fruit mixtures with ice or fruit juice.  Human baby food is also a handy ingredient. Try mixing 1/2 cup sunflower seeds, 1 cup mixed walnuts and peanuts, 1/2 dried fruit, and 1 T. dry, hard corn kernels.  Store in a tightly sealed container in a cool, dry place.
Summary:
Use food for mental enrichment. Watch which foods attract your bird. Trick picky eaters by altering the shape or temperature of their food. Make grain-based treats for birds who are grain enthusiasts. Prepare smoothies and other fruit-based treats for birds who love sweet flavors. Assemble nut, seed, and dried-fruit treats to suit a variety of birds' needs.