Summarize the following:
Take measurements of the perimeter and area of your yard. Take measurements of the length and width, then multiply these numbers to find the land's total area. Work slowly to keep the land's measurements as accurate as possible. Grid paper can keep your drawing precise. Assign each grid a certain distance to help you visualize your backyard and plan an accurate layout. You might assign each grid, for example, a distance of 1 square foot (0.093 square meters). Using your yard measurements, map out an approximate layout of your yard. Mark your yard's water source, power source, main plants or garden areas, and areas where you will install the irrigation tubing.  The water source is generally the outdoor faucet, and the power source is the way you'll turn the system on and off. Use a pencil while designing the layout in case you need to make changes or correct mistakes.

summary: Measure your yard's perimeter and area. Purchase grid paper to map out your irrigation system. Draw an approximate layout of the irrigation system.


Summarize the following:
The cap rate basically represents the estimated percent return an investor might make on an all-cash purchase of the property. Because of this, cap rate is a good statistic to use when comparing a potential acquisition to other investment opportunities of a similar nature. Cap rates allow quick, rough comparisons of the earning potential of investment properties and can help you narrow down your list of choices. For example, let's say that we're considering buying two pieces of property in the same neighborhood. One has a cap rate of 8%, while the other has a cap rate of 13%. This initial comparison favors the second property. It has a higher cap rate, so it is expected to generate more money for each dollar you spend on it. While cap rates offer the opportunity to make quick, easy comparisons between two or more pieces of property, they're far from the only factors you should consider. Real estate investment can be quite tricky - seemingly straightforward investments can be subject to market forces and unforeseen events beyond the scope of a simple cap rate calculation. At the very least, you'll also want to consider the growth potential of your property's income as well as any likely changes in the value of the property itself. For example, let's say that you buy a piece of property for $1,000,000 and you expect to make $100,000 per year from it - this gives you a cap rate of 10%. If the local housing market changes and the value of the property increases to $1,500,000 suddenly, then you may have less-lucrative cap rate of 6.66%. In this case, it may be wise to sell the property and use the profits to make another investment. However, it is also possible that the income levels may have increased, or the expense levels may have decreased. Make sure to look into all of the factors involved when determining the cap rate. If you know the cap rate of properties in the area of your investment property, you can use this information to determine how much net income your property will need to generate for the investment to be "worth it". To do this, simply multiply the property's asking price by the cap rate of similar properties in the area to find your "recommended" net income level. Note that this is essentially solving the equation (Net income/Asking price) = cap rate for "net income". For example, if we bought a property for $400,000 in an area where most similar properties have about an 8% cap rate, we might find our "recommended" income level by multiplying 400,000 × .08 = $32,000. This represents the amount of net income the property would need to generate per year to get an 8% cap rate. However, keep in mind that you cannot set rental rates based on the cap rate. They must be based on market rates and consider how this rental would compare to other rentals in the area.

summary: Use cap rates to quickly compare similar investment opportunities. Don't use cap rate as the sole factor when determining an investment's health. Use the cap rate to justify the income level of the investment property.


Summarize the following:
The goal may be to understand the challenges of an organization or to solve interdepartmental conflicts. Certain facts or challenges may be common in the particular industry. For example, software bugs may be a common problem in the technology industry, requiring extensive product testing and quality control teams. Explain relevant factors to readers. Case studies for academic programs typically require reference to theories and information presented in class. Refer to these theories and explain their relevance to solving the real-life issues in the case. For example, a theory may be that training employees in too large a group leads to less individualized attention and inadequate skills mastery.
summary: Explain the aim of the case study in the opening paragraph. Provide an industry or company overview. Outline relevant theories and knowledge.