INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Do moderate exercise for at least 30 minutes a day for 4–5 days per week so you stay healthy. Eat healthy meals that contain lean meat, whole grains, fruits, and vegetables so you get a balanced diet. Work to lose no more than 1–2 pounds (0.45–0.91 kg) per week so you stay healthy and prevent heartburn flareups.  Excess body weight can put pressure on your stomach and force acid back into your throat. Talk to your doctor about setting up a weight-loss plan that will work best for you and your condition. Avoid clothes that are tight around your waist or chest since they could put too much pressure on your stomach and give you heartburn. Look for clothes that don’t press tightly against your skin and are comfortable to wear. Try to sit or stand straight up so your head stays above your stomach. Avoid fully reclining or doing strenuous activities right after you eat since stomach acid will flow back into your throat. Allow your stomach to settle completely to reduce your chances of getting heartburn. Don’t have big meals right before going to sleep since you may have trouble falling asleep. Stress can make your stomach upset and lead to heartburn, so do your best to stay calm. Close your eyes and take deep, slow breaths so you relax. Try incorporating meditation or yoga into your daily routine so you can manage your stress easier. Try keeping a stress journal so you can keep track of the things that stress you out so you can manage similar situations in the future. If possible, put wooden or cement blocks underneath the head of your bed. Try to raise the top of your bed 6–9 inches (15–23 cm) to keep your upper body elevated while you sleep. Otherwise, look for a mattress wedge to insert between your mattress and frame. When you sleep, keep your upper body on the raised end so stomach acid can’t flow into your throat. You can buy mattress wedges online or at your local drugstore. Smoking makes the muscles in your throat weaker so stomach acid is more likely to come back up. Do your best to cut smoking of any kind from your daily routine so you can start feeling better. If you have trouble quitting, talk to your doctor to see if any treatments will work for you. Smoking can also cause inflammation which will make your heartburn feel more painful.

SUMMARY: Maintain a healthy body weight to prevent acid from going into your throat. Wear loose-fitting clothing to ease pressure from your stomach. Wait 3 hours after eating before you lie down or exercise. Practice relaxation techniques so you don’t get stressed out. Elevate the head of your bed if you get heartburn when you sleep. Quit smoking to make your throat muscles stronger.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: The formula for calculating percentage error is simple: [(|Approximate Value - Exact Value|) / Exact Value] x 100. You will use this as a reference to plug in the two values you need to know.  The approximate value is your estimated value, and the exact value is the real value. For example, if you guess that there will be 9 oranges in a bag, but there are actually 10, 9 is the approximate value, and 10 is your exact value. In the example of oranges, you will subtract 10 (the exact value) from 9 (the estimated value). In this case, the result is 9 - 10 = -1.  This difference is considered the magnitude of difference in approximate and estimated values. This begins to tell you how far off the results were from what they were expected to be. Since the formula uses the absolute value of the difference, you can discard a negative sign. In this example, -1 will become just 1.  In the oranges example, 9 - 10 = -1. The absolute value of -1, written as |-1|, is 1. If your result is positive, leave the number as it is. For example, 12 apples (approximate) - 10 apples (exact) = 2. The absolute value of 2 (|2|) is just 2. In statistics, taking the absolute value simply means you don't care which direction your guess was off (either too high—positive—or too low—negative). You just want to know how far off the estimate was from the exact value. Either with a calculator or by hand, divide the top number by the absolute value of your exact variable. In this example, the exact value is already positive, so you just need to divide 1 (from the previous step) by 10 (the exact number of oranges).  For this example, 1/|10| = 1/10. In some cases, the exact value might be a negative number to begin with. If this is the case, you want to ignore the negative (i.e. take the absolute value of the exact number).
Summary: Write down the formula for percentage error. Subtract the exact value from the approximate one. Find the absolute value of the top result. Divide that result by the absolute exact value.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Do this before you put it on your dog. There are many different kinds of electronic remote training collars available and you need to know how to operate the collar before trying it on your dog. Make sure both function before you put them on your dog. Also make sure that the system is turned off and set to the lowest setting before attaching it to a dog. This will assure that you don't shock the dog on accident. Some collars have small prongs that need to touch the skin of the dog, but you don't want them to cause discomfort. Make sure that the collar is tight enough that it won't fall off and that the prongs touch the dog's neck, but don't make it so tight that it is uncomfortable for the dog or restricts its breathing. Do not use the collar right away. Instead, let your dog get used to it. This way, the dog will associate the collar with good times and fun, instead of punishment. The goal behind using an electronic collar is to make the dog think that the negative behavior you are trying to stop is causing the shock, not the collar. If you put the collar on the dog and immediately start shocking it, the dog may quickly figure out that the problem is with the collar. Start at the lowest level of stimulation and observe your dog when you activate it. The dog's ear might twitch or it may move its head as if trying to get away from the collar. If your dog doesn't respond at the lowest stimulation, slowly turn the transmitter to the next level and try again. When you train your dog with an electronic collar, begin with commands the dog is familiar with. Say the command, such as sit or stay, and wait for your dog to respond. If your dog is not paying attention, press the button on your transmitter and repeat the command.  Set the transmitter to the lowest level of stimulation your dog reacts to. When you use an electronic collar, you want to train your dog, not hurt him. Praise your dog as soon as it responds. Reward it with a pat, by saying "good dog," or with a special treat. When you train dogs, you want to reinforce their good behavior with a reward. You may use an electronic collar to manage annoying or aggressive behavior. For instance, if your dog digs holes in the backyard whenever you let him outside, be ready to use an electronic collar to train him when you let him out. When the dog begins to dig, or engage in whatever behavior you want to control, activate the transmitter. Do not hold the button down for more than 3 seconds and do not punch it repeatedly. The object is to train your dog, not injure him. Don't let your dog see you. You don't want your dog to know you are causing the unpleasant sensation around its neck when it starts digging. Rather, you want your dog to associate the sensation with the bad behavior.

SUMMARY:
Read the instructions that come with the collar. Put the batteries in the collar and in the transmitter. Attach the collar to your dog's neck. Have the collar on your dog for a week before turning it on. Begin using your electronic remote training collar. Reinforce commands your dog understands. Control bad behavior.