Problem: Article: Respiratory rate is how many breaths you take in a minute. At birth, the average human respiratory rate ranges from 30 – 60 breaths per minute, whereas its much lower at 12 – 20 breaths per minute in adults. Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal respiration (breathing), which amounts to about 0.5 L in both men and women.  Tidal volumes increase during deep sleep and with relaxation, but decrease with stress, nervousness and panic attacks. In contrast, residual lung volume does not fluctuate with states of consciousness or mood. Men have slightly higher residual lung volumes because they tend to have larger bodies and lungs. When you exhale while breathing normally, the volume of air left in your lungs is called the functional residual capacity, which is NOT your residual volume. Instead, the residual volume is the air left in your lungs after a forced exhalation, which indirectly measures the strength of your respiratory muscles (diaphragm, intercostal muscles, etc.) as well as the health of your lung tissues.  Shallow breathing (due to asthma, for example) results in a larger functional residual capacity, whereas a larger residual lung volume is a sign of good fitness and healthy lung tissue. Average functional residual capacity is about 2.3 L of air in men and 1.8 L in women. In contrast, residual lung volume is always lower than functional residual capacity — 1.2 L for men and 1.1 L for women. Although residual lung volume is the amount of air left in your lungs after you completely breathe out, the reality is that it's practically impossible to do so on your own. As such, residual lung volume isn't measured like tidal volume is, for example; instead its calculation has to be done via indirect methods such as closed circuit dilution (including helium dilution), nitrogen washout and body plethysmography.  In absence of special testing, residual lung volume can be estimated based on a proportion of body mass or vital capacity, as well as a person's height, weight and age; however, these estimates are not particularly accurate and not as helpful for determining lung diseases. Residual lung volume is reduced with restrictive lung disease, but it also changes somewhat in response to pregnancy, significant weight gain and muscle weakness due to aging.
Summary: Realize that residual lung volume is not your tidal volume. Know that residual lung volume is not the same as functional residual capacity. Remember that residual lung volume is not easy to measure.

Problem: Article: Seeking help from a mental health care provider (a psychiatrist or psychologist) is a very important part of recovering from PTSD. Going to therapy as early as possible once the PTSD has appeared is preferable, as early treatment can mean a faster recovery.  People with PTSD can also seek help in a community-based center or clinic. The longer symptoms are allowed to continue without the help of a mental health care provider, the harder it will be to change and recover from those behaviors. If your loved one has agreed to go to treatment, make it easier for them by gathering information on different therapists. You can also set up an appointment for them once your loved one has determined which therapist they would like to talk to. If your loved one refuses to get treatment, go to a counselor yourself and discuss the challenges you are facing when dealing with your loved one’s PTSD.  The counselor may be able to give you some tips on how to handle your loved one’s symptoms and refusal to get help. Tell your loved one that you went to see a therapist. Telling them about your experience will normalize going to a psychiatrist, which may make them feel better about seeking help themselves. If your loved one is having a hard time accepting the need to go to therapy, tell them that you will go to therapy with them. Therapy for families of people suffering from PTSD can be found in many community clinics.
Summary: Discuss the benefits of getting treatment with your loved one. Collect information about treatment for your loved one. Go to a counselor to seek help if your loved one refuses to go to therapy. Let your loved one know that you are willing to participate in family counseling.

Problem: Article: Place the potpourri inside a sachet. Leave it there for at least one week. Do not leave it in a dark cupboard; instead find somewhere with fresh air and indirect, cool light. It's a good idea to leave the sachet in the bag when using as well, as the scent will continue to improve the bag's own scent.
Summary: Make or purchase some potpourri. Place the sachet inside the smelly bag. Place the bag in an airy place. Check a week later.

Problem: Article: Lay the papads on a cloth in the sun for two days. This will make them hard and crisp. You can store the dried papads for a year or more and wait to cook them until you are ready to eat them. Heat oil in a pan then put the papads in the oil one at a time. The edges will curl inward then the middle will cook. When they are crisped and fried, take them out. Don’t fry them too much or they will fall apart. Turn the flame on very low on a gas stove. Grab a pair of tongs and lay the papad over the flame. Move the papad around so it does not burn and that every area of the papad gets exposed to the flame, including the edges. The papad is finished when the edges begin to curl. Get a paper towel slightly damp and rub it on the papads. Put one or two papads on a plate in the microwave. Cook them for 20-30 seconds then flip them and cook them again for 20-30 seconds. You can cook the papads in a toaster for a quick and effective method. Cut the papads in half and place each half in a toaster. Make sure your toaster is on a light toast setting and that you keep an eye on them so they don’t burn. Before handling, make sure the papads are completely cool. If you handle them too quickly, they might break. Cool fried papads on a paper towel to soak up any extra oil.
Summary:
Dry the papads in the sun. Fry the papads. Grill the papads to avoid greasiness. Microwave the papads to save time. Put the papads in a toaster. Let the papads cool.