INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Stains that have a chance to settle into leather are extremely difficult to remove. Leather's surface is porous and very delicate, so it requires a very small amount of cleaner and extreme care. To give yourself the best possible chance of getting the ink cleaned out of the leather, don't give it a chance to set in. Use a clean rag to blot up the ink from the outside of the stain, working your way in. Gently dab at the ink to get as much of it up as possible before you try to use something to clean it more thoroughly. If the stain is still fresh, warm soapy water can do the trick.  Mix 1/2 teaspoon of liquid dish washing soap with a small amount of hot water to make a solution. Stir the solution until lots of soap suds are formed. Dip a soft cloth on the soap suds and gently wipe the ink stain with the soapy cloth, gently working the suds into the upholstery and the ink stain. Be careful not to scrub, but to work by blotting gently. Use pressure to push down and absorb as much of it as possible. Isopropyl alcohol can be used to remove the ink stain from your leather upholstery, particular fresh ink stains. Older stains that have had a while to set might need multiple cleanings to get the stain out more thoroughly, so you might need to repeat as needed.  Do a spot test first. Test first the alcohol in an inconspicuous place of the upholstery to see how the leather will handle the alcohol. Damp a white cotton cloth with alcohol and use a small amount of it in a corner of the upholstery where a stain won't be obvious. Let it dry and check to make sure it hasn't left a serious secondary stain in the leather. Blot the stain with the cloth. The ink will start transferring to the cloth. Do not rub, just blot the cloth. Repeat the process until the ink stain is gone. Make sure to change the cloth when it becomes saturated with ink to prevent re-staining the upholstery. Never pour alcohol directly on the leather. Wet the cloth and wet it very sparingly. Believe it or not, many people have had success using a combination of sandwich spread and Windex to get ink out of car upholstery. Spray a small amount of window cleaner on the stain, enough to dampen it gently, then apply about a teaspoon of peanut butter on the stain and let it sit for several minutes. Wipe up the mixture thoroughly with a clean rag and go about rinsing the upholstery more thoroughly. Whatever you've used to remove the ink from the leather upholstery, you need to take steps to remove excess moisture from the area. Make sure to wipe down the area thoroughly with a very slightly damp cloth, and go back over the area with a dry towel to extract any excess moisture. . This will help prevent future stains and seal some added moisture into the leather to prevent it from cracking over time. It's essential that you treat your leather seats with conditioner immediately after removing the stain. Use a clean, soft, cotton towel and apply a small dab of leather conditioner to the affected area.

SUMMARY: Blot up the ink as quickly as possible. Try using dish soap and water. Try using a small amount of rubbing alcohol. Try peanut butter and window cleaner. Use a clean damp cloth to rinse off the solution. Follow up with a leather conditioner

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: If you get a fungal infection on your toenails or fingernails, you can see your doctor for some oral antifungal medications. Nail fungus can be treated with topical medication, oral medication or a combination of the two. Your doctor will most likely advise you to take the medication for six to 12 weeks; however, it may take up to four months for your fungal infection to fully resolve. Most topical agents cannot penetrate the nail plate and cure rates are less than 10%. The best-penetrating formulation of ciclopirox is a nail lacquer Penlac, which you apply daily for up to one year. The downside of this lacquer is that it is costly and recurrences are common; however, it is safer than oral therapy. When topical therapy is insufficient, oral agents should be considered.  Talk to your doctor about the benefits versus the risks of oral therapy.  Even with successful therapy, relapse is common.  Two most common agents used in oral therapy are itraconazole (Sporanox) and terbinafine (Lamisil).    These drugs interact with many other medications, both prescription and over-the-counter, so make sure you tell your doctor if you are taking any other medications or supplements. They can also have severe side effects, including irregular heartbeat, liver damage, decreased urine, joint pain, loss of hearing, vomiting, depression, and more. Call your doctor immediately if you experience any of these serious side effects.  Oral antifungals also require you to undergo continuous monitoring and lab tests to check for side effects. Oftentimes, the combination of an oral medication and a topical medication lead to the best results when it comes to clearing up a fungal infection. Your doctor might suggest you do a combination of these treatments. Your doctor can prescribe these to you if needed. For fungal infections that are extremely severe and/or painful, and that cannot be resolved with medical treatments alone, surgery is an option. The infected part of the nail may be cut out and removed, and the healing time will be the time it takes to grow a new nail back in its place. Surgery is used as a last resort for fungal infections that are not able to be successfully treated in any other way. You may want to try natural treatments on you fungus. If you are using an oral treatment talk to your doctor or pharmacist before trying an alternative treatment, as they may interact. Snakeroot extract can be applied to your affected nail every third day for a month, then twice a week for the second month, and once a week for the third month. Tea tree oil is also can be helpful.  Apply twice daily directly onto the nail. Even after you have cleared up and successfully treated your fungal infection, it is still important to practice preventative measures to diminish the risk of the infection recurring. It is very common for fungal infections to come back, and it is in your hands to take daily steps to prevent this.

SUMMARY:
Know what medications are available if you do develop a fungal infection. Try topical nail treatments. Ask about oral medications. Try combination therapy. Opt for surgical nail removal. Consider an alternative approach to treating nail fungus. Note that repeat infections are common.