Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Become more tolerant of "conflict," "inconsistency" or "confrontation", in the classroom. Be aware that encouraging critical thinking can promote (some) kind of a psychological discomfort in (some) students as conflicting accounts of information and ideas are argued and debated. Promote and facilitate logical and emotive ideas by both: Help students develop skills for resolving such dissonance. Allow conflicts and confrontational thinking.

Answer: By raising issues that create dissonance, you teach children how to deal with disharmony and to value having their ideas stretched in new directions. Refrain from expressing your own bias so that students have the space to debate and resolve problems without being directed by any preconceived notions. Such discomfort may motivate them to resolve their opposing views on issues.   Engage student-critical-thinking, those students must encounter the dissonance of conflicting ideas.    Dissonance discussed by Festinger (1957) promotes a psychological discomfort which occurs in the presence of an inconsistency. Inconsistency when found in opposition can motivate students to solve, stir, and resolve issues. (1) "analysis" involving dis-assembling/digesting concepts into constituent parts (recording data and statistics) and (2) "synthesis" which involves assembling concepts from information and data that may have been found by analysis. Synthesis is of the higher order of thinking compared to analysis because synthesis is creative: as in writing, designing, forming or inventing a process, system or story. Analysis is similar to detailing the elemental framework of existing concepts as in opening, displaying, explaining parts of ideas. Frager (1984) models conducting critical thinking classes and provides samples of popular issues that promote it, for example: "banning smoking in public places", the "bias infused in some sports stories", and "historical incidents written from American (individualized) and Russian (socialized) in opposing perspectives". If you find this to be useful from an instructional point of view and you're prepared to develop materials for promoting engaged thinking, and if you practice (repeatedly) using exciting, topical critical procedures, then using critical thinking activities in the classroom can produce positive, involved, and enthralling results.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Turn the main volume so it’s at 0 dB. Balance the channel faders so you can hear all of the inputs clearly. Change the treble, mid, and bass to adjust which frequencies come through. Use the gain knobs to continue increasing the volume of specific channels. Adjust the pan knobs to put the channel’s audio in the left or right speaker.

Answer: The main volume control will have numbers printed on the side so you can easily see its output level. Push the slider or turn the knob so it points at 0 dB, which is usually the middle setting. Avoid putting the main volume any louder, or else the audio will sound muffled and you won’t be able to hear channels clearly. You won’t be able to hear anything through speakers or headphones yet because the faders on each channel are still turned down. Start by pushing the slider or turning the knob clockwise on one of the channels you’re using. Continue turning up the faders for each channel that has an input attached to it so you can hear them through your speakers or headphones. Test the inputs at the same time to see if you can hear each microphone or instrument in the mix. Raise or lower the fader levels until you can hear each source of audio. Don’t turn the fader more than ¾ to the maximum volume since it could create interference and make the audio sound muffled. Each channel on your mixer has a column of knobs that control the treble, mid, and bass levels for your channel. The treble knob controls the high frequencies, the bass knob adjusts the lowest frequencies, and the mid knob changes everything in between. Listen to the audio input on the channel as you adjust the knobs to see how it changes the sound.  If the channel has a microphone attached to it, lower the bass and raise the treble to make it sound more prominent. If the channel has an instrument, try adjusting each of the knobs and playing the instrument to see how it affects the sound. There are no perfect levels for your mix since it depends on the audio sources and the sound you’re looking for. The gain knobs are usually located at the top of each channel and are labeled “Gain.” Slowly adjust the gain knob for the channel that you want to boost the audio for and test it compared to the rest of the instruments to see if you can clearly hear it. You don’t need to raise the gain for every input you’re using. If you do, all of the audio sources will sound muffled. The pan knobs control the balance between the left and right speakers, and they are usually located directly above the channel faders. When the knob points down the middle, the audio will play equally through the left and right speakers. Turn the knob left if you want the audio to be more prominent from the left side, or set it right if you want to hear it more on the right side. Continue adjusting the pan for each channel.  If you leave all of your audio sources panned in the middle, then the mix may sound flat. You can turn the knob slightly away from the middle if you want the input to come through both speakers but be more prominent in one of them.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Acknowledge the beggar. Refuse to give money politely. Ask the beggar what they need. Offer food. Direct the beggar to a shelter.

Answer: Instead of ignoring them, look at them. Nod, smile, or say hello to show you are aware of their presence. This is a compassionate response that won’t cost you any money. A flat “No” to their request might seem rude and uncaring. Instead, try something like, “I’d like to help, but I don’t have any cash.” It’s respectful, and it allows you to avoid feeling like a villain. You could give your spare change, but you can’t control what it will be used for. Instead, if it’s safe to do so, ask what they would like to buy. If they need a bus ticket, offer to buy one for them. If they’re wearing shoes in poor condition or covering themselves with newspapers, ask their shoe size or offer to bring a blanket. This sees to their physical needs and also gives them the dignity and respect that money can’t buy. If you’re near a restaurant or café, offer to buy a cup of coffee or a sandwich. This will allow you to address the beggar in a way that’s helpful and open. You also can at least be assured they’ll have food or a warm beverage. Keep in mind some beggars may trade food for other goods or services. You can’t control this once you hand them the food. This doesn’t happen all the time, but it’s good to keep this in mind so you are aware of the possible downsides of giving a beggar food. If you think they might be sleeping on the street, let them know the location of the nearest homeless shelter. This will help them get off the streets, at least for a night. It will also connect them with services that could give them the means to rise out of their situation. To find shelter locations around the world, visit:  Street Link for UK shelters. Homeless Shelter Directory for shelters in the United States. Homeless Canada for shelters in Canada.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Rebuild your trust. Accept it if you can’t forget the pain. Focus your energy somewhere else. Take time to reflect. Know that only positive revenge is worth it. Move forward instead of looking back.

Answer:
Take things slow with the person and work on repairing your relationship. You may not trust the person right away and you may have some doubts about whether or not you can continue to be friends or to date each other, and that’s perfectly normal. Take things slow and hang out in low-pressure situations while giving each other space to be alone, too. Don’t open up completely to the person and have less intense conversations until you feel comfortable sharing. This may not feel as great as your relationship used to be, but if you want to go back to how things were before you were hurt, then you’ll have to take baby steps to get there. So you’ve tried everything. You’ve given yourselves time apart. You’ve shared your feelings with the person who hurt you. You’ve shown compassion and have considered the situation from that person’s perspective. You’ve tried hanging out in low-pressure situations. But no matter what you do, you can’t stop thinking about how hurt you are, being angry with the person, and doubting that you’ll ever be able to fully trust him again. Though this is unpleasant, it’s perfectly natural, and if you can’t get over it, then it’s better to admit that than to be in denial about how you feel.  Sometimes the pain is so deep that you won’t be able to brush it aside and act like nothing happened. Now you have to decide – even though you can’t forget the pain, will you be able to find a way to deal with it that allows you to still spend time with the person who hurt you? Accept it if you can’t keep being with the person. Maybe the wound was so deep that being with the person feels like picking the scab all over again. If you really just can’t get over it, then there’s no point in forcing something that just isn’t there anymore. Make sure to have other things on your mind while you’re working on rebuilding your relationship. Spend more time running and training for that 10K next month. Work on finishing that short story you’ve been working on forever so you can submit it to a local contest. Enjoy your relationships with people who haven’t hurt you. Find something else that makes you really happy and that you can look forward to, and you’ll spend less time feeling the pain.  One day, you may look as see that hey, the pain is no longer there anymore. You might have thought that would never happen, right? Staying busy will keep you moving forward and having positive things to look forward to. If you give yourself too much time to wallow, you’ll only feel worse and will be less likely to forget what happened. Though staying busy and active will help you heal faster, you shouldn’t be so busy that you don’t have a second to breathe or think about what happened to you. Make sure you have time for “me time,” that you can write in a journal about your feelings, or that you can just take some time to turn off your computer, television, and phone and focus on just inhabiting your own mind and body. Being quiet with yourself can help you figure out how you really feel about the situation; the faster you know exactly what you think, the faster you can move forward. Plan a weekly or bi-weekly date with yourself when you have nothing to do but spend time with yourself. This will help you calm down, think, and get rid of those angry feelings. You may be so hurt that you want to get the person who hurt you back to make him or her feel the same pain that you felt. However, this will only make you feel more stressed out, angry, and bitter, and it won’t solve anything. If you really feel the need to seek vengeance, then know that the best revenge you can get is just to live a great, accomplished life, to be happy, and to not let what happened get to you in the end. This may not sound as sweet as slapping the person in the face or hurting him or her the same way they hurt you, but in the end, you’ll feel much better for being your best self instead of stooping down to that person’s level. Just live your life and enjoy being yourself and doing the things you love to do. If you spend all your time trying to make the person who hurt you feel terrible, then you’ll never be able to go on. Focus on the future and all that it holds for you – whether the person who hurt you is in it or not. If all you do is wallow in the past and think about all of the ways that you were wronged and that life hasn’t been fair for you, then you’ll never be able to forgive and forget. Instead, have gratitude for all of the people who do make your life great and all of the opportunities you have and think about all of the wonderful things that lie ahead.  Focus on the goals you want to meet in the future that will make your life even better. Make a plan for achieving them instead of thinking about all of the things that went wrong for you. Continue to work on yourself. Improve those things you want to work on and see how much better you feel as you become a more caring, compassionate, and well-rounded person. You have made a choice to forgive and forget, and you should be proud of yourself for doing that, even if it takes longer than you hoped to get there.