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When mixing ingredients for your particular recipe, swap equal parts of cream of tartar for lemon juice. Most recipes call for 1/4 tsp (1.2 g) of cream of tartar. The acidity in lemon juice is similar to that in cream of tartar, so this makes for an easy swap. This is particularly a good idea if you are making lemon meringue pie. White vinegar and lemon are both very helpful substitutes that work great to mimic the effect of cream of tartar. Add equal parts of white vinegar to your eggs as you beat them to easily whisk them up and make them extra fluffy. The acidity of the vinegar helps to add volume, similar to cream of tartar.  If your recipe calls for 1/2 tsp (2.4 g) of cream of tartar, use 1/2 tsp (2.4 g) of white vinegar instead. You may have to add a little bit of sugar to taste if the mixture is too bitter. If your recipe calls for baking soda and cream of tartar, swap it out for baking powder. Baking powder is another effective leavening agent that you can use in a pinch. Use 1 tsp (14.9 g) of baking powder to replace 1/3 tsp (1.65 g) of baking soda and 2/3 tsp (3.3 g) of cream of tartar.  Baking powder is essentially a mix of baking soda and cream of tartar, so this won’t change your recipe much at all. This is a good idea if you want to add cream of tartar to blueberry pancakes, for example. If you’re making a dish with lots of milk or cream, like pies or puddings, you can use buttermilk to add acidity and replicate cream of tartar benefits. Remove 1/2 cup (118.3 mL) of liquid for every 1/4 tsp (1.2 g) of cream of tartar, and then add 1/2 cup (118.3 mL) of buttermilk instead.  Buttermilk is an acidic liquid that is left over after churning butter. It is often used in baking pancakes and birthday cakes. In some cases, you can substitute yogurt for buttermilk. Add milk to your yogurt until it is the same consistency as buttermilk, then use the same buttermilk proportions to substitute your cream of tartar. If you are making sugary toppings including icing, syrups, and frostings, leave out the cream of tartar rather than trying to find a substitute. Your topping may crystallize and get hard, but you can easily reheat it in the microwave or stovetop to soften it. Do this if you are topping cookies, frosting a cake, or stuffing donuts, for instance.

summary: Substitute lemon juice for a very effective option. Choose white vinegar if you are beating egg whites. Try baking powder if you need a leavening agent. Use buttermilk if your recipe calls for lots of dairy. Skip over the cream of tartar if you are making frostings or syrups.


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You should know your bird's body language before attempting to trim its claws. If your bird does not feel comfortable with you, you should wait until you've bonded with it a bit before trimming its claws. The experience will be more traumatic if your bird doesn't trust you.  If your bird sings, talks, or whistles in your presence, this is a sign it is comfortable with you. If your bird flaps its wings in your presence, this is also a good sign. Your bird is attempting to get your attention and is happy to see you. Your parrot may also wag its tail, much like a dog, to convey happiness. Your bird may squirm or show signs of distress during the clipping process. Therefore, have your materials ready to go before you begin clipping your bird's nails. You do not want to have to be scrambling for anything while you work.  You will need a pair of nail clippers. You can usually use nail clippers made for people as long as the blade is strong enough. If your parrot has particularly tough nails, try toenail clippers. You will need some kind of blood stopping powder in the event your bird starts bleeding. You can find this at a pet store. Make sure the powder is safe to use on birds. You will need a towel. Make sure it's a plain color, like white, as birds may be frightened of colorful towels. Do not immediately wrap your bird in the towel. This will cause too much anxiety. Instead, allow your bird to get accustomed to the towel on its own.  Lay the towel down on your hand. Coax the bird to crawl on the towel. Call it softly and say things like, "Good bird" as it approaches the towel. Let the bird stand on the towel for a few minutes. You want it to be comfortable with the towel before proceeding. You need to do this carefully to avoid injuring the bird. You do not want to put pressure on the bird's chest as you wrap it in the towel.  Drape the towel over the bird's back. Leave its head uncovered. Hold the bird at its sides without touching its chest. Wrap the towel around the bird's body. Hold the bird's head with your other hand. This will prevent it from biting. Place your thumb on one side of the head, and your index finger on the other. Hold the bird firmly enough that it cannot turn its head. Have a friend help, if necessary. You may not be able to trim your bird's nails on your own. Your friend can wrap the bird in the towel while you trim its nails.

summary: Make sure your parrot has bonded with you. Gather all your materials ahead of time. Get your bird used to the towel. Wrap the bird in the towel.


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You can use any silverware or paper napkins you like. You can choose to use napkins that are all white, solid colored, or patterned. Just make sure they are square shaped and large enough to hold your silverware.  Make sure your paper napkins are high quality and durable. You do not want them to rip while folding. Avoid cocktail napkins that are only 9 1⁄2 inches (24 cm) square. Use lunch or dinner napkins, which are typically 10 to 12 inches (25 to 30 cm) square, and large enough to hold standard size silverware. To begin, put your napkin flat on the table. Then, place your knife on the napkin so that it lies diagonally. The point of the knife should be just slightly past the corner point, about 1⁄2 inch (1.3 cm). Where you place your knife is very important, as this how far your cutlery will stick out of the napkin roll when you’re finished. Make sure the knife doesn't stick out too far, or your silverware may fall out of the napkin. If you’re worried about your silverware roll unraveling, hold it in place with a paper napkin band. You can find napkin bands in a variety of colors online or in stores. Most are self-adhesive, so all you need to do is place it tightly around the completed napkin roll and secure it in place. If you’re using napkin rolls for a wedding or other special event, you can find some online stores that allow you to customize your napkin bands. Add your personal style to the napkin roll by tying a ribbon or string around it. You can tie the ribbon or string in a simple knot, or make a bow, depending on your personal preference. If you used a napkin band to hold the napkin in place, you can tie the string or ribbon around the center of the band.  Match your silverware display to the current season or occasion. For example, for a graduation party, wrap silverware in a white napkin and a red ribbon to look like a rolled diploma. You can place all of your rolled silverware in a basket for a nice silverware display at a buffet.
summary: Obtain cutlery and a square paper napkin. Place the knife on the napkin diagonally. Use a napkin band to hold the silverware in place. Tie a string or ribbon around the napkin for added decoration.