INPUT ARTICLE: Article: If your honor code states that students are not supposed to cheat and they need to report any cheating they suspect, this sometimes works well. On assignments and exams, you can require that they sign an honor pledge stating that they did not cheat and they reported any cheating they witnessed. You may choose to not grade an assignment or exam that doesn't have a signed honor pledge attached to it. Make it clear what the consequences of cheating are when they sign the honor code. You should also have these consequences posted on the syllabus for the class, so that students can refer to it whenever needed. A key part of preventing cheating is building a relationship with your students so they don't want to disappoint or get in trouble with you. Some ways to build trust include being fair when grading, not having overly high expectations, and explaining your reasons for grades and class content. If you express your desire to build a relationship of trust with your students, and then support them and trust them in return, then they are less likely to cheat. Part of building trust with your students is showing your students that you care about them. They are less likely to break your rules if they know that you are looking after their best interests and are invested in their success. It is important to talk about academic honesty with parents, in addition to talking about it with your students. If you discuss your expectations and methods for avoiding cheating with your student's parents, they can help drive the message home to their children. This will be especially helpful for students who have very involved parents. Make homework count for only roughly 10% of a student's grade. This is typically enough to ensure that the students do the assignments. However, it will make other types of work, such as tests, more important.  Most cheating on homework is in the form of excessive collaboration or searching for answers on the internet. If you use this type of weighting and thoughtfully construct your exams, the exams will enforce the no cheating policy for homework better than you can. The students who choose to cheat will likely have their grades lowered as a result of poor performance on exams. Those who are too used to being able to freely collaborate or use the internet may have a hard time with individual assessments. This makes it so there is very little incentive for copying solutions and not very much energy needs to be put into dealing with cheating on homework. Require that students show all of their work and/or provide reasoning for the answer they arrived at. It is very easy to simply copy a final answer off of another student on an exam.  If you suspect a student copied off of another student for an exam question or changed their answer after the fact, ask them to reproduce or interpret their solution individually in your presence a few days later. If there is a large difference in their ability to produce that solution during the exam and reproduce the solution individually in your presence, cheating may have occurred. There are certain types of homework assignments that are more difficult to cheat on than others. Group projects and presentations are particularly hard for students to cheat on, unless they are all in on it together.  In a group, each student will have specific responsibilities and they will be accountable to each other for the final product. When students are working together, individual students will find it harder to cheat, since that cheating will be exposed to their classmates. While group projects and presentations will not eliminate cheating altogether, they do make cheating less likely. A very common way of cheating is submitting a modified assignment for a regrade. Having a photocopy or scan of the original will allow you to see if the resubmitted work has been altered.   Should you catch a student modifying and submitting their work for a regrade, the photocopy or scan becomes hard evidence when you report the case for academic action. This can often happen with students who are very close to the next grade up, who hope to potentially raise a B- grade to a B, for example. So, when photocopying or scanning a sample of exams before returning them, focus especially on those with scores near the grade boundaries.

SUMMARY: Review the honor code. Build trust with your students. Emphasize honesty with parents. Make homework a small part of a student's grade. Have students show their work. Assign group projects and presentations. Copy assignments before returning them to students.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: This might seem like a strange suggestion, but swallowed air is one of the biggest causes of bloating, which contributes to a rounder midsection. Simply reducing the amount of air you swallow throughout the day can trim down your tummy measurements.  Avoid carbonated beverages, even those with zero calories like carbonated water. Beverages with air in them fill your abdomen with air, which causes a bloated appearance. Avoid smoking. Smokers who inhale smoke also tend to swallow it, which bloats their stomachs. Avoid chewing gum and talking while eating. Both of these habits lead to swallowed air. Changing the way you carry yourself and sit won't make stomach fat disappear, but it will make you look slimmer by helping your body fat distribute properly across the torso rather than gathering at the midsection. Try to keep your upper body straight, your shoulders pulled back, and your head high.  When you sit, your buttocks should touch the back of your chair, and all three normal back curves should be present in your back (meaning a small towel or washcloth rolled up should fit above your buttocks).  When you stand, keep your shoulders back, pull in your stomach, and keep your feet about a hip-width apart.  If you're willing to do a little exercise, movements that strengthen your core and back can make it easier to maintain your posture while tightening up the muscles around your midsection. Try adding a few light crunches and easy back exercises to your schedule as you improve your posture. Sleeping doesn't burn fat on its own, but it is a crucial part of weight loss efforts. This is mainly because sleep deprivation (not getting enough sleep) makes most aspects of weight loss more difficult. When you aren't well-rested, it's hard to motivate yourself to get up and move. It's also hard to control cravings: you're more likely to act on impulses to eat junk food when you're already drained of energy. While everyone's sleep needs are different, the majority of adults need about seven to nine hours per night. Children and elderly people tend to need more. Surrounding yourself with people who are committed to healthy living can help you live healthier. Hanging out with health-conscious people gives you more opportunities to participate in activities that lead to weight loss. Make an effort to spend time with people who enjoy hobbies that promote healthy living, like walking, sports, cycling, nutritious home cooking, and so on. Limit your time with people who have unhealthy hobbies like eating junk food, binge-drinking, and watching hour after hour of television. If you don't have anyone in your family or circle of friends who is interested in health-conscious activities, don't be afraid to make new contacts. Join an intramural sports team or start participating in pickup games at your local park. Take a healthy cooking course or join a spin class at your local community center. There are many healthy ways to meet people — it's up to you! Some nutrition experts suggest that having an accurate idea of your own weight can promote healthy living. Keeping track of your weight forces you to think healthy — if the numbers on the scale start to go up, you'll know that it's time to reconsider your habits. A person's weight can fluctuate by as much as 10 pounds from day to day. To get an accurate average, measure yourself at the same time every day (like right after you get up). At the end of the week, add up your measurements and divide by seven. The number you get will be close to your "true" average weight.

SUMMARY:
Avoid swallowing air. Practice good posture. Get enough sleep. Find a fitness-positive support network. Start tracking your weight.