Will you be standing or sitting? Do you have room to move around a little, or will you stand in place? Where will you keep your note cards, visual aids, or other materials? What will you do with them once you're done?  Practice giving your speech in as situation as similar to your actual speech as possible. In general, you should stay fairly still while giving a speech. Small hand gestures and occasionally moving to a new spot are fine, especially if they help you feel and appear confident. If you're going to speak to a roomful of people or more, learn to project your voice, not mumble or scream. Stand with your legs shoulder width apart and your back straight. Try to speak using your diaphragm, pushing the air out from low in your chest. Use the stance and techniques described above. If you have already memorized your speech, use your index cards. Otherwise, that's okay — just read it from the page. If you speech is too long, you absolutely need to cut some material out of it or shorten the longer stories or ideas. If you're giving a commencement speech, aim for a 10 or 15 minute maximum. An election speech should be no more than a few minutes, and your teacher should be able to tell you the time limit for a class assignment speech. It's easy to rush when you're nervous. Pause at the end of each sentence. At the end of a section, before you move on to the next idea, make a longer pause and pretend you're looking across your audience making eye contact with a few people. If you can't stop rushing, work out how long you should spend on each section and write the number of minutes at the top of each index card or paragraph. Practice near a clock so you can check whether you're on pace. Start by reading your speech out loud, then try to look down at the page less and less and make eye contact with your reflection instead. Eventually, you should be able to make your speech while only referring to notes written on index cards. Use slightly different words each time once you have the main ideas down. Try not to get caught up on exact memorization; using a new phrase to communicate the written idea makes your speech sound more natural. Once you can remember each idea and connect them together smoothly, watch the mirror more closely and correct any issues you see.  Practice varying your facial expression if your face looks fixed and mechanical.  Try to vary the tone of your voice as well. Don't make it sound like you're reciting every word from memory; pretend you're speaking in ordinary conversation. Gather together your family members or friends and ask them to listen to your practice. You'll probably feel nervous, but the practice will make you more confident for the actual speech.  Try to make eye contact with different members of your audience throughout the speech. Don't stare at any one person for too long. Resist the temptation to hide by standing near a corner or large object. Don't fidget, tap your foot, or make other nervous gestures. Try slowly walking back and forth across the stage to get rid of your nervous energy. The members of the audience may pick up on problems you didn't even consider, whether with the statements you make or your delivery style. Take their advice gracefully; they're doing you a favor by letting you know what you need to improve. . Get to bed early the night before and eat full, comforting meals that won't upset your stomach. Take your mind off the event with other activities in the hours before the speech. Dressing nicely will increase your confidence and gain respect and attention from your audience.
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One-sentence summary -- Think about movement and materials. Practice speaking loudly and clearly. Time yourself while you read the speech out loud. Talk slowly and pause between ideas. Deliver your speech to a mirror until you can do it without reading. Pay attention to other details once you become comfortable with the content. Practice in front of a test audience. Use their feedback to practice more. Prepare yourself for confidence on the day of the speech


This will display all of your recent apps, including your Safari window. This will close the current instance of Safari, allowing you to try launching it again. If Safari has completely frozen your iPad, you can use this button combination to force your iPad to shut down and restart. This may take about 10 seconds. The Apple logo indicates that your iPad is restarting. It may take a minute or two for your iPad to boot back up. You'll need to enter your device's passcode after completely resetting. Once you've reset, try opening whatever it was that caused Safari to freeze.
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One-sentence summary -- Double-tap the Home button to open your recent apps. Swipe up on the Safari tab. Press and hold the Power and Home buttons if your iPad is completely frozen. Continue holding both the Power and Home buttons until you see the Apple logo. Enter your passcode. Try Safari again.


Weed barrier fabric works best if you reinstall it each year, so pick beds where you'll need to pull out plants and add new ones each year. That way, you can just pull up the barrier fabric with the plants and replace it. You obviously want water and nutrients to get through to your plants, so your fabric needs to be permeable. Check the label to see what it says. If you're not sure about your fabric, try pouring water on it. If it drips through, it's permeable. If it doesn't, it's not. Start by tacking down 1 end of the fabric at the edge of the bed with a stake or pin. Going lengthwise, pull the fabric along the whole length of the bed. Stake the end of the fabric at the other end of the bed, going over any barriers like rocks and plants. Don't worry about it overlapping the edge of the bed. Once you've staked down the fabric, go back and cut out around any barriers, such as plants or rocks. You can use regular scissors. Leave about 6 inches (15 cm) of space all around the plants. Also, cut along the edge of the bed, making the fabric align with the bed. If you're installing it in a bed that doesn't have any plants yet, you'll need to cut out spots where you want the plants to go. If your bed is wider than one piece of fabric, lay a piece next to it. Use the same principles of staking and cutting to install the fabric. Drive in stakes around the edges of the barrier, so that it stays in place. Otherwise, the fabric will come up later, and it will look unsightly in your garden bed. Once you have the fabric barrier in place, you can add mulch on top. You only need enough to cover the fabric. You can use natural mulch or gravel, whatever your preference is. However, keep in mind that organic mulch can break down into soil, creating a space for weeds to grow.
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One-sentence summary --
Pick beds that house annuals instead of perennials. Ensure your fabric is permeable. Lay the fabric out in one long piece. Cut out the pieces around barriers. Apply the next piece alongside it. Anchor the edges down. Place mulch on top.