Q: Most store-bought powdered sugar includes cornstarch, which will help stabilize the cream. Replace the granulated sugar with an equal weight of powdered sugar.  If you do not have a kitchen scale, replace 1 part granulated sugar with 1.75 parts powdered sugar. 2 tbsp (30 mL) powdered sugar is typically enough for 1 cup (240mL) cream.  Whip the cream until soft peaks form before adding most ingredients. Adding sugar too early can reduce the volume and fluffiness of your whipped cream. Stir in 2 tsp (10mL) milk powder for each cup (240mL) cream. This should add protein to support your whipped cream, without affecting the flavor. Melt two or three jumbo marshmallows by microwaving in a large bowl in 5-second intervals, or by carefully heating them in a large greased pan. They're ready when they expand and melt enough to stir together; remove from heat to avoid browning. Let cool for a couple minutes, then stir into the whipped cream once it's formed soft peaks. Mini marshmallows may contain cornstarch. This can help stabilize the cream as well, but some cooks find it more difficult to melt and mix in. Add 2 tablespoons (30mL) instant dry vanilla pudding mix once soft peaks have formed. This keeps it stiff, but adds a yellow color and artificial taste. Experiment with this one at home first, before you try it on your friend's wedding cake. Add ½ cup (120mL) crème fraîche or mascarpone cheese to the cream after soft peaks form. The result is stiffer than usual, but not as solid as other stabilizers. This will still work as a tangy cake frosting, but don't try to pipe it.  This version will still melt just as fast in the heat. Keep it in the fridge or icebox. Use the mixer attachment to gently break mascarpone into small pieces to avoid them flying out of bowl.
A: Use powdered sugar. Add dry milk powder before whipping. Mix in melted marshmallows. Try instant vanilla pudding instead. Mix crème fraîche or mascarpone cheese for slight firmness.

Article: Unless your body is accustomed to high levels of spice, choosing a faire like Thai or Indian could irritate your stomach and lead to discomfort, gas, or even worse (read: diarrhea). Not a great way to start a date. Fats are the most dense macronutrient, and can take as long as eight hours to digest. Foods like pizza or fettuccini alfredo can make you bloated, sleepy, and give you indigestion. Along the same vein, lactose-heavy foods such as mac and cheese can leave you gassy, bloated, and irritate your stomach. More pungent cheeses can also leave a lingering smell on your breath--not the best way to invite a goodnight kiss. Beans contain oligosaccharides, a sugar molecule broken down in the large intestine that releases gas. While nutritionally great for you, that might not be the best choice for a first--or tenth--date. While garlic and onions have great anti-inflammatory properties, their odor can permeate your skin for up to twenty-four hours after consumption. Unless you’re on a date with someone who loves those smells, save the pungent odors for later.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Stay away from spice. Avoid excessive fats. Skip the milk and cheese. Pass the gas. Forget the garlic and onions.

Problem: Article: You will need a piece of paper, a writing utensil, and some colored pencils or markers. Pull out a few of the colored pencils or markers and assign meaning to a few of them. For instance, you may say that orange is for topics you need to research further, a green marker is for an essential point, purple is for counterarguments, and yellow is for supporting examples.  Lay out the colored markers or pencils to which you have assigned meaning. Orient your paper so that it is in landscape position. If you don't have colored pencils or markers, don't worry. You can still make a mind map with just a pen or pencil! This can be just a word or two, or it can be the thesis you have already decided on. If you are writing about disability advocacy, for example, you could either write "Disability" or you could write "Disability is a socially and environmentally imposed issue rather than an inherent physical reality." It just depends where you are in your thinking! Circle your topic. Start writing any words or ideas that relate to the topic at hand. Draw them each in their own bubble, then draw lines to connect them to the main idea and to each other using the colors that apply. You can draw your lines as arrows, branches, or whatever other shape seems relevant.  Each thing you write down may give you another association. Write that down as well. For instance, writing "Impairment vs. disability" might remind you of "wheelchair ramps." Try to cluster related thoughts together ("wheelchair ramps"—"access to public life"), but don't worry if it doesn't always happen—you can draw a line between things you wish to connect. Look for connections between your unrelated thoughts and jot them into the picture. If you would like to take a more organized approach, you can pre-map your ideas. You might draw several bubbles and label them "Who" "What" "Where" "When" "How" and "Why," for instance. Then fill them in. You might also label them "supporting argument," "evidence," "counterargument" etc. Work swiftly so that your associations keep flowing. Don't pause to illustrate or trace perfectly straight lines—instead, try to write and sketch quickly, at the speed of your associations.  Include doodles if they occur to you, but again, don't get caught up in making them perfect. Depending on your age and essay topic, you might want to focus more on drawing pictures than writing out words. Some people type faster than they draw, or think better if they can look at an already organized structure. If drawing by hand isn't doing it for you, you can try an online template instead. While there are plenty of programs available for purpose, you can also use free online mapping tools like Bubble.us, Mind42, or Coggle.
Summary: Set up your supplies. Write your topic in the center of the page. Write down your associations. Draw empty bubbles if you're stuck. Sketch, don't draw. Use an online template instead.

Q: Like a sunflower that turns to face the light, a Norfolk Island pine will grow or lean toward light sources. To prevent the tree from growing irregularly and becoming lopsided, turn the pot a quarter turn every week. Be careful not to jostle the tree too much when you turn the pot, as these trees don't like to be moved. These trees do not like temperature extremes, and will not survive temperatures much below 35 F (2 C) or above 85 F (24 C). The ideal daytime temperature is about 65 F (16 C). The perfect nighttime temperature is slightly cooler, around 55 F (13 C). While these trees do like cooler nighttime temperatures, they do not like sudden changes. A shady corner in a sunroom is a good spot for this type of tree, since the nighttime temperature will naturally drop when the sun goes down. In their natural habitat, Norfolk Island pines grow in a tropical location by the ocean, so they like moist air. The ideal humidity for these trees is 50 percent. You can maintain that humidity by misting the tree daily with room-temperature water, or by installing a nearby humidifier. It's especially important to provide additional humidity if you live in a cold or dry climate. This type of tree doesn't require cosmetic pruning. The only pruning you should do is trimming to remove branches that die or tips that turn brown. Use sharp pruning shears to trim dead foliage. When you prune a Norfolk Pine, you prevent the cut point from growing any more. So instead of encouraging new growth, pruning will force growth to occur elsewhere, and this will change the shape of the tree.
A:
Turn the tree regularly. Maintain the right temperature. Provide the tree with additional humidity. Trim only brown or dead foliage.