In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Just like any other art mediums, charcoal comes in many varieties. However, each type of charcoal is categorized by whether it is hard or soft. Harder charcoals produce lighter cleaner edges, while softer charcoals are better for blending and making deeper lines.  The compressed charcoal stick is a hard charcoal that is great for making darker lines. Compressed charcoal also comes in white to help with highlighting.  Soft charcoals are great for blending and creating smudges throughout your piece. However, these are some of the messiest charcoals to work with.  Use powdered charcoal for a lighter look and if you are toning larger areas. However, it is generally very messy. When it comes to paper, there is a wide variety to choose from. Choosing the right paper for your piece may take some trial and error. Experiment with a few different paper styles and charcoal hardness to pick what works well for you.  Plain white paper, newsprint, bristol board, and illustration board are good choices for a drawing with smooth lines. Plain white paper also creates natural highlights easily because the gray or white of the paper combines with the color of the charcoal.  Charcoal paper, pastel papers, and watercolor papers have a fine-ribbed texture that helps create more brittle lines.  Toned papers that require you to use both white and black charcoal. Kneaded erasers can completely erase chalk. These, along with blending stumps and white chalk, can also be used to help create shadows and highlights in your drawing. It can be tricky to master drawing with charcoal because any accidental contact you have with your charcoal drawing will cause it to smudge. Start by working at an area where you can keep your drawing vertical and an area that is well-lit. You should always choose a well-lit area since charcoal drawings are on the darker side, it is difficult to see highlighting, shadows, and details of your drawing. “Fixing” your drawing once you’re done will keep any dust from the charcoal in place. Fixatives come as a spray that is applied by spraying it onto your work.  Fixatives come in 2 types, final and workable. Many artists use the workable spray because you can make small changes to your work after it has been fixed. You cannot alter your work after using the final fixative. You can use hairspray as an alternative, but be careful because it can cause the surface of your drawing to become slightly darker.
Summary: Select a variety of hard and soft charcoal. Choose plain white paper, charcoal paper, or toned paper. Purchase a kneaded eraser, blending stump, and/or white chalk. Work at an easel if you are just starting out. Pick up a fixative to hold the charcoal in place.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: This is the first step on the road to becoming a doctor. Classes like biology, physics, and chemistry will prepare you for the type of coursework you will be studying in medical school. How you perform in these types of courses will be a good indicator of whether medicine is the right field for you.  If you dislike science courses like biology and chemistry, or find that you struggle to keep up with the classes, you might want to consider getting a private tutor to help you. If you are still having trouble even with the help of a tutor, then you should reconsider pursuing medicine and explore your other interests. Getting good grades in high school will be important when it come to applying to a four-year university. The grades you receive during your sophomore and junior years are important. Be sure to complete assignments on time, study for tests and quizzes, and keep up with reading assignments. You should apply to several different universities and choose the most prestigious one, as this will increase your chances of getting into medical school. Most students who pursue medicine choose pre-med majors like Biology or Chemistry, but you don't necessarily have to graduate with a Bachelor of Sciences (BS). Students who graduate in social sciences and humanities can also be accepted to medical school.  Even if you don't graduate in sciences, you may need to complete certain requirements in chemistry, physics, general biology, and calculus. The specific requirements will vary between schools, so check around with the various medical schools you plan on applying to. Increase your chances of being accepted to a top medical school by volunteering or working in an environment that deals with public health. Volunteer at a hospital or nursing home, or find a job working in a pharmacy. The MCAT is a standardized multiple-choice test that is required for admission to medical school. The topics covered in the test include physical sciences, biological sciences, and verbal reasoning. Prepare for the test by buying an official MCAT handbook, taking practice tests, hiring a private tutor, and/or taking an MCAT preparatory class. Most medical school programs are four years long. During the first two years, you will study broader subjects like physiology, chemistry, human anatomy, and pharmacology. During your second two years, you will narrow down your focus to a specialized field, including family practice, internal medicine, and pediatrics. Annual fees for medical school average at $25,000 for state residents and $48,000 for non-residents. Consider getting a loan, grant or scholarship to help you pay for medical school. Once you have graduated from medical school, you will need to complete a three-year pediatric training program at a hospital before you can start your own practice. During this time, you will be given hands-on training and develop your skills in treating and dealing with sick patients. Over the course of the three years, you will be given an increasing amount of responsibilities and learn how to properly interact with patients.  The training program must be accredited by the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) or the American Osteopathic Association (AOA). Residencies are the most challenging part of becoming a doctor. You will be working very long hours (80-100 hours per week) and will be paid a minimum wage. Expect to devote all of your time to completing your residency; you will have very little time to spend with friends and family. You will need to receive and maintain a certification to practice pediatric medicine by the American Board of Pediatrics (ABP) or the American Osteopathic Board of Pediatrics (AOBP).  There is a limit of seven years that can pass between the time you finish your pediatric training and become board certified. Certifications expire on December 31 of the specified year of expiration, and doctors will have to renew their certifications to continue practicing.
Summary:
Obtain a high school diploma or pass the General Education Development (GED) test. Graduate from a four-year university. Take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT). Finish medical school. Complete a residency at a hospital. Get board certified.