INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Your government’s law will tell you which court to file your petition with. Generally, you will need to petition the court in the county where the missing person last lived. This county might not be where you live today. For example, your spouse might have disappeared when you were living in Cook County, Illinois. After seven years have passed, you have moved to North Carolina. You will have to get a court in Cook County to declare your spouse dead. Your court may have printed “fill in the blank” forms that you can use. You can find these forms by checking online or with the court clerk. It is probably easiest to search the Internet first. If you don’t find anything, stop into your local probate court. Generally, you can file the petition by stopping into court and asking to file. In some places, you may be able to file by mailing the petition to the court.  Always be sure to keep a copy of the petition for your records. Submit copies of supporting evidence along with the petition, such as police reports or witness affidavits. You usually have to pay a fee in order to file the petition. The fee will vary depending on your country and state. Look at your form: it should contain fee information. Your court may require that you send copies of your petition to people and institutions which have an interest in whether the missing person is declared legally dead. For example, you might have to inform any of the following:  the missing person’s spouse or civil partner other family members of the missing person, such as siblings or children any organization with an interest in the missing person, such as an insurance company Your government probably also requires that you advertise the complaint in a local newspaper. The purpose of advertising is to notify others in the community that you are trying to have the missing person declared dead. If someone in the community objects, then they can raise their objection at the hearing.  The length of time the advertisement must run will differ depending on your law. Read your government’s requirements. In England and Wales, for example, you must advertise in a newspaper located near the missing person’s last known address. The advertisement must appear within 7 days of your application. The UK government’s website has a sample text you can use. In Ohio, for example, you must advertise once a week for four weeks in a newspaper located in the county where you filed your petition. You will probably have to file proof of the advertisement with the court. The court will not go looking on its own. Instead, you should save several copies of the newspaper and submit the advertisements to the court. There may be timelines involved. For example, you might have to send the advertisement to the court five days before your hearing, or earlier. Check with your court. Within a couple months of submitting your petition, you will probably have a hearing in court. You should take a copy of your petition as well as any supporting evidence, such as police reports/witness statements.  Another family member or a member of the public might show up to challenge the declaration of death. If enough time has passed so that the presumption of death applies, then the challenger will have to produce evidence that the missing person is alive.  There may be several hearings, especially if someone challenges your petition or if the court does not think you have performed a diligent search. You can only get a copy of the death certificate if the judge declares the person presumed dead. You can ask the court clerk about how to get a copy and how much you must pay for each copy.  You should get several copies. You may need to show copies to a trustee, insurance company, or a bank. You should also keep a copy for your records.

SUMMARY: Find the appropriate court. Draft a petition. File the petition. Pay the fee. Send a copy of the petition to other family members. Advertise the complaint. Keep proof of the advertisement. Attend a court hearing. Get the death certificate.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: With Brachycephalic airway syndrome, the bony chamber of the nose is physically smaller but the soft palate that separates the back of the nose from the throat remains the same size. This is like having a curtain that's too long for a window in place. As the dog breathes in, the pressure change tends to suck the soft palate against the entrance to the trachea (windpipe), blocking it off.  This causes the French bulldog to choke and gasp for breath. Laryngeal saccules also affect breathing. These are tonsil like tissue located just inside the larynx (voice box). Changes in air pressure created by the anatomical changes have the effect of sucking the laryngeal saccules in the way of the trachea, and block it. Also, a hypoplastic trachea impacts breathing. The windpipe of French bulldogs can be much narrower than a normal windpipe. This produces increased resistance to airflow and yet more breathing problems. They will be able to diagnose breathing problems and help you to decide if you're open to the idea of surgery. Assess how bad your dog's breathing is and whether you are willing to change it surgically. Some dogs struggle so hard to breath that corrective surgery is required to improve their quality of life.  It's important to discuss whether or not your dog should get surgery with your dog's veterinarian. Unfortunately, some problems, such as the hypoplastic trachea and a large tongue, cannot be changed with surgery. Under general anesthesia, the vet cuts out a triangle of flesh from the outside border of the nostrils. This will create a larger gap for air to pass through. The effect of widening the nostrils makes it easier for the dog to breath through its nose. Under anesthesia, the surgeon assesses how much extra tissue there is at the back of the throat. He or she then trims the soft palate back. The aim is to resect (remove) enough so that there is no tissue flapping in the turbulence of the opening to the windpipe. The vet may opt to resect the laryngeal saccules. This surgery removes two obstructions from the crowded space at the back of the throat, allowing more space for air to pass.

SUMMARY: Learn about your dog's breathing. Talk to your vet. Consider nostril surgery. Discuss the option of soft palate resection. Consider resection of the laryngeal saccules.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: It isn't a set concept and it does vary for everyone. However, most people would find joy in relating to loved ones, spending time with people they care about and counting one's blessings. Write a list of the people, things and activities that bring joy into your life. Keep it simple, focusing on what is achievable. There may be things that you don't yet know about that will bring you joy. If you have a hard time determining where you can find joy, perhaps you haven't yet had sufficient new experiences to expose you to all potential sources of joy. Try new activities, meet new people and try new things. Join a new club, group, Facebook or Meetup group, sports facility, hiking group or overseas tour. Discover new things to try and meet new people.

SUMMARY:
Determine what joy means for you. Be adventurous.