Pour the drippings from the bottom of the roasting pan into the saucepan. Then add 1 tablespoon (14.2 g) of butter and 1 tablespoon (8 g) of flour and turn the stove to medium heat. Stir the mixture constantly, making sure all of the ingredients are thoroughly combined.  If you're having trouble blending the flour into the liquid, use a whisk instead of a spoon to break up large chunks. For a smoother gravy, strain the turducken drippings before you add them. Place a colander over the top of the pan and pour the drippings through it to catch any large bits. Pour 2 tablespoons (30 ml) of whole milk and 1⁄2 cup (120 ml) of chicken stock into the saucepan, continuing to whisk the liquids together as you do so. Turn the heat on the stove up to high until the contents of the pan begin to boil.  It may help to pour the liquids in gradually while you stir to make it easier to blend them. You can also substitute 1%, 2%, or skim milk for the whole milk. However, it will make your gravy thinner. Once your mixture begins boiling, turn the heat down to low or medium-low. Allow the gravy to simmer so that it thickens up to the right consistency, stirring it occasionally to prevent it from burning on the bottom of the pan.  If you prefer a thinner gravy, you can add more chicken stock after the 10 minutes are up. If you want a thicker gravy, whisk in a little more flour. Use a kitchen timer or the clock app on your phone to monitor the time. Add salt and pepper to taste if you'd like. Before serving, allow the gravy to cool off for about 5 minutes. Take it off of the stove while it cools so the gravy at the bottom of the pan doesn't scorch. If you aren't using the gravy immediately, store it in an airtight container in the refrigerator for up to 1 week or in the freezer for up to 3 months.
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One-sentence summary -- Heat the turducken drippings, butter, and flour in a saucepan. Stir in the whole milk and chicken stock and bring the mixture to a boil. Reduce the heat and let the gravy simmer for 10 minutes. Remove the pan from the heat and let the gravy cool slightly.


Dog socialization means learning to be a part of human and dog society in a healthy manner. Bernese Mountain Dogs are known to be a little aloof, so socializing in the first year of life is especially important. While it’s an important part of any puppy’s training, for a giant breed of dog it’s imperative. Begin by introducing the dog to normal household noises and activity in a non-threatening manner. Don’t tease your puppy by chasing it with a broom or vacuum. This will only make it fear these things and maybe even you. Take your puppy for car rides to get it used to riding in vehicles and to introduce them to street sights and sounds through the windows. Dog parks (with your puppy safely leashed) are another good way to interact with other dogs and humans. Puppies can be brought to these places after they have had their first two distemper vaccines.  Do not let your puppy off leash unless you are certain it will get along with other dogs and humans. One of the most productive ways to introduce a puppy to other puppies, humans, and normal sights and sounds is to take them to puppy socialization or obedience classes (for older dogs). These classes are held by community education, 4-H clubs, or pet shops and give the dogs and owners a safe place to learn together. Look through your local newspaper or on-line to find classes near you. Your veterinarian’s office may also know of any classes available.
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One-sentence summary -- Begin socializing early. Take your puppy out into the world. Enroll in a socialization or obedience class.


You will need a light source and a spectrophotometer. These are available in science lab supply stores. The spectrophotometer will have instructions for the proper usage of the model you bought. This equipment is inexpensive and easy to use, so this is one of the more common methods for measuring bacterial growth. In layman’s terms, turbidity is how cloudy your sample is. You should get a turbidity reading, which is measured in NTU (Nephelometric Turbidity Units). Your spectrophotometer may take some calibration before you can accurately measure the turbidity of your sample, so consult the manufacturer's reference manual prior to use. Turbidity corresponds to the amount of bacteria in the sample. The spectrophotometer will also tell you the percent transmission (%T). This number will be higher if the turbidity is lower. Compare your numbers from different tests to measure bacterial growth.
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One-sentence summary -- Get the necessary equipment. Shine the light through the sample. Make some notes.


Your artist's statement should stand on its own.  Someone should be able to read your statement and imagine what your work looks like. Create a list of words and phrases that describe your work, your process, and your influences. Once you have created your list, edit down your list to the items that most reflect your work and who you are as an artist.  Create sentences using the words and phrases that you have identified. You can combine and arrange your sentences until they flow in a logical order. You may need to repeat this process multiple times until you are satisfied with the outcome. Also think about the time and space that you would like the reader to view your work. This section of your statement is where you write exactly what you make. Let your readers know what your project is. Include information about why you are interested in this type of work and any themes that may be found in your work. You can describe your art in any way that you choose. Just remember that you must support your description with the how and why you make the art. Once you describe the art you make, describe the methods you use to make the art. What materials (e.g. paint, wood, paper, etc.) do you use? What tools (e.g. brush, hands, etc.) did you use? Do you paint on the floor or do you use an easel? Do you always listen to music when you work? What techniques do you use?  You do not have to write down every single step of the process that was used to create the work. Note the things that are most important. If you do something particularly unusual during your process, include that in your statement. Your motivation and purpose for creating art provides a context for people that view your art. It also helps people understand your point of view as an artist. Is your art commentary on current events or social circumstances? Are you trying to draw connections between different concepts? Are you using your art to tell a story? What does your art mean to you?  If your motivations changed while you were working on the project, let the audience know that is well. Maybe you were influenced by a trip you took, a book you read, a movie, or a family member.  All of these things help the audience get a better understanding of you and your work. For example, if you wanted your art discussed within the context of feminism, you should clearly outline that in this part of your statement. Your statement should be easy to understand. Do not include any language that is too specific to the art world. Also avoid using complicated, complex words. Your statement should sound genuine and real.  Your statement should add information that can not be gathered from looking at your art. Do not use the statement to simply describe what the audience can see with their own eyes.  Try not to use a quote from another artists or philosopher. If you do use a quote, do not use more than one and keep it short. Also be sure that you have correctly interpreted the quote. Avoid phrases such as "I am trying to," "I am hoping to," and "I would like to." Just state what you have done. Be as objective as possible.  Your statement should not be used to promote your art or "talk it up." Let your audience interpret your work on their own.
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One-sentence summary --
Create an image with your words. Describe what kind of art you make. Write the methods you used to make your art. Write down why you make your art. Use clear concise language.