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Remember to identify these areas by paying attention to where you notice rat droppings or areas that have been chewed. If the rats were in the area before, they probably will be in the area again. If they are living in your attic try to find the entrances they are using and set the traps there. Experts consider this the most humane way to get rid of rats.  Set a cage with a little bit of food inside of it. The spring release door will trap the rat as soon as it is inside the cage. You will then have to pick up the cage and release the rat somewhere. Bring them out into the woods somewhere a good distance from your house. You don’t want to worry about them finding their way back to your home and returning. They’ll find a new home somewhere, hopefully not where a person is already living.

summary: Identify the rat's feeding and nesting areas. Use a nonlethal wire cage to trap and release rats if you want to avoid killing them. Release the rats far away from your home.


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Take off all of the sheets that have been stained with sweat. You can wash these in the washing machine using baking soda and vinegar. Do not wash your sheets with other clothing or linens. Read the side of your detergent to see how much detergent you need to add. After pouring the detergent in, add the baking soda. This amount of baking soda should be just right for most loads of sheets. Because of the way that baking soda can foam and react, avoid adding more than 1/2 cup to any load. Use the dial on your laundry machine to set the water temperature to the right level. If you are using hot water, check the label on your sheets to learn the hottest temperature your sheets can handle. For newer stains, cold water will prevent them from setting in the fabric. Older stains are already set in the fabric. Thus, hot water will be more effective at getting them out. Set the dial or buttons on your machine for the normal cycle. If your sheets have special care instructions (which can be found on the tag on the hem), be sure to follow those instructions instead. Most machines will tell you when the rinse cycle begins by pointing a dial towards “rinse” or by turning on a light under “rinse.” The vinegar smell will wash out by the end of the cycle.  If you have a top-loading machine, open the door and pour the vinegar in. If you have a front-loading machine, open the dispenser on the top and add the vinegar. Some machines may lock the doors or dispensers while the machine is on. In this case, add the vinegar at the beginning of the cycle or choose another method. This amount of vinegar will cover most loads of sheets, although you may double the vinegar for very large loads with multiple sets of sheets. The sheets should have returned to their normal color. Once they are the right color, you can put them in the dryer. If they are still stained, run them through the wash again. If you have white sheets, try hanging the sheets out to dry in the sun. The sun will naturally bleach your sheets, helping you remove any last traces of sweat. You can also hang colored sheets, but they may lighten slightly in the sun.

summary: Put the sheets in the washing machine. Add your normal laundry detergent with 1/2 cup (90 g) of baking soda. Use cold water for fresh stains and hot water for old stains. Run the machine on a normal or regular cycle. Add 1/2 cup (120 ml) of white vinegar when the rinse cycle begins. Check the color of the sheets before putting them in the dryer.


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In addition to reducing the overall load carried, you can also decrease the likelihood of soreness or injury by making sure that your child wears the backpack properly.  The weight of the pack should be distributed primarily over the shoulders and upper back, with the chest in support — these are some of your strongest muscle groups. Straps should be snug without cutting into the shoulders.  The bag portion should be centered on the mid-back, with the bottom of the bag sagging no more than four inches below the waistline.  The bag should never touch the child's backside while being worn. Ask your child to think of the backpack as a temporary conveyance — like a delivery truck — and not as a permanent home for her stuff — like a motorhome.  She should use it to carry what she needs when she needs it to where she needs it.  Load and reload it frequently with what she needs right then.  Kids should use a locker and/or desk as their primary storage spaces, not their backpacks.  Recommend that she make more frequent trips to lockers or desks in order to unload and reload the backpack with what she needs at that moment. Procrastination can also cause overload problems, by causing a kid have to bring all her books home on Friday, for instance.  Work with her to make sure homework and assignments don't back up to the point where everything needs to be done all at once. It may be a long shot depending upon your school's budget situation, but you may want to ask whether your child can have two copies of her textbooks — one for school and one for home.  The adoption of e-textbooks (at least as a supplement for homework) may be a more practical and cost-effective solution. Make sure you educate your child about avoiding carrying a bag on one shoulder. Some kids may want to switch from a backpack that rests on both shoulders to one shoulder, such as a messenger bag. This can put stress on that shoulder, in addition to the child hiking his shoulder up to keep the backpack in place. This can lead to shoulder and neck pain if it is done on a regular basis. Both shoulder straps must be used to effectively balance the load — even if slinging the pack over only one shoulder is considered “cooler.” Most of the prevention measures for backpack safety involve strains and injuries caused by overweight loads.  However, when it comes to injuries that lead to emergency room visits, less than one-fourth involve the shoulders (12%) or back (11%), and the most common cause of significant backpack injuries is tripping over one (28%).  The majority of all ER-worthy backpack injuries involve the head or face, hands, wrists, or elbows, all likely spots for trip-and-fall injuries.  What does all this mean?  While it is important to take precautions against your child lugging around a backpack that is too heavy, make sure she is just as vigilant about paying attention to her surroundings to avoid injuries caused by tripping over a backpack or being struck by a swinging bag, strap, buckle, etc.
summary: Ensure a snug and secure fit. Don't carry everything all the time. Avoid carrying a backpack on one shoulder. Know the most common hazards.