Summarize:

Pour rubbing alcohol onto the spill in a puddle. Leave it to soak in for 30 minutes. Once it's had time to soak, wipe up the spill using paper towels, scrubbing gently over the paint. It should come right up. Test the rubbing alcohol first on an inconspicuous corner if you have tile. If you have a dried paint spill on wood, apply a citrus-based cleaner such as Goo Gone. Let it soak for a minute or 2, and then use a gentle brush on it. You may need to reapply it several times.  Don't let it soak too long, as the cleaner could stain the floor. Don't use an abrasive brush or scraper, as you can damage the wood. With carpet, try using a scrubbing brush to flake the paint off the carpet, and then vacuum the paint off. You may also be able to use needle-nose pliers to pull out clumps. If all else fails, try cutting the carpet with scissors right at the top where the splatter is. Chemicals that remove paint will likely cause damage to your carpet, but you can try them in a hidden corner first. If they don't cause damage, you can use them to remove paint. If you know you have metal debris, such as nails, bolts, or even metal shavings, try renting or buying a magnetic sweeper. You just roll the sweeper over the area, and it attracts any metal debris with a magnet. Then, you pull up on the handle on top of the sweeper head to release the metal pieces into the trash. It's a good idea to put these items in a solid container if you plan on throwing them away. If you have any broken glass, start by carefully picking up the large pieces. Wear protective gloves for this task. Then, for smaller pieces, try cutting a potato in half. Press the cut side into the glass to pick up little shards. Sweep up anything that remains. Place any broken glass in a solid container, such as a coffee can, before putting it in the trash. If you need to scrub down an area that's going to take a lot of work because of construction dirt or debris, try getting a brush attachment for your drill. That way, the drill can do the majority of the scrubbing for you.
Apply rubbing alcohol to a dry latex paint spill on tile or linoleum. Use a citrus-based cleaner on wood. Pick paint off of carpet. Use a magnetic sweeper to pick up nails. Remove broken glass. Add a brush to a drill to scrub an area thoroughly.