Article: Know whether the bond sold at par, at a premium, or at a discount. Determine the time elapsed since the bond's issuance. To calculate the carrying value of a bond, you will need to know how much of the premium or discount has been amortized, which will depend on the time elapsed since the issue date. Most premiums or discounts will be amortized on a straight-line basis, meaning the same amount is amortized each reporting period.  For example, suppose a 10-year bond was issued two years ago. Two years of amortization have been recorded, and eight years of amortization remain. You need to know the remaining amount of unamortized discount or premium to calculate the carrying value. For example, suppose a company issued a 10 year bond with an $80 premium two years ago. Each year, $8 of amortization is recorded ($80 / 10 years = $8 per year). If two years have passed, then $16 of amortization has been recorded ($8 x 2 years = $16) and $64 is unamortized ($8 x 8 years = $64). Suppose a company sold $1,000 10%, 10 year bonds for $1,080 and 2 years have passed since the issue date.  Calculate the premium by subtracting the face value from the sale price with the equation $1,000 - $1,080 = $80.  The $80 premium will be amortized over the term of the bond at $8 per period.  Since two years have passed, two amortization entries have been recorded.  Eight amortization entries remain.  Calculate the remaining amortization with the equation $8 x 8 = $64.  The carrying value equals the face value of the bond plus the remaining premium to be amortized.  Use the equation $1,000 + $64 = $1,064. Subtract the unamortized discount from the face value.  For example, suppose a company sold a $1,000, 10%, 10 year bond for $920, or an $80 discount and two years have passed since the bond issuance.  The annual amortization of the discount is $8.  Two amortization entries have been recorded.  Eight remain, for a value of $8 x 8 = $64.  The carrying value of the bond is $1,000 - $64 = $936.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Determine the terms of the bond in question. Calculate the amortized portion of the discount or premium. Calculate the carrying value of a bond sold at premium. Calculate the carrying value of a bond sold at a discount using the same method.

Problem: Article: You should wash your hair at least once a day if your hair is oily. You may need to wash more often if it stays oily. Washing more often will help cut down on the oil.  Some people claim this step is the opposite of what you should do. The argument is that the more you wash your hair, the more oil your scalp produces to make up for what the shampoo takes away. If you're not having luck with washing more often, you may try washing less, such as every 3 days. Lather up by rubbing shampoo into your hair, but also spend time rubbing it into your scalp. In addition, let it sit for 5 minutes, so the shampoo has a chance to work your hair, breaking down the oil.  Once 5 minutes is up, rinse out your shampoo. If you noticed your hair is oilier than normal, you can shampoo again right away, repeating the same process. In some cases, you may just want to skip conditioning altogether.  When you do apply it, don't put it on your scalp. Instead, stick to the tips, where your hair may be drier. Put some conditioner in your hand. Use your fingers to gently apply the conditioner just to the tips. Rinse it out when you're done. Brushing can transfer the oil from your scalp down into your hair. Of course, you must brush your hair sometimes. Make sure to stay away from your scalp as much as possible while you brush. Buildup of hair products, such as conditioners, gels, and hairspray, can lead to oilier hair. You may have a buildup of products on you hair and not even know it, but you can work to combat it.  Always rinse your hair twice to help combat buildup. You can also use baking soda. Simply pour a spoonful or two into you hand. Add a little water so you have something you can spread over your hair. Massage it into your hair and scalp, and then rinse it out after 15 minutes. Shampoo after you use baking soda.  Try a clarifying shampoo a couple of times a month, which is another way to reduce buildup. Touching your hair all the time just makes it greasier. You transfer oils from your hands to your hair, increasing the problem. If you can't keep your hands off of it when it's down, consider wearing an up-do more often.
Summary: Wash regularly. Shampoo correctly. Condition correctly. Don't brush as often. Remove buildup. Stop playing with it.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Stand the glass bottle upright with the opening skywards. This is the necessary position to perform this trick.  Make sure that you use a glass bottle. Using a plastic bottle (or a bottle made of any material other than glass) could be very dangerous. The mouth of the bottle should be small, but still at least half the diameter of the egg (like a milk bottle). Carefully light three matches. With extreme caution, drop them into the bottle. Wait a second or two. Quickly put the egg onto the bottle's opening, wide end up. Don’t wait too long to put the egg on the bottle or the matches will go out and this trick won’t work. After the matches go out, the egg will be pulled into the bottle. Then, you can amaze your friends with your egg in a bottle.

SUMMARY: Position the bottle. Light the matches. Place the egg on top of the bottle. Watch the egg squeeze into the bottle.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Going out and having a normal day will usually make you sicker. It also exposes those around you to illness. Stay home and take care of yourself so that you can go out again soon. Keep in mind that you're usually at your most contagious at the beginning of an illness — for a cold, this means the first three days, possibly four or five. Sleeping can be one of the most vital steps in allowing your body to get better. When a sickness attacks your body, it needs as much energy as it can to fight it off. Sleep helps give you that energy. Even if you do it every day and find it gives you increased energy, working out hard when you're sick doesn't give you that energy. It typically makes you even more drained than before and can exacerbate breathing or congestion issues. This will help prevent you from getting more germs and conceivably getting sicker. It's also going to help you get rid of the germs that have collected on your hands. Wash your hands with hot water, scrubbing with soap for at least 20 seconds.
Summary: Stay home from work or school. Sleep as much as you need. Refrain from high-impact exercise. Wash your hands frequently.

Is her goal to stay up for 24 hours? For 48 hours? Studies show that writing down goals improves achievement of the goal. Research shows that when people break their goals down into smaller chunks, they complete the goals more quickly and accurately. Help your friend look at this challenge as an hourly goal or break it down even further, to minutes. Goals might be: Stay awake for one more hour, until 2am. When that goal has been reached, the next goal might be the same: Stay awake for one more hour, until 3am. Staying awake for one more hour (or 15 or 30 minutes) seems more manageable and easier to accomplish than staying awake for 24 or 12 hours. Oftentimes, repeating a mantra can help focus the mind on something other than the difficult experience at hand. Good mantras are short, encouraging, and rhythmic.  Make up a mantra. Use someone else’s mantra and repeat it. Try out, “Feeling strong, feeling good," or, “Looking good, feeling good, oughta be in Hollywood.”
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One-sentence summary --
Help your friend write down a goal. Break down the goals into small, manageable chunks. Repeat or chant a mantra.