Summarize the following:
First of all, you must stop whatever are you doing in that moment and sit down; after a few minutes of rest, the cramps should decrease in intensity or even disappear.  If the pain lasts longer or they are really intense,  call your doctor and tell him or her about  your symptoms because it might be a more serious problem. Sometimes it helps to lean a little bit to the side that hurts; this way, you can relax the muscles in that area and reduce the pain you feel. To relieve a cramp in your leg, lie on your back momentarily and then extend the affected leg while keeping the knee straight. Try to position yourself so that the foot is bent backwards until the pain is gone.  Another means of stretching the legs is by riding a stationary bike for 30 minutes daily. Brisk walking is also a way of improving circulation in the lower extremities. You might be tempted to use some medication for treating the pain; it is very important to know that many of the drugs used today, unfortunately, may have severe adverse or teratogenic effects (they can lead to congenital malformations or other abnormalities).  Because of this, it is important to check with your doctor before using any over-the-counter medications.  Consider taking acetaminophen (the brand name is Tylenol) because it is considered a safe drug to take during pregnancy. The recommended dosage is 325 to 650 mg every 4 to 6 hours (unless stated otherwise by your physician).  Another frequently used drug for pain relief is ibuprofen (Nurofen and other trademarks); this must be avoided during pregnancy, especially during the last trimester because it promotes premature closure of a fetal structure called ductus arteriosus (DA). You might try to reduce the pain by applying a warm compress to the area where you are experiencing cramps. However, be careful not to keep it against your skin for too long as it may cause nerve damage to your skin. Once you begin to feel relief, remove the warm compress.  You can apply the warm compress to the area again if the cramps come back. You can also consider taking a warm bath rather than using a warm compress. The heat will have a soothing effect on your muscles, which can help to calm cramps that you have.

summary: Sit down and rest for a moment. Stretch the affected area. Take pain medications that are safe for use during pregnancy. Apply a warm compress to the area with the cramps.


Summarize the following:
If you keep a lot of music on your iPad, its likely taking up a sizable chunk of your storage space. iTunes Match is a paid service from Apple that allows you to stream your entire iTunes library to your iPad (or any other Apple device or computer). This can free up tons of space, as you'll no longer need to keep any music files stored on your iPad. Click here for instructions on setting it up.  There are some drawbacks to the service. Besides costing $25 per year, you'll only be able to stream when you have a network location. You can always download any of your songs to your iPad ahead of time if you're anticipating being without a network connection. iTunes Match allows you to upload songs that you didn't purchase through the iTunes Store. You can also use services like Google Play Music to upload and stream your music. If you opt for a streaming service, or make the switch to internet radio, you can delete all of the music files from your iPad at once. Any purchased music will still be downloadable from the iTunes Store.  Open the Settings app. Tap "General" and then select "Usage". Tap "Manage Storage" in the "Storage" section. Tap the Music app. You may have to wait a few moments for it to appear. If your Music app isn't listed, you don't have any music files actually stored on the iPad. Tap the "Edit" button. Tap the "-" next to "All Songs" and then tap "Delete". You can also delete individual songs this way. If you just want to delete certain songs, you can do so from within the Music app. Be aware that depending on your settings, songs may be visible that aren't actually stored on your iPad (iTunes purchases, iTunes Match songs, etc.).  Open the Music app on your iPad. Find the song or album that you want to delete. Songs that are not downloaded to your iPad will have an iCloud icon on the right side of the song. Swipe the song or album to the left to reveal the "Delete" button. If you cannot swipe a song, it means that it is not downloaded to your iPad and therefore not taking up space. If you cannot swipe an album, it means that one or more songs on the album are not downloaded on your iPad. You'll need to delete individual songs from within the album. Tap "Delete". This will delete the song or album from your iPad. If you see the "Remove" button instead of the "Delete" button, it means you are in Playlist view. You must delete songs from the Songs, Albums, or Artists view. If you've downloaded movies, TV shows, or music videos from the iTunes Store, they could be taking up a lot of space. HD videos in particular can be huge. Removing videos after you watch them can make room for a bunch of other things.  Open the Settings app on your iPad, select "General", and then "Usage". Tap "Manage Storage" in the "Storage" section. Select the Videos app. If you have a lot of videos downloaded, it will likely be one of the last apps to appear, and should be located towards the top of the list. Review your videos. You will see each video stored on your iPad, along with the size. TV shows will display the size of all the episodes on the iPad, and you can tap the show to see the size of individual episodes. Tap "Edit" and then tap the "-" next to the video you want to remove. Repeat for any other videos you want to remove from your iPad.

summary: Consider signing up for iTunes Match. Delete all of the music on your iPad. Delete individual songs from the Music app. Delete movies and videos.


Summarize the following:
The strength of a diode will be listed in microwatts (mW). The color of the diode will be determined by its wavelength (measured in nanometers, nm). A wavelength of 650 nm corresponds to a red laser, a wavelength of 405 nm corresponds to a blue laser, and  a green laser has a wavelength around 520 nm. Green lasers are the most expensive, followed by blue. Red is the cheapest. You can buy diodes online and sometimes at electronic supply stores. The diode costs can range anywhere from tens to thousands of dollars, depending on the laser you choose. If you aren't picky about the color, you can take apart an old DVD or Blu-Ray disk burner. There will be two diodes. Find the diode on the disk burning side. The one on the disk reading side is not strong enough to produce a burning laser. The diode will look like a small round light. It is likely encased in metal and will be positioned so that it can shine on the bottom of the DVD/Blu-Ray tray. Once you have located the disk burning diode, remove it from the DVD (or Blu-Ray) burner. You may have to remove small screws or cut the diode away from the rest of the burner. It is possible that the diode is encased in a metal casing. If this is the case, the casing can be left on the diode after you remove it.
summary: Select a diode strength and color. Take apart an old DVD or Blu-Ray disk burner. Salvage the diode from the disk burner.