Summarize the following:
Choose toothbrushes and toothpastes that are made for dogs. You may want to buy a tiny finger brush with plastic bristles (available at pet stores, catalogs, or from your veterinarian) which may be easier to use than a toothbrush. Clean the tooth brush or tiny finger brush by running it under hot water for a few seconds and rinsing in cold water for a few seconds. Do this before using it in your dog's mouth. Do not use human toothpaste because the high fluoride content can make your Yorkie sick if he swallows it. Squirt a pea-sized amount of toothpaste on the toothbrush. Gently move your dog's lip upward so you can see the teeth. Rub the toothpaste on the teeth and don't worry about rinsing since dog toothpastes are designed for your dog to lick away. Yorkies are prone to tartar buildup on their teeth. This buildup can lead to gum recession and the teeth eventually loosening. Brushing is important to prevent tartar buildup and painful, costly dental surgeries. your dog's nails. Take dog nail clippers and hold your dog's foot firmly in your hand. Pay attention to the shape of the nails and look for the quick. The quick is a blood vessel and nerve that appears dark. Avoid cutting this. Instead, only cut the tip of the nail. If you're unsure where the quick is or how far back to clip, try buffing the point off the nail with a coarse emery board.  If you do accidentally cut into the quick, it may bleed a lot, but won't be fatal. You can stop the bleeding by covering it with a little styptic powder.  If it's your first time clipping your Yorkie's nails, you may want someone knowledgeable to show you how to clip the nails. Or, it may just be helpful to have the person hold your dog while you do the trimming. Take your tweezers and gently pluck the hair inside the ear. This is optional, as some argue it can make the ears sore and inflame the skin, causing infection. Others believe plucking can improve air circulation within the ear canal, preventing infections. Many veterinarians advise a middle path which is not to pluck unless your dog gets regular ear infections. In this case, plucking can help ear drops penetrate deeper into the ear canal. If you see wax, usually brown or black, you'll need to use ear wipes or an ear cleaner to remove it. Avoid putting water into your dog's ears, since it will soften the skin and could lead to infection. Instead, squirt a cleanser into your dog's ear and rub it in a circular motion. Place a cotton ball right under the flap and tip your dog's head toward it, so the solution drains out. Wipe out any remaining solution with a clean cotton ball. Never poke anything into the ear canal, even a cotton bud. But, don't be too afraid to clean your dog's ears. It's almost impossible to touch a dog's eardrum, let alone rupture it through routine cleaning. Dogs have "L" shaped ear canals, so as long as you clean straight downwards into the ear canal, the eardrum is not accessible.

summary: Prepare to brush your dog's teeth. Brush your dog's teeth daily. Clip Tweeze inside your dog's ears. Clean inside your dog's ears.


Summarize the following:
List the author's name with the last name first, followed by a comma, then the author's first and middle initials (if the middle initial is available). If the article has more than 1 author, list them in the order they appear in the by-line of the article. Separate the names of 2 authors with an ampersand. For 3 or more authors, use commas between names and an ampersand before the final name.  Example with 1 author: "Doe, J." Example with 2 authors: "Doe, J. & Smith, A. B." Example with multiple authors: "Doe, J., Smith, A. B., & Johnson, K." After the last author's initial, type a space, and then open parentheses. Type the publication date using year-month-day format, without any abbreviations.For most magazines and journals, you will only have the month and the year of publication. For a newspaper, you will usually have the specific date. Close your parentheses and place a period immediately after.  Magazine/journal example: "Doe, J. (2010, June)." Newspaper example: "Hoffman, D. & Rowell, S. (2009, April 27)." If a journal or magazine's issue date spans 2 months, include both months. For example: "Doe, J. & Smith, A. B. (2008, January/February)." After the date, include the full title of the article in sentence-case, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns. If the article has a subtitle, place a colon at the end of the title and include the subtitle, capitalizing only the first word after the colon and any proper nouns. Place a period at the end of the title. Example: "Doe, J. (2010, June). Thoughts on Victorian literature." Immediately after the title of the article, type the title of the publication in which the article appeared. As with the article title, use sentence-case, capitalizing only the first word and any proper nouns. Follow with a comma. Example: "Doe, J. (2010, June). Thoughts on Victorian literature. Journal of Literary Criticism, Academic journals in particular typically have volume and issue numbers. Type a space, then put the volume number in italics after the title of the publication. Follow with the issue number in parentheses. The issue number should not be in italics. Place a comma after the volume or issue number.  Example: "Doe, J. (2010, June). Thoughts on Victorian literature. Journal of Literary Criticism, 9(5)," If no issue number is available, do not leave a space for it. For example: "Doe, J. & Smith, A. B. (2008, January/February). Newest Tech Gadgets. Popular Computer Magazine, 3," Type a single space after the comma, then type the page numbers where the article starts and ends, separated by a hyphen. If the pages are non-sequential, place a comma between the spaces. For newspaper articles, use the abbreviation "p." for a single page, or "pp." for multiple pages.  Example with sequential pages: "Doe, J. (2010, June). Thoughts on Victorian literature. Journal of Literary Criticism, 9(5), 18-23." Example with non-sequential pages: "Hoffman, D. & Rowell, S. (2009, April 27). State of the economy. Fort Wayne News, pp. A1, A10." Most scholarly journals have a digital object identifier (DOI) that provides a static online reference number for that article. Use this number if one is available. Otherwise, type the phrase "Retrieved from" followed by the full permanent URL for the article.  DOI example: "Brownlie, D. (2007). Toward effective poster presentations: An annotated bibliography. European Journal of Marketing, 41, 1245-1283. doi:10.1108/03090560710821161" URL example: "Kenneth, I. A. (2000). A Buddhist response to the nature of human rights. Journal of Buddhist Ethics, 8. Retrieved from http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocont.html.
summary: Start with the author's name. Add the publication date for the journal, magazine, or newspaper. Type the title of the article. Include the title of the journal, magazine, or newspaper in italics. Provide the volume and issue number, if applicable. Specify the page numbers where the article can be found. Include the DOI or URL for online articles.