Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Evaluate the trees for their heaviest side. Look for moss on trees. Look for the giant barrel cactus in the desert.

Answer: Trees are rarely symmetrical, so one side always seems to have more growth than another. Because plants need sunlight to grow, the side that gets the most sunlight will usually appear heavier. In the Northern Hemisphere, the sun spends most its time in the southern part of the sky, so the denser side of the tree will usually be facing south. In the Southern Hemisphere, the heavier portion of the tree usually points north.  In order to accurately decide which side of the tree is the heaviest, you should walk all the way around it a few times. If you only look at one or two sides, you may not be able to tell where the tree is most dense. It's easiest to use this method with lone trees in an open field. In a wooded area, trees compete for sunlight, so it's not as obvious which direction they're growing in. In many cases, moss tends to grow on the side of the trees that is most shaded. In the Northern Hemisphere, that means you would usually find moss on the side of the tree that points north. In the Southern Hemisphere, you would typically find moss on the side of the tree that points south. It's important to keep in mind that other factors can create shady conditions that would encourage moss to grow on a certain side of a tree. Trees that are shaded by other trees in a wooded area and trees that grow on slopes may throw off your direction. This cactus, which is native to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico, grows slanted toward the south. That's because the northern side of the plant is mostly shielded from the sun, so it grows more quickly. If you spot a giant barrel cactus, you'll know the direction that it's growing toward is south, so the opposite direction is north. The giant barrel cactus typically grows between 3- and 9-feet, and features spines in a variety of colors, including red, tan, and yellow. Older cacti often produce bright orange or yellow flowers.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Reapply after eating or drinking. Be careful when re-applying lip balm. Experiment with different products until you get one that works for you.

Answer: It is inevitable that your lip color will fade slightly over the course of the day. However, the change will be most noticeable when your lips come in direct contact with cups or utensils.  Bring your lipstick and apply another thin layer to top up the color after meals. Carry a compact mirror to check for smudging or movement.  Remember to check the lipstick hasn't transferred to your teeth. You may find your lips require hydration as the day goes on, especially with drier formulas such as mattes.  However, the oil in lip balm actually breaks up the color, causing it to wear off and fade.  If you find your lips get dry through the day, opt for a more moisturizing lipstick formula and make sure you don’t skip the crucial step of hydrating before application. Avoid licking your lips.  Not only will this make your lip color fade, it actually makes your lips drier over time. If you do apply lip balm, allow it to absorb for a minute or two, blot any excess off with a tissue and then follow up with another layer of lipstick.  This gives your lips some much-needed moisture without the lip color fading.  Apply lip balm sparingly. Excessive use of lip balm can hinder your lips' natural ability to produce their own moisture. Once you have a solid grasp of the application technique you can begin to try different combinations to figure out which lipsticks offer the best longevity.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Let your slate tile cure for 48 hours. Peel off the painter's tape and inspect your work. Apply 2-3 coats of a water-based urethane sealant. Finished.

Answer: After you've applied the last coat, leave your tile undisturbed and let it dry for about 2 days. Avoid stepping on or touching the tile until it has tried completely. If you accidentally touch or step on the tile before it's dried, check it for smudges. You may have to apply an additional coat of paint and let it cure for another 48 hours. Once the tile has dried, peel off any painter's tape and check your tile for imperfections. If you see any smudges or uneven areas, or if you're not satisfied with the color's brightness, apply another layer of paint and leave it again to cure. With a paintbrush or roller, use long, even strokes to coat the entire surface in paint sealant. Let the sealant dry for about 30-60 minutes between layers before applying an additional coat. Re-apply the sealant every 6 months to protect your tile and paint coats from damage.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Hire an editor. Publish with a traditional textbook press. Self-publish your textbook

Answer:
You might find an editor who works for a textbook publisher, an independent editor, or a colleague who works in a similar subject matter. But you need to have at least one other pair of eyes on your work. The editor will be able to help you find the best way to organize and clarify your content. She will also be able to assist in sentence-level improvements in grammar and word choice. When publishing a textbook you can either work with a traditional textbook press or you can self-publish. Traditional presses for textbooks include Pearson, McGraw-Hill, Cengage, W.W. Norton & Co., etc. If you work with one of these publishers, you will generally receive around 10% of the royalties for each book sold.  Look up the "Contact" information on the publisher's web site. They will generally have guidelines for how to submit a book proposal or get in touch with an editor. In order to get approved by a traditional press, you will need to provide the publisher with a book proposal. The book proposal will generally provide the title of the book and a 1-2 paragraph summary of each chapter. Make sure you clearly explain the content of your book and why it will be important for your target audience of students. Make sure the book "fits" the publisher's list of books. Do they sell other books similar to yours? If they do, this is a positive sign because they won't have to spend extra money marketing a different item on their publishing list. With traditional presses, you will also have to sell the copyright of your work to the publisher; you will no longer have rights over the material once you sign a contract with them. . Because publishing with traditional presses can sometimes be a competitive process, more authors have turned to self-publishing -- often with more profitable results.  Amazon.com recently entered the textbook publishing game. If authors sell their self-published textbook through Amazon for $9.99 or less, then the author will receive 70% of the royalties. This is a significantly higher rate than the 10% that is often offered by traditional presses.  You could also make your textbook available for purchase through iBooks' textbook platform or through a personal web site. With self-publishing, you often don't have to put together a book proposal and you can generally retain your rights to the material. However, it is harder to spread the word about your textbook to schools and universities.