INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Sneezing is one of your body's natural defenses to get rid of foreign invaders. The same physical reaction occurs for both allergens and cold viruses, so sneezing is generally not the best way to determine whether you have allergies or colds. However, if you are sneezing and have some of the other symptoms listed in either the cold or allergy sections of this article, you can make a better guess at what you are dealing with.  When foreign invaders (like pollen or a virus) get trapped in the tiny hairs of your nose known as cilia, the invaders can begin to tickle your nose. This tickling sensation can make your brain trigger a sneeze to get rid of the invaders. By sneezing, the allergens or virus are expelled from your nose. Some of the most common allergens that cause sneezing include: dust, pollen, dander from the fur of animals, and mold. While this might sound gross, it really can help you determine whether you’re dealing with a cold or allergies. When you get infected with a virus, or get bad allergies, your nose will get stuffed up and start running. When this happens, take a look at the color:  If it is clear, it is likely that you are dealing with allergies. Yellow, green or greyish mucus generally comes along with a cold. Sinus pain refers to an aching or sharp pain or pressure that you feel in your nose, eyes, and forehead. Your sinuses are hollow air spaces in your forehead, behind your cheekbones, and between your eyes. The sinuses release mucus that attempts to keep allergens and other foreign bodies out.  If your body’s immune system releases histamine, your sinuses may become inflamed, leading to this sinus pain. Your sinuses can also become painful because of a cold. This is because your the virus causing the cold can infect your sinuses. Your tonsils are essentially two masses of tissue that filter and trap germs and other microorganisms (like allergens) as they enter your airways. These tissue masses are found in the back of your throat and can also produce antibodies to fight infections. If a large amount of microorganisms, such as a virus causing a cold, get trapped in your tonsils, your throat can become infected.  If you are dealing with a cold-caused sore throat, your throat will most likely feel raw or tender. You may have a hard time swallowing. If you have an itchy throat caused by allergies, your throat will most likely feel like you need to scratch it like you would an itch on your skin. When you are dealing with a virus or allergens, one of your body’s natural reactions is to develop a cough. This is especially true if the infection or allergen has reached your respiratory system.  A cough caused by a cold might become productive, meaning that you begin coughing up phlegm. A cough caused by allergies is generally dry, meaning that you don’t cough up phlegm.

SUMMARY: Note that sneezing occurs both when you have allergies and when you have a cold. Look at your mucus when you blow your nose. Monitor any sinus pain you feel. Consider whether you have a sore throat or an itchy throat. Pay attention if you are coughing a lot.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: These and those are both pronouns, words that refer to or substitute for other nouns in the sentence. They draw attention to something specific. Because a pronoun takes the place of another noun, using the correct one helps your reader understand what the referent of the pronoun is (i.e., what noun it took the place of).  These and those are plural pronouns: they refer to or replace plural nouns. "Agreement" means that the pronoun takes the same number as the noun it replaces. If the noun is singular, you would use this or that. If the noun is plural, you would use these or those.  American English considers collective nouns, or nouns that refer to a large group of things that cannot be counted individually (such as milk or data), as singular nouns. Use this or that rather that these or those for collective nouns. For example: "This milk has spilled all over the floor!" British English differs from American English in using collective nouns. British English refers to some collective nouns such as crowd or data as plural, so it is appropriate to use these or those in British English. For example: "These data don't match the graphs you gave me." These is the plural form of this. You will use it to refer to or replace a plural noun.  Singular: This book (a single book) on the shelf next to me belongs to Rajeev. Plural: These books (several books) on the shelf next to me belong to Rajeev. [Note that the verb belong has also been made to agree in number.] Singular: Look at this bracelet (a single bracelet) on my wrist! Plural: Look at these bracelets (many bracelets) on my wrist! Singular: Who put this cupcake (a single cupcake) in the refrigerator? Plural: Who put these cupcakes (some cupcakes) in the refrigerator? Those is the plural form of that. You will use it to refer to or replace a plural noun.  Singular: That mountain (a mountain) looks really small from here. Plural: Those mountains (several mountains) look really small from here. [Note that the verb look has also been made to agree in number.] Singular: Could you hand me that box (a box) on the other side of the room? Plural: Could you hand me those boxes (a few boxes) on the other side of the room? Singular: Why hasn't that scientist (a scientist) at NASA found extraterrestrial life? Plural: Why haven't those scientists (many scientists) at NASA found extraterrestrial life? [Note that the verb have has also been made to agree in number.]

SUMMARY:
Understand the function of pronouns. Understand pronoun agreement. Understand the function of these. Understand the function of those.