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Most curtain rods come with brackets that must be fastened to the wall so the rod can sit in them. Measure up 4 inches (10 cm) and out 1 to 3 inches (25 to 76 mm) on each side to find where your brackets should be placed, and mark it with a pencil. Hold the brackets in place and mark where the holes for the screws are on the wall. You can also trace around the edge of the bracket for further reference. Once you have determined the placement of each bracket, take a long ruler or board and hold it up between the two marks. Place a level on top of the ruler to check if the two placements are even with each other. If you find that they are not even, measure and mark again. Many curtain rods will come with hollow plastic pegs called wall anchors that can be driven into your wall to hold the screw. This helps keep the weight of the curtain from damaging the wall.  Drill or nail a pilot hole in the place where the wall anchor will go. Make sure the hole is not larger than the anchor itself.  Use a hammer to gently tap the anchor into the pilot hole. Once you have inserted the wall anchors, hold the brackets in place so that their holes line up with the wall anchors. Then use a drill to fasten the brackets to the wall with screws. If your curtain rod did not come with screws, make sure you use screws that are the same size as the wall anchors. Your curtain most likely has either holes, rings, or a hem that the curtain rod can be slipped through. If it has rings, make sure all the rings are lined up in the same direction and not twisted. You may need to use a stepladder or chair to reach the brackets. Most rods rest on top of the brackets, although some may be inserted from the side, which will require collapsing and extending the rod to fit it between the brackets.
Mark a location for your curtain rod 4 in (10 cm) above the window frame. Use a level to make sure your marks are even. Insert plastic wall anchors if your curtain rod came with them. Screw the curtain rod brackets into place. Insert the curtain rod in the holes or rings of your new curtains. Hang the rod on the brackets.