Keep the area that was injured elevated. Rest it on a stool or armrest, or remain sitting up. This will help control the blood flow to the area and may prevent bruising. If you can, rest whatever part of your body you hurt. Ice can help slow the blood flow to the injured area, helping a bruise to develop slower or prevent one from forming. You can use an ice pack, wrap ice in a towel, or use a frozen bag of vegetables wrapped in cloth.  Leave the ice pack on the area for 10 minutes. Then, wait at least 20 minutes before applying more ice. Never place ice directly onto the skin because it could damage the skin. If an injured area is extremely painful, mild pain relievers can help. Acetaminophen (Tylenol) and ibuprofen (Advil) can help. Ibuprofen also helps reduce swelling. Avoid taking NSAIDs (Aleve) and aspirin for pain relief since they cause blood thinning and can cause bruising. In addition, if the bruise is extremely painful and/or doesn’t begin to heal after a few days, seek medical attention. You should also see a doctor if bruises appear and you’re not sure where they’re coming from.

Summary: Elevate and rest the injured area. Apply ice. Take over-the-counter pain relievers. See your doctor if you bruise easily.


Draw a line between the "units" and the "tens" column to help align and use "place values" in columns. It is not important for your child to already know how to do two column addition. Do not have them put a "1" over the numbers, yet. Make certain the child places the digit(s) in the correct position (no digit should be in the units column.) If they are confused, cover up the units column. Have the child write the number(s) underneath the number already written in the "tens" column from the "units" column addition. Review what you have completed so far. If you were using the example above, you might say, "We're almost done. You did seven plus five equals twelve. Good. Four plus three equals seven. Correct. Notice that the four and the three are in the tens position, so you are really adding forty and thirty." Have the child bring the amount in the units column down to the bottom. Point to the numbers in the "tens" column and ask the child to add them up. By now, the child should already be familiar with the commutative law of addition or (at least) know that the order of addition is unimportant.  Tell the child that this is a shortcut we call "carrying", and more commonly called "regrouping" in classrooms today.

Summary: Have the child learn (and memorize) the basic addition facts. Write out a math problem with two digits on the top and bottom. Ask the child to answer the units column first, placing both numbers in the correct (lower) positions. Ask the child to answer the tens column next. Tell the child that the problem is not finished. Explain that some addition still remains. Make certain that the child is comfortable with this before proceeding. Tell the child that, instead of writing the "1" under the tens digit, they are to place the "1" over the "tens" column. Ask the child to add the "1" to the top number of the "tens" column; then add the bottom number to that sum.


This can be a cardigan, light sweatshirt, windbreaker, or some other garment that won't look out of place in warm weather. When the temperature climbs outside, people often crank up their air conditioners to compensate. Additionally, in many areas the temperature can drop dramatically overnight. Avoid getting goose bumps because you dressed for only the heat. These are textiles that are lightweight and less insulating than cold weather fabrics. Some good examples to keep in mind are linen, poplin, and light cottons. You want to make sure that all layers whisk away sweat and promote its evaporation. Because warm weather clothing tends to be lighter and thinner than winter clothing, it also tends to be much more transparent.  Gray inner layers will be less visible under light clothing than white. Matching your inner layer with your skin tone will also help to cut down on visibility.  When done right, sheer outwear can also be on-trend. A good rule of thumb is to match the sheer piece to the main color of the garment visible underneath. In general, there is much less of a reason to layer in the warmer months. While the layered look can be chic, too much may make you stand out in the wrong way.  An unbuttoned shirt over a t-shirt or tank top is a good conventional causal look. Just remember to keep that lightweight outer garment on hand if you need it. Keep your sleeves as short as possible while still being appropriate for the occasion. Sleeves can dramatically increase an outfit's heat retention. One trendy layering option is to wear a sleeveless vest over a longer-sleeved shirt.

Summary: Keep a lightweight outer layer item with you. Stick to warm weather fabrics. Try to avoid visible under layer lines. Keep it simple.


Typewriters on eBay are traditionally cheap because many eBay sellers don't know much about typewriters. However, these auctions can also be a gamble because there is no guarantee of condition. Oftentimes, the seller does not even know how to tell if a typewriter is in good condition or not. If you purchase a typewriter from an unknowledgeable seller, make sure they know how to properly pack their typewriter. The typewriter should be placed in a box with 4 inches (10 cm) of space on every side, and then filled with bubble wrap, foam plastic or shipping peanuts. The carriage release lever should be rubber banded down so that the carriage can slide left. This prevents damage to the escapement which is a sensitive mechanism deep inside the machine. The cast iron on Standard sized machines is easily broken in shipment if not properly packaged. Etsy sellers may be in the habit of selling multiple typewriters, and should therefore be able to provide better information about the typewriter quality. However, Etsy sellers may be in the practice of purchasing cheap typewriters and reselling them at a higher value, so be prepared to pay more on Etsy. Online websites like http://www.typewriters101.com, http://www.vintagetypewritershoppe.com, and http://mytypewriter.com are great options because they can tell you about the typewriter condition and tend to price typewriters fairly. You can also find a wide variety of typewriters on these sites, so if you have a particular typewriter in mind this might be your best bet. Ideally, your typewriter vendor will have a full or partial return policy. This helps cover you in the case of a poor-quality product or one that was damaged in transit.
Summary: Monitor eBay for cheaper typewriters. Try Etsy for more knowledgeable sellers. Buy from a trusted online seller to guarantee quality. Check the return policy before you purchase.