In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: During the entire brainstorming portion of the process, take detailed notes that you can refer back to while writing the letter. Include both primary information and secondary details, regardless of whether or not you think you'll actually use them for the letter itself. Read through any print or digital literature provided to you by the university, including its website. Pay close attention the school's admission requirements for the program you're pursuing.  The university will usually describe the qualifications they hope to see from prospective students, and you can use that information to tailor your motivation letter toward that specific school. For instance, if the university is heavily involved in humanitarian efforts related to the program topic, you could give more attention to your own humanitarian interests. On the other hand, if the school literature strictly focuses on academics, you'll know to keep the letter equally focused on academic aspirations and experiences. The program admissions board will want to know why you should be chosen over someone else, but before you can give the board that information, you'll need to have the question settled for yourself.  Review your academic career through now. Figure out what courses, instructors, and influences led you to the path you're presently pursuing and determine how it happened. Think about why you chose this school and this program. Consider all of your motivations, including the personal and professional ones.
Summary: Take notes. Research the university and its program. Ask yourself why you should be chosen.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Before you are ready to start learning music, you must get a sense for the basic information that virtually everyone who reads music needs to know. The horizontal lines on a piece of music make up the staff. This is the most basic of all musical symbols and the foundation for everything that is to follow. The staff is an arrangement of five parallel lines, and the spaces between them. Both lines and spaces are numbered for reference purposes, and are always counted from lowest (bottom of the staff) to highest (top of the staff). One of the first things you'll encounter when reading music is the clef. This sign, which looks like a big, fancy cursive symbol at the left end of the staff, is the legend that tells you approximately what range your instrument will play in. All instruments and voices in the higher ranges use the treble clef, and for this intro to reading music, we'll focus primarily on this clef for our examples.  The treble clef, or G clef, is derived from an ornamental Latin letter G. One good way to remember this is that the line at the center of the clef's "swirl" wraps around the line that represents the note G. When notes are added to the staff in the treble clef, they will have the following values: The five lines, from the bottom up, represent the following notes: E G B D F. The four spaces, from the bottom up, represent these notes: F A C E. This may seem like a lot to remember, but you can use mnemonics—or word cues—that may help you remember them. For the lines, "Every Good Boy Does Fine" is one popular mnemonic, and the spaces spell out the word "FACE." Practicing with an online note recognition tool is another great way to reinforce these associations. The bass clef, also known as the F clef, is used for instruments in the lower registers, including the left hand of the piano, bass guitar, trombone, and so on.  The name "F clef" derives from its origins as the Gothic letter F. The two dots on the clef lie above and below the "F" line on the staff. The staff of the bass clef represents different notes than that of the treble clef. The five lines, bottom to top, represent these notes: G B D F A ("Good Boys Don't Fool Around"). The four spaces, bottom to top, represent these notes: A C E G ("All Cows Eat Grass"). Individual note symbols are a combination of up to three basic elements: the note head, the stem, and flags.   The note head. This is an oval shape that is either open (white) or closed (black). At its most basic, it tells the performer what note to play on their instrument.  The stem. This is the thin vertical line that is attached to the note head. When the stem is pointing up, it joins on the right side of the note head. When the stem is pointing down, it joins the note head on the left. The direction of the stem has no effect on the note, but it makes notation easier to read and less cluttered. The general rule on stem direction is that at or above the center line (B for treble clef or D for bass clef) of the staff, the stem points down, and when the note is below the middle of the staff, the stem points up.   The flag. This is the curved stroke that is attached to the end of the stem. No matter if the stem is joined to the right or left of the note head, the flag is always drawn to the right of the stem, and never to the left! Taken together, the note, stem, and flag or flags show the musician the time value for any given note, as measured in beats or fractions of beats. When you listen to music, and you're tapping your foot in time to the music, you're recognizing that beat.
Summary: Get a handle on the staff. Start with the treble clef. Understand the bass clef. Learn the parts of a note.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: In severe cases, periodontal disease must be addressed with surgery. The most basic surgical option is called flap surgery, in which your dentist or periodontist will make an incision in your gums, lifting them back to clean and remove the tartar, infected bone, and necrotic cementum underneath. The flap is then sutured back into place, up against your teeth. By creating a flap, oxygen can destroy a large number of aggressive anaerobic bacteria, which are almost impossible to eliminate even with deep scaling or cleaning. In severe cases, you may require gum transplants from palate, or synthetic membrane transplant called AlloDerm, to replace damaged gum tissue, and/or bone transplant or regeneration surgery to replace bone tissue that has been lost.  These treatments are aimed at preventing as much tooth loss as possible, and to stop the advancement of periodontitis, which can have mutilating results. Recent studies have shown that laser surgery may be as effective as surgery at resolving periodontal disease in certain cases.  Ask your dentist or periodontist if this might be an option for you, but be aware that this is a new field that is developing rapidly, and that many insurances may not yet cover this kind of treatment. In some cases, one or more of your teeth may be lost to periodontal disease.  In these cases, you can have the teeth replaced with high-quality dental implants.  Speak with your dentist or periodontist to determine if dental implants are right for you regarding your medical history or any other health issues.
Summary:
Undergo surgical treatment, if needed. Get gum grafts and bone transplants. Ask about laser treatment options. Look into dental implants.