Problem: Article: Retinoid medications are derived from vitamin A and include tretinoin (Avita, Retin-A), adapalene (Differin) and tazarotene (Tazorac, Avage). Retinoids work on blemishes by increasing cell turn-over and by preventing clogging of skin pores and hair follicles. Retinoid drugs come as creams, gels and lotions (in various strengths), and are applied in the evening beginning with 3 times per week, then daily as your skin becomes accustomed to it.  Research suggests that tazarotene (0.1% cream) may be most effective for treating pustules (white heads).  Tretinoin is recommended to help reverse photo-damage or age spots from the sun, as well as freckles. Retinoids should never be combined with products that contain benzoic acid — the side effects are compounded and can exacerbate the irritation of skin. Retinoids make your skin susceptible to sunburn, so you will need to wear sunscreen and consider wearing a wide-brimmed hat when using these products. Bacterial growth within skin pores is a primary cause of white-headed pimples or pustules. As such, the application of topical antibiotic creams or ointments can be helpful in treating acute inflamed pimples or longer-term blemishes that still are triggering an immune response. In many cases, when topical antibiotics kill bacteria within an inflamed pore, the redness of the blemish reduces. Topical antibiotics are often combined with retinoids during the first few months of treatments — sort of a 1-2 punch for skin blemishes. When combined together, the topical antibiotic is applied in the morning and the topical retinoid in the evening.  Topical antibiotics are often combined with benzoyl peroxide in order to reduce the risk of developing antibiotic resistance.  Combo products include clindamycin with benzoyl peroxide (Benzaclin, Duac, Acanya) and erythromycin with benzoyl peroxide (Benzamycin). Oral antibiotics (in pill form) are often prescribed for moderate-to-severe acne, with the most common type being tetracyclines, such as minocycline and doxycycline. Keep in mind that antibiotic use (topical and oral) for acne makes your skin much more sensitive to sun exposure and (perhaps ironically) more susceptible to other types of blemishes such as sun spots, freckles and age spots. Topical and oral antibiotics are only used for short-term treatment and cannot be used long-term or very frequently since you may develop resistance to their effects. A variety of light-based therapies have been tried on different types of skin blemishes with well-documented success. The type of laser and dose that's most effective depends on the cause of the blemish, so consult with a dermatologist or aesthetician to get the most current advice. Some forms of laser therapy target the bacteria that cause acne inflammation, whereas other types either remove the top layer of skin (epidermis) or heat the underlying dermis layer of the skin and cause new tissue to form — often referred to as laser resurfacing. After several treatments, acne blemishes and scars typically appear far less noticeable.  Some types of light therapy, such as intense pulsed light (IPL) or Laser Genesis, are usually done in a doctor's office under the supervision of a dermatologist, whereas other types are done in beauty salons or can be purchased for home use (such as blue-light therapy). Not all light therapy is hot or produces burning sensations; some are pulsed (less heat) or cold lasers that produce no heat. Apply numbing cream to your blemish at least 45 minutes prior to getting hot laser therapy, as it will greatly reduce the discomfort, and don't forget to always wear protective glasses with any type of light therapy. Potential side effects of laser therapy include pain, temporary redness and increased sensitivity to sunlight. For more serious and deeper acne blemishes, such as nodular and cystic lesions, injections of corticosteroid drugs directly into the lesions can significantly improve the appearance without the need for invasive extraction. Corticosteroids (such as prednisolone, dexamethasone and triamcinolone) are powerful anti-inflammatory agents that reduce swelling, redness and pain. However, the needle itself may cause redness and scarring where it pierces the skin, so injections are usually only reserved for large, deep and painful acne-related blemishes, cysts or carbuncles.  Side effects of corticosteroid injections include thinning of the skin, lighter skin pigmentation around the blemish and the appearance of small blood vessels on the treated area. Repeated use of corticosteroid injections can reduce immune functions and lead to greater risk of infections.
Summary: Consult with your doctor about prescription retinoids. Ask about prescription antibiotics. Consider laser treatment. Consider steroid injections as a last resort.

Problem: Article: As with the digital multimeter, it may be marked “OHM” or with an omega (Ω). Red lead to positive (longer) terminal, black lead to negative (shorter) terminal. Analog multimeters use a needle to display their results. How the needle behaves determines whether or not the capacitor is good.  If the needle initially shows a low resistance value then gradually moves to the right, the capacitor is good. If the needle shows a low resistance value and doesn’t move, the capacitor has been shorted out. You’ll need to replace it. If the needle shows no resistance value and doesn’t move or a high value and doesn’t move, the capacitor is an open capacitor (dead).
Summary:
Disconnect the capacitor from its circuit. Set your multimeter to its resistance stetting. Connect the multimeter leads to the capacitor terminals. Observe the results.