Read the packaging of the infrared sensor to learn what the distance-to-spot ratio is. This will be a number like 12:1. The first number will tell you how far away to hold the thermometer (in inches or cm) and the second will tell you how big of an area the thermometer will measure at that distance.  For example, if you have a 12:1 inch ratio, the thermometer will measure 1 inch (2.5 cm) when held 12 inches (30 cm) away. The farther you hold it, the larger the area will be. If you hold it 24 inches (61 cm) away, it will measure 2 inches (5.1 cm). Cheaper thermometers will have a smaller ratio. They will need to be held closer to the object. More expensive tools will have a larger ratio. You can stand farther away. Most infrared thermometers have a laser pointer to help you target the object. If it doesn’t, look for the sensor on the long end of the barrel, on the opposite end of the digital screen. This should face the object you want to measure. This is usually on the handle of the thermometer, located under the barrel. After a second, the thermometer should beep. Read the temperature off of the digital screen. The reflective light can make the reading less accurate. If you have an object that is too shiny, put some non-reflective tape on a small area and measure that. If you have reflective objects that are measured frequently, buy an infrared thermometer that can scan “high emissivity” objects. Emissivity is the reflectiveness of the object. These thermometers are typically more expensive, but they may be easier to use on babies and young children. Stick the end of the thermometer into one ear and wait for the thermometer to beep. You can read the temperature off of the screen. Infrared ear thermometers are useful if you have a young child, as they are quick and comfortable. That said, they are not as accurate as other forms of temperature reading.
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One-sentence summary -- Use the distance-to-spot ratio to determine where to hold the thermometer. Point the laser or sensor towards the object. Press the button on the thermometer. Avoid measuring shiny or reflective objects. Use a special infrared thermometer for ears.


Open a web browser of your choice and enter the address for the website you would like to link to in the address bar at the top.  You can also search for the website name or an article title using a search engine, such as Google.  Click the web page when you see it in the search results. Some email and blog apps also have the option to post an email address as a link. The web address is in the address bar at the top of the page.  Use the following steps to copy the web address.  Click or tap the address in the address bar to highlight it. Right-click the highlighted web address or tap and hold it on mobile devices. Click or tap Copy in the pop-up menu. If you are using a mobile phone or tablet, tap the app you use to send emails or post blogs.  If you are on a desktop computer, open a new web browser window or tab and navigate to your email or blog service website. To open a new tab in your web browser, tap the plus (+) icon next to the tabs at the top of the page. The icon to start a new email or blog is different on different apps.  Look for an icon that says Compose, New, Write or has an image that resembles a plus sign (+), or pencil and paper. Links can appear at the end of a blog or email, or in the middle of a sentence as a reference. You can also highlight a word, or sentence you want to convert into a link. In most apps, the button to add a link has an icon that resembles a chainlink. This displays a pop-up window that allows you to create a link. Look for the field that says URL and use the following steps to paste the URL in the field.  Click or tap the web address or email option (if available), Right-click or tap and hold the URL field. Click or tap Paste The display text is a word or phrase that appears in place of the web address for the link.  This can be a description, the title of the page you are linking to, or as part of a sentence.  It can also be a simple instruction like "Click here". Leave this field blank if you want to use the web address as the URL text. To save the link click the button that says Save, Ok, Apply or something similar.  This adds the link to your email or blog text. To remove the link, right-click it or tap and hold it.  Then tap Edit, Change or the icon that resembles a pencil. Finish your email or blog post.  When you are ready, click the button to publish your blog post or send the email.
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One-sentence summary --
Navigate to a web page that you would like to link to. Copy the web address. Navigate to your email or blog. Start your email or blog post. Click where you want the link to appear. Click or tap Link or the icon that resembles a chainlink. Paste the link in the field labeled "URL". Enter the display text. Apply the link. Publish or send your email.