The basic terms you need to know when considering short selling are shorting, covering, and margin.   Shorting is the process of selling stock short. When you short a stock, you sell stock that you borrowed from your broker at a set price. You are making an informed guess that you will be able to re-buy that same stock later at a lower price, thus making a profit.   Covering happens when you close the short sale transaction. Because your broker only loaned you the stocks to short, you must eventually buy back enough shares of the stock to cover the stocks you were loaned.  Margin is the way you purchase stocks to be sold short. When you buy on margin, you borrow funds from your broker and use the stocks bought or sold short as collateral for the loan. If you have a financial adviser already, consult with him/her to discuss what investment options are right for you. Short selling is an aggressive and risky investment strategy. Depending on your individual circumstances and investment goals, short selling may not be a good strategy for you. Your financial adviser will be able to tell you whether short selling is a good strategy. S/he may also be able to recommend ways to pair short selling with other strategies to reduce your risk. Short selling can result in a pretty profit if your research is correct. Consider the following example: you, the investor, want to “short” 100 shares of XYZ Company stock. This stock is currently trading at $20 per share. You contact a broker, open a margin account with a minimum cash deposit of $2000, and borrow 100 shares of XYZ from the broker. You sell these shares short so that the $2000 proceeds are credited to your margin account.  After you sell the shares, you wait for the price of the stock to drop. After a disastrous third-quarter earnings report, the stock price of XYZ Company drops to $15 per share. You buy 100 shares of XYZ Company at $15 to “cover” your initial speculation. You then have 100 shares to give back to the broker who lent you the stock in the first place. This is the process known as “covering” your short.  Your profit is the difference in the price when you sold the shares and when you bought them back (or "covered" them). In this instance, you sold XYZ Company stock at $2,000 and covered at $1,500. You made a profit of $500 by shorting XYZ Company stock. This profit, added to the $2000 cash deposit you originally made, gives you $2500 in your margin account. Short selling is much riskier than going long. When you go long, you speculate that the price or value of an investment is going to go up. If you buy 100 shares of JKL Company at $5 per share on a long position, the most you can lose is 100 percent of your investment, or $500. The amount you can gain, on the other hand, is unlimited, because there's no upper limit to how high a stock price can go. That means there's a limited downside and an unlimited upside.  With short selling, the opposite is true. There's a limited upside and an unlimited downside. You can profit only in proportion to how low the investment drops, which is finite. However, you lose money in proportion to how high an investment rises. Investments like stocks have potentially unlimited share prices. For example, return to the XYZ Company example from the previous step. Let's say you buy 100 shares of XYZ at $20 per share and sell them immediately, just as before. The proceeds of the sale ($2000) are deposited into your margin account. When added to the cash deposit of $2000 you were required to make when you opened the margin account, the proceeds make a total of $4000 in your margin account. Then, you wait for the price of the stock to drop so you can cover your shares. However, this time, XYZ Company's stock doesn't drop. Somehow, the company turns itself around and its share price jumps to $3. You decide to cut your losses, so you buy 100 shares at $30 to “cover” before the stock rises any more. You return the borrowed stock to the broker and close the margin account. Because you had to pay $3000 to cover your borrowed stock, you wind up with a net loss of $1000 -- one half of your initial $2000 deposit.

Summary: Learn some basic terms. Talk with your financial adviser. Consider the benefits. Consider the risks.


Cut five, large triangles out of craft foam. Roll each one into a cone, then secure it with hot glue. The cones need to be about the same height as your face. Don't worry if they look too big; you will trim them down later. Trace the triangles onto black felt before gluing them together. Save the triangles for the next step. This will help the hair blend in better. Wrap the felt triangles around the craft foam cones, and secure the edges with hot glue. If you did not cut the triangles out of black felt earlier, simply cover the cones with the felt, then trim off the excess felt off the sides. The spikes will look more realistic if they have an oval base rather than a round one. Draw a ring of hot glue around the base of your first cone, then squash it into an oval while it dries. Do this for all of the cones; work one cone at a time, otherwise the glue will set up too fast. Place two spikes on the left side of the head, with the bottom and top edges touching. Next, place two spikes on the right side of the head, and a third spike directly above. Make sure that their edges are touching as well.  Orient the spikes vertically, with the narrow ends of the ovals facing up/down, and the long edges facing front/back. Place the spikes behind the ears.

Summary: Make five cones out of craft form for the spikes. Cover the craft foam with black felt. Form the cone bases into oval shapes. Secure the spikes to the wig to test them out.


This is located directly beneath the toolbar, and has fields for the Host, Username, Password, and Port. You will need all of this information in order to connect to a server. Port can most often be left blank unless the server is operating on a nonstandard port that needs to be specified. Otherwise, FileZilla will enter the port automatically. . Once you’ve entered the information correctly, press the Quickconnect button to start the connection process. You will see messages displayed in the top pane as your computer attempts to connect to the server. Once you are successfully connected, you will see the file system of the server appear in the right pane. Quickconnect settings are removed each time the program restarts, so to easily access the server again, you need to save it to the Site Manager. Once connected, click File, then select “Copy current connection to Site Manager…” This will open the Site Manager with the server details filled in to the appropriate fields. Give the entry a name and close the window to save the site.
Summary: Enter your information into the quick connect bar. Click Quick connect. Add the server to your Site Manager.