If your flame is hot and blue, twist the collar to close off the air flow and produce a yellow safety flame. Close the valve completely to cut off the gas supply. The flame should go out, and the valve will then be properly set for the next use. Turn the valve handle so it’s perpendicular to the gas line and hose. Before you leave the lab, double check the gas main to ensure you’ve turned off the gas. It should take about five minutes for the burner to cool. Even when it’s cool, remember to handle it only from its base to reinforce safety habits. When it’s cool, remove the supply hose, and return it and the burner to the proper lab storage area.
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One-sentence summary -- Adjust the air ports to create a cool flame. Close the needle valve by turning it clockwise. Turn off the gas main. Wait for the burner to cool before putting it away.


Carbs don’t have to be completely banned from your breakfast plate. Actually, multigrain carbs can be a rich source of fiber and are important energy sources for the start of your day.  Instead of going for frozen, pre-packaged waffles which can be loaded with unnecessary sugars and oils, make an extra batch of part whole-grain waffles and freeze them in individual plastic bags. You can pop your homemade frozen waffles into the microwave or toaster/toaster oven just like the store-bought ones. Swap out your maple syrup and whipped cream toppings for fresh fruit, plain yogurt, and some nut butter spread on top. This classic breakfast staple hits the marks for fiber and keeping your full, and it’s easy to mix in other ingredients like nuts and dried fruits to boost protein and other nutrient factors, too.  Use plain rolled oats, steel-cut oats, or a mix of barely, rye, and other grains. Cook your oats until tender in a little water or milk. Water has less calories, but milk has more body and flavor. You can cook your oats on the stovetop or microwave. Ditch the sugary instant oatmeal packs; it’s super easy to just make your own. Portion out your oats and toppings of choice, and seal them up in plastic bags. Keep them in the refrigerator until your ready to heat and eat in the morning. Oats are naturally gluten free, but can sometimes become tainted when processed in facilities with gluten. If you have an allergy,be sure to check the labels and make sure your oats are certified gluten-free. There’s plenty of low-sugar, high fiber, and even protein enriched boxed cereals on the market that can be great breakfast fixes. Pour on some soy milk and sprinkle on some fruit, nuts, or seeds for extra nutrients.
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One-sentence summary -- Make a multigrain waffle. Wake up with some warm oatmeal. Think outside of the cereal box.


An echocardiogram can help diagnose several conditions. Your doctor may perform an echocardiogram if they think you may have:  Heart murmurs Heart valve problems Atrial fibrillation An infection of the valves Fluid around the heart Blood clots Thickening of the walls of the heart Congenital heart disease High blood pressure in your lungs (pulmonary hypertension) There are several types of echocardiograms and the doctor will choose which one to do based on what information they want to have.  A transthoracic echocardiogram. This is a noninvasive procedure that does not hurt. The doctor puts gel on your chest and then moves a handheld machine called a transducer against your chest. The transducer projects ultrasound through your body. A computer reads the sound waves and produces pictures. This test can detect valve problems and enable the doctor to examine the thickness of the walls of the heart. A transesophageal echocardiogram. During this test, the doctor will put a tube with a transducer on it down your throat. This lets the doctor get pictures from a different angle than the transthoracic echocardiogram. You will get medication to help you relax and numb your throat. A stress echocardiogram. During this test, the ultrasound images will be produced while you exercise on a treadmill, ride a stationary bike, or receive medication to make your heart beat faster. This test can find problems that happen when your heart is under stress including conditions where your heart does not receive enough blood. There are several different techniques the doctor may use. They enable the doctor to make different measurements.  M-Mode. This technique generates a outlines showing the heart's size, the chambers, and the thickness of the walls of the heart. A doppler echocardiogram. During this test, the machine measures the sound waves that are reflected off of the cells in your blood and uses this information to determine how your blood is flowing through your heart. The doctor can measure how fast the blood is flowing through your heart and in what direction it is traveling. This is useful for determining whether your heart is pumping enough blood and if you have any valve problems. Color doppler. During this method the computer highlights areas where the blood is flowing in a particular direction. This is helpful for detecting blood that is not flowing the correct direction. Two-dimensional echocardiography. This method produces a two-dimensional image of the heart as it beats. This is used to investigate the structures and valves of the heart. Three-dimensional echocardiography. This produces a much more detailed image which has depth instead of just length and width. It is often used to plan treatments.
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One-sentence summary -- Ask your doctor why you need an echocardiogram. Ask your doctor what type of echocardiogram you will have. Watch the monitor to determine what techniques the doctor uses.


Spray them with nonstick cooking spray so you'll be able to remove the finished lollipops without them cracking. Put the lollipop sticks in the molds. This recipe works with any type of hard candy molds. You can use drop molds, start or heart-shaped molds, or any other mold you like. Be sure to use candy molds, and not other types of food molds, since candy molds are designed to prevent the candy from sticking. Place the sugar, corn syrup, and water in a saucepan. Put the saucepan on the stove over medium high heat. Scrape down the sides of the pan with a pastry brush to keep it from sticking. Stop stirring and check the temperature with a candy thermometer. Let the mixture keep boiling until it reaches 295 °F (146 °C), then immediately remove it from heat. It's important to remove the sugar mixture from heat at this exact temperature. Use a candy thermometer, and not a meat thermometer, to be sure your measurements are exact.
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One-sentence summary --
Prepare your lollipop molds. Add the ingredients in a saucepan. Stir the mixture until the sugar dissolves.  Bring the mixture to a full boil. Stir in the extract and food coloring. Spoon the candy mixture into the lollipop molds. Let the lollipops harden before popping them out.