Q: Now that you've finished the body of your speech, you need an effective transitional sentence that will signal to your audience that you're reaching the end of your speech. This transition doesn't need to be fancy – it doesn't even have to be a whole sentence. You can simply say "In conclusion," and then launch into your summary. Speech coaches often describe a speech's organization as "tell them what you're going to say, say it, then tell them what you said." Start your conclusion by telling your audience what you told them in your speech.  You don't need to go into detail here – you're just reinforcing what you've already told your audience. Make sure you don't introduce any new information in your closing summary. For example, you might say "As you've seen, spaying or neutering your pet has substantial benefits not only for you and your pet, but also for the community at large." This version of your thesis statement should sound more like a conclusion or an ultimate finding than the hypothesis it may have been in your introduction.  If your speech went well, you have fully proven your thesis and demonstrated its importance. This statement should relate back to the summary of your points and present a strong statement. Particularly for brief speeches, you can even combine your summary of points with your thesis statement in a single sentence that wraps up your speech. For example, you might say "Given the benefits to your pet's health, to your family, and to the overall well-being of your community, it is clear that spaying or neutering pets should be a top priority for all pet owners." To close out your speech, think of something on the same note as the attention-getter you used to open your speech. It could be an anecdote or a humorous restatement of the importance of the issue.  You may want to think of a way to bring the entire speech back around to that story you initially told to grab your audience's attention. If you have an argumentative or similar speech, your closing lines typically will include a call to action. Give your audience an example of how important the subject of your speech is, and implore them to act on the information you gave them in a specific way. When making a call to action, make sure you include specific details, such as where to go, who to contact, and when to act. For example, you might say "For the next week, the Springfield Animal Society will be spaying and neutering pets for free at their clinic on 123 Main Street. Call 555-555-5555 to make an appointment for your furry friend today!" Thanking the audience for listening to you demonstrates that you respect them and value their time. If you were specifically invited to speak by a particular individual or organization, you should also mention them again.  Particularly if your speech was longer or if you went over the time allotted, be sure to tell them that you appreciate their time. As with your initial greeting, including this in your outline ensures you won't forget it in the moment. That doesn't mean you should try to write something verbatim. Rather, you should focus on your thanks being more off-the-cuff and sincere. Speak with the organizers of the event beforehand and find out if you can (or should) invite any questions from the audience about your speech. If you intend to provide time for questions, note this on your outline so you won't forget to mention it at the end of your speech.  If you want to establish parameters for the questions, be sure to list these in your outline so you can mention them when you announce that you're open for questions. Anticipate questions that may be asked dependent on your speech topic. Preemptively answer those questions and include them in your outline. You also should note if you only have a specified period of time for questions, or if you're only taking a set number of questions.
A: Provide a smooth transition. Summarize the points you've discussed. Restate your thesis statement. Leave your audience something to remember. Thank the audience and anyone who invited you. Note time for questions.

Q: Sneezing is one of your body's natural defenses to get rid of foreign invaders. The same physical reaction occurs for both allergens and cold viruses, so sneezing is generally not the best way to determine whether you have allergies or colds. However, if you are sneezing and have some of the other symptoms listed in either the cold or allergy sections of this article, you can make a better guess at what you are dealing with.  When foreign invaders (like pollen or a virus) get trapped in the tiny hairs of your nose known as cilia, the invaders can begin to tickle your nose. This tickling sensation can make your brain trigger a sneeze to get rid of the invaders. By sneezing, the allergens or virus are expelled from your nose. Some of the most common allergens that cause sneezing include: dust, pollen, dander from the fur of animals, and mold. While this might sound gross, it really can help you determine whether you’re dealing with a cold or allergies. When you get infected with a virus, or get bad allergies, your nose will get stuffed up and start running. When this happens, take a look at the color:  If it is clear, it is likely that you are dealing with allergies. Yellow, green or greyish mucus generally comes along with a cold. Sinus pain refers to an aching or sharp pain or pressure that you feel in your nose, eyes, and forehead. Your sinuses are hollow air spaces in your forehead, behind your cheekbones, and between your eyes. The sinuses release mucus that attempts to keep allergens and other foreign bodies out.  If your body’s immune system releases histamine, your sinuses may become inflamed, leading to this sinus pain. Your sinuses can also become painful because of a cold. This is because your the virus causing the cold can infect your sinuses. Your tonsils are essentially two masses of tissue that filter and trap germs and other microorganisms (like allergens) as they enter your airways. These tissue masses are found in the back of your throat and can also produce antibodies to fight infections. If a large amount of microorganisms, such as a virus causing a cold, get trapped in your tonsils, your throat can become infected.  If you are dealing with a cold-caused sore throat, your throat will most likely feel raw or tender. You may have a hard time swallowing. If you have an itchy throat caused by allergies, your throat will most likely feel like you need to scratch it like you would an itch on your skin. When you are dealing with a virus or allergens, one of your body’s natural reactions is to develop a cough. This is especially true if the infection or allergen has reached your respiratory system.  A cough caused by a cold might become productive, meaning that you begin coughing up phlegm. A cough caused by allergies is generally dry, meaning that you don’t cough up phlegm.
A:
Note that sneezing occurs both when you have allergies and when you have a cold. Look at your mucus when you blow your nose. Monitor any sinus pain you feel. Consider whether you have a sore throat or an itchy throat. Pay attention if you are coughing a lot.