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Going to conferences, attending meetings, and generally making connections with other mechanical engineers can be of great benefit to your career. Building your professional network can open up new job opportunities within your current area of the field, or provide a path to moving into new areas of mechanical engineering. In the U.S., for instance, you might join the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME). In most U.S. states, you’ll need to renew your PE license annually. As part of this renewal, you’ll often need to document a minimum amount of CE coursework. CE credits demonstrate that you’re keeping up-to-date with new developments in the field. CE can be earned through in-person seminars, online tutorials, and many other forms. Check with the licensing bureau in your state or your professional organization for details. A doctorate is not required for most jobs within the mechanical engineering field. However, if you want to become a university faculty member, move into a management position, or advance in research and development work, you may need to earn a doctorate.  In some cases, it may make sense to work straight through from a bachelor’s, to a master’s, to a doctoral degree. Or, it may be more sensible to advance in the field for several years before starting work toward a doctorate. As before, look for accredited programs that suit your professional goals.

summary: Join professional organizations to build your network. Complete continuing education (CE) coursework to maintain your license. Work toward a doctoral degree if it suits your career goals.


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Most brick oven plans will include instructions for a concrete foundation. The concrete base will bear the weight of the brick oven, keeping it level for many years. The foundation slab should be at least as big as the brick oven. However, if you make it bigger, you can also create a patio or sitting area next to your brick oven. If you make a larger patio area, you will need more materials and the foundation will take more time to build. The instructions for this form will be included in the brick oven plan. Follow the instructions to create a wooden form. This form will be placed in the ground and filled with concrete to create the concrete foundation. Use a spirit level to make sure the form is perfectly level. The more level the form is, the more level your foundation will be. Measure out the foundation for your brick oven, using small flags or chalk dust to mark the edges. Next, clear away any large rocks or debris before using a tiller to excavate the dirt. Most foundation plans ask you to dig 10 inches (25.5 centimeters) deep into the ground. Tillers can be rented or purchased at home and garden stores. When using a tiller:  Follow the manufacturer instructions. Avoid digging too deep too quickly. Only excavate about an inch at a time. Water the area a few hours before tilling to loosen up the soil. Once the hole has been excavated, place the foundation form in the hole. Press the sides firmly to force them into the soil. If you have trouble installing the foundation form, you may need to dig some dirt away from the sides. Once the form is installed, fill in any empty spaces along the outside with dirt. Pour a layer of pea gravel or crushed rock into your excavated hole. Keep adding gravel until the layer is about 3 inches (7.5 centimeters) deep. Next, use a tamper (a tool with an upright handle and a square metal plate on the bottom) to tightly compact the gravel. Tampers can be rented or purchased from your local gardening or home improvement store. If you don’t have a tamper, you can use your foot to compact the gravel. However, it won’t be compacted as well. Cover the gravel with a layer of wire mesh. If needed, use strong wire cutters to trim or shape the wire mesh. You can put 6-mil polyethylene sheeting over the gravel, but under the wire to stop water from wicking up (absorbing water) from the ground into the slab. It's even better to put some Xypex (a water-proofing chemical) into the concrete while you are mixing it. Xypex is not expensive, and will help keep your reinforcing wire or rebar from corroding. Corrosion causes the metal to swell, cracking your slab eventually.   Wire mesh can be purchased at your local home improvement store or online. Installing rebar will help strengthen and stabilize the concrete foundation. Refer to your brick oven plan to see how much rebar you need to use. Usually, you will install the rebar into the sides of the foundation form and use wire to connect overlapping sections of rebar. Some people think that installing rebar is unnecessary and skip this step. However, without the rebar, your concrete base may crack after a few years of use. Most small slabs are poured without rebar, but with wire mesh to strengthen them. Rebar or wire mesh should be propped up off the gravel base using pieces of stone or brick, so that it becomes embedded in the concrete. Mix a batch of concrete (adding the recommended amount of Xypex) and pour it into your foundation form, completely submerging the rebar grid, which should be held up off the gravel base by pieces of brick or stone, not wood. Once the form is completely filled, use a straight piece of wood, such as a 2x4, to level off the top (this is called "screeding".) Let the slab cure for a few days before continuing to build your brick oven.  The amount of concrete you need will vary based on the size of your foundation. Refer to your brick oven plan for more information. Mixers and other concrete pouring equipment can be rented at your local home improvement store.

summary: Plan your foundation. Build a foundation form. Dig an area for your foundation. Install the foundation form. Lay some gravel. Lay down wire mesh. Install a rebar grid. Pour some concrete.


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Under the Abortion Act of 1967, abortions are legal and can be performed at or before 24 weeks of pregnancy in England, Wales, and Scotland. The laws in Northern Ireland are different than the rest of the U.K. Abortions after 24 weeks are only permitted when the pregnancy poses a substantial risk to the mother or if there is significant evidence of fatal fetal abnormalities. Two doctors must agree that it is in the patient’s best interest to terminate the pregnancy. This usually includes your general practitioner and the doctor performing the procedure. The U.K.’s National Health Service (NHS) provides free medical care to citizens of England, Scotland, and Wales. Abortions are free at NHS clinics and hospitals. Your medical history and procedures are kept confidential. Your doctor or a professional at a sexual health service will refer you to a certified and licensed NHS clinic or hospital. If you wish to terminate the pregnancy as soon as possible, seeking care at a private clinic may be the best option for you. You will most likely have a consultation and the procedure within one week. Details concerning your health and the procedure are confidential.  The cost of an abortion at a private clinic can range from £400 to £800 or more, while a later term procedure can cost around £2,000.
summary: Review the abortion laws in your country. Use the National Health Service. Opt for services at a private clinic.