Q: A two-seam fastball is gripped with the index and middle fingers on the two narrow seams of the baseball. Make sure your fingers are relatively close together. Your fingers can either be positioned so that your middle finger runs along the seam, or so that the seam runs directly in the middle of both fingers. Experiment with what works best for you. Diametrically opposed just means that if you extended both fingers in the same direction, they would eventually form a perfect circle. Think of the ball like a clock. If your thumb on a normal two-seam grip is at 6 o'clock, your thumb now should be at a 4 o'clock or 5 o'clock position. For right-handed pitchers, this means turning your wrist slightly to the left. For left-handed pitchers, this means turning your wrist slightly to the right. When throwing a two-seam fastball, put extra pressure on your middle finger. This will create a natural spin on the ball that will help it cut.
A: Start off by gripping the ball as you would a two-seam fastball. Instead of leaving your fingers there, move your two fingers over to the right. Move your thumb over so that it's diametrically opposed to your top two fingers. Turn in your wrist slightly in the direction of your thumb. Lead with the middle finger.

Q: To prove that oxygen is a by-product of photosynthesis, you can set up an experiment with an aquatic plant and capture the gas it emits in response to photosynthesis. You will also set up a control condition where the plant will not be exposed to light, preventing photosynthesis. To perform this experiment you will need the following items:  8 sprigs of an elodea plant, an aquatic plant available at your local pet or garden store 2 large, clear containers Sodium bicarbonate (baking soda), no more than 1 tablespoon 2 large funnels (must be small enough to fit inside the large container) 2 test tubes (must fit over the end of the funnel) a light source: sunlight or at least a 40-watt bulb dechlorinated tap water (chlorine in the water will kill the plant), enough to fill both containers about ¾ full Gloves For each sprig, remove several leaves at the base of the stem and cut the end at an angle. Gently crush the end of the stem with your fingers. You will use four sprigs for each experimental setup. Fill the large container about ¾ full of room temperature dechlorinated water and add a few spoonfuls of the baking soda. Stir the solution until it is fully dissolved. This bicarbonate solution will provide the elodea with the carbon dioxide it needs to use photosynthesis. Add the same amount of baking soda and water to both of the large containers. Add four sprigs to the bottom of each container. Invert the funnel and place in the container so that it covers all of the sprigs of elodea and the end of the funnel points towards the top. Make sure there is enough water so that the end of the funnel is still submerged. Add more room temperature water, if necessary. Either submerge the test tube in water until there are no bubbles left in the tube or simply fill the tube all the way to the top. It is crucial to the experiment that there is no air trapped anywhere in the test tube. Hold your thumb over the top of the test tube, gently turn the test tube over and lower the end into the water. Remove your thumb and check for any bubbles in the tube. If there are bubbles, tilt the tube until the bubbles escape to the surface. When all bubbles are gone, set the test tube over the stalk of the glass funnel.  Ensure that the setup is stable and the test tube sits snugly on top of the funnel. At this stage there should be no air bubbles anywhere in either of the test tubes. If there is air, remove the test tube, refill with water, and try again. For the jar in direct light, place it near a window or next to a lamp. For the jar in darkness, store it in a dark room or closet with no windows. Leave a note on the door that says “Do Not Open” so your family will know an experiment is in progress.  The jar stored in the darkness is the “control” for photosynthesis. Since we are trying to prove that photosynthesis produces the oxygen, we want to make sure that no oxygen is produced in the absence of light. Leave both jars alone for at least 8, but up to 24 hrs.  After just a few hours, you should start to see air bubbles appear in the test tube of the elodea in the light.
A: Gather the necessary materials. Prepare the elodea plants. Make the sodium bicarbonate solution. Place the elodea sprigs in the bottom of the container with the funnel inverted over them. Fill both test tubes with water. Invert the test tubes and place over the stems of each funnel. Store one jar in direct light and one jar in darkness.

Q: Your deck should have exactly 60 cards and it should be shuffled well. One-fourth to one-third of the cards in your deck should be energy cards for a well-balanced deck, but whatever suits you is fine.  If you don't have 60 cards to play with and you're playing casually, ask your opponent if it's OK to play with less than 60 cards in a deck. Make sure you and your opponent have the same amount of cards in your decks! Flip a coin to see who starts. The first player cannot attack on their first turn. Take 7 cards from the top of the deck and put them aside, face down. Look for a Basic Pokémon in your hand of 7 cards. Basic Pokémon are represented by a box that says "BASIC" at the top of the card. If there aren't any Basics, shuffle your hand into your deck and draw another 7 cards. This is called a mulligan. Each time you perform a mulligan, your opponent has the choice of drawing an extra card. If you have at least one basic Pokémon in your hand, put the one you want to use for attack first face down onto the playing area a few inches in front of you. If you have more basic Pokémon cards in your hand, you can put them face down beneath your active Pokémon as your bench. You may have no more than 5 Pokémon on your bench at one time. You can look at your hand, but don't look at your prizes yet! Place these cards in a pile on the side face-down. Each time you knock one of your opponent's Pokémon out, take a prize card. When you run out of prize cards, you win. Fewer prize cards can be used for a faster game.  There is a special rule for EX and GX Pokémon. If you knock out an EX or GX Pokémon, you get to take two instead of one Prize Card. Contrary to popular belief, you do not take or keep your opponent's Prize Cards. Once you knock out a Pokémon, you take Prize Cards from your own pile, and put them into your hand. Typically these should be on your right side, opposite to the prize cards. Your Discard Pile will be below your deck. When you are ready to begin, make sure your active and benched Pokémon cards are all turned face up. The rest of your hand, prizes, and the rest of your deck should all be face down. You can look at your hand, but not your deck or prize cards. You win if you take all your prize cards, if your opponent has to draw but can't because they've run out of cards in their deck, or if you knock out all Pokémon on your opponent's field.
A:
Shuffle your deck. Determine who goes first. Draw 7 cards. Find your Basic Pokémon. Pick your active Pokémon. Draw your six prize cards. Put the remainder of your deck to the side. Face your cards in the right direction. Play until someone wins.