Summarize the following:
While you probably won't be able to control the shape of the tree, you can occasionally remove the younger branches to prevent overgrowth. Look for branches lower down on the tree that are around 1–2 in (2.5–5.1 cm) in diameter.  Look for branches that are growing at an odd angle or which are crossing with other branches. These are good candidates to remove. Well-established branches or branches high on the tree should only be removed if they are dead or diseased. Removing large, healthy branches can damage your tree and prevent flowers from blooming. Because magnolias are so sensitive to pruning, it is a good idea to space out any major reshaping or trimming over the span of 2-3 years. While this requires a bit of waiting, the results will be worth it in the long run. You can prune healthy branches immediately after removing dead or diseased branches after the first bloom. Look for thin, young side-shoots that are growing off the main branches. These are very thin, usually less than 1 in (2.5 cm) in diameter. Cut them off where they meet the branch. Trimming off these new shoots will reduce the density of the tree. They can help you make a more open, attractive tree. That said, only target small, young growths. Follow the branch back all the way to the trunk. Make the cut just above the branch collar, which is a slightly wider area where the trunk and the branch meet. Leave about 1 in (2.5 cm) on the branch to prevent disease. Do not cut off the branches at the ends. Magnolias have a habit of water sprouting, which means that they will produce dozens of smaller stems and branches that cannot be easily controlled. Additionally, water sprouting often results in an unattractive tree, compared with the natural growth of a magnolia. Water sprouts are long, scraggly branches that grow where a branch was pruned or broken. They often grow in unsightly clusters. To remove these, rub the new shoots with your hand until they break off.

summary: Select young, lower branches if you want to control growth. Trim new shoots with pruning shears to open up the tree. Cut off branches near the trunk with lopping shears. Rub water sprouts off the tree.


Summarize the following:
Biała kiełbasa (BEEYAH-wah keeyehw-BAH-sah) is usually white in color. Because it is raw, it needs to be cooked first. After it is cooked, you can serve it as is, or you can bake, grill, or fry it to further improve its flavor.  If you have dried kiełbasa, such as kabanos, you do not need to cook it. Simply slice it up, and eat it on its own, or add it to a sandwich. If you have kiełbasa zwyczajna (keeyehw-BAH-sah zvih-CHAI-nah), or "regular" kiełbasa, you do not need to cook it, although it is highly recommended that you do to kill off any potential bacteria. You can bake it, fry it, or grill it. The pot needs to be wide enough to comfortably fit the kiełbasa without cramming it in. If you are cooking a lot of kiełbasa, it might be a good idea to cook it in several batches. Store your extra kiełbasa in the fridge while you cook it. How much water you use depends on the size of your saucepan and the thickness of the kiełbasa. Let the water simmer uncovered for 30 minutes, or until the kiełbasa's temperature reaches between 168 and 174°F (76 and 79°C). You can test the temperature with a meat thermometer Once your kiełbasa is cooked, you can toss it into żurek (a popular soup served during Easter in Poland), or you can heat it up by baking, frying, or grilling.

summary: Buy some "biała" or white kiełbasa. Place the kiełbasa in a large pot. Pour enough water into the pot to cover the kiełbasa. Bring the water to a boil over high heat, then reduce it to a simmer. Consider browning or grilling your cooked biała kiełbasa.


Summarize the following:
One common sign is a lump in its neck. There are also several things that a horse will actually do when it is choking. Despite showing these signs, be aware that a horse may still try to eat or drink.  Coughing Yawning Arching neck Drooling Difficulty breathing If you are not the horse's owner, contact the owner to let them know about the situation. Choke will get worse if a horse continues to eat and drink, so do your best to keep the horse from any potential food and drink sources.  Move the horse to a stall that does not contain any bedding. The horse may want to eat the bedding, so it will be important to remove all potential food sources. A horse will become dehydrated quickly, but do not to allow it to drink water from a bucket. A horse may become increasingly anxious and restless if it is choking, which could put you in danger of injury.  Do not approach the horse if your safety is at risk.  If necessary, the veterinarian will sedate the animal to calm it down. This will help prevent food from going into the horse's airway, which could cause respiratory complications.  Keeping the horse standing will also keep it from giving up, which could easily happen if the horse lies down. If you have a head-collar/halter on hand, use it to hold the horse and keep it standing. However, do not attempt to hold the horse if your safety is at risk. The lump will indicate where the food has become stuck in the esophagus.  Do not touch the horse's neck if the horse is too restless or anxious to approach.   If the horse will allow you to touch its neck, try to gently massage the lump to assist in its removal. If the object is something soft like an apple, it will dissolve after 5-15 minutes. If it is not gone by then, it will probably be something harder or more dense, like a carrot. Blockages can also occur from dry foods such as sugar beet. If not soaked properly, dry foods will swell and cause the same result. This can only be removed by the assistance of a veterinarian with proper equipment.
summary: Look for common signs that a horse is choking. Call the veterinarian immediately. Prevent the horse from eating or drinking anything else. Keep the horse as calm as possible. Keep the horse standing with its head down. Touch the horse's neck to find the lump.