Summarize the following:
Any dirt or loose hair that gets caught between the horse and the saddle can cause chafing and discomfort. A quick grooming session with a curry comb, dandy brush, and soft brush will remove any debris that could cause problems. Grooming also calms a horse, which will make saddling it easier. In other words, lift up the dangling stirrups and tuck them under the seat of the saddle. This keeps them out of the way while you put the saddle on the horse. If you don’t do this before putting the saddle on, the stirrups will get in your way and may clang against the sides of the horse, causing discomfort and anxiety. The girth is the strap that buckles at each side of the saddle and loops underneath the horse’s midsection. Unbuckle it from the saddle so it’s out of the way when you put the saddle on the horse.  Alternatively, leave the girth buckled on the right-hand side and fold it over the top of the saddle. But it’s just as easy to unbuckle it completely. English saddles have 3 billets (straps with sizing holes) on each side, and the girth will be buckled to 2 of these billets per side. A contoured pad nestles under the saddle before you place the combination onto the horse. Nestle the pad underneath, then position yourself on the left-hand side of the horse and make sure it knows you’re there. Carefully lay the saddle over the horse’s back, so that the pommel of the saddle is just barely behind the withers—the ridge between the front shoulder blades that marks the high point of the back.  There should be at least 1 in (2.5 cm) of pad visible all the way around the edge of the saddle. If there isn’t, the pad isn’t large enough. If the horse is a bit skittish or not used to being saddled, be extra gentle and encourage it with a soothing voice. With a square pad, you place the pad on the horse’s back, then follow up with the saddle. Stand on the horse’s left-hand side, making sure it is aware of your presence. Gently lay the pad over the center of the horse’s back, starting it right at the withers.  Follow this by gently putting on the saddle, making sure at least 1 in (2.5 cm) of the pad is protruding beyond the edges of the saddle. Otherwise, use a bigger pad. Some square pads have a loop on either side that you feed a billet (adjustable strap) through to secure the pad and saddle together. If your pad has loops, make sure they’re near the horse’s front shoulders. The saddle is in the proper position when it rests level on the horse’s back. With practice, you can visually confirm that it’s level—to be sure though, try placing a piece of chalk on the center of the saddle. When the saddle is level, the chalk won’t roll off. Don’t slide the saddle forward, since this goes against the direction of hair growth and causes discomfort to the horse. If necessary, lift the saddle off and place it further forward to begin with.

summary: Groom the horse before putting on a saddle. Run up the stirrup irons on the stirrup leathers. Detach the girth and set it aside. Put a contoured pad and the saddle on together, as one option. Place a square pad, then the saddle, on the horse as another option. Slide the saddle back a bit until it settles into place.


Summarize the following:
The cleat hitch is both easy to tie and untie. It is also very strong, so it you can use it to firmly secure most watercraft. You use the cleat hitch to tie ropes to cleats. Cleats are shaped sort of like T's. Make a single full wrap around the base of the cleat. The stationary end of the rope should be perpendicular to the cleat. The end you are holding should be parallel to the cleat. Pull the tail end of the rope across the top of the cleat. Wrap it under the first horn, then drag it over the top of the cleat. Wrap it under the second horn.  Keep the rope between the screws on top of the cleat. If the cleat is large, or if the rope will be under a lot of tension, make 2 to 3 more figure eights. You'll notice that you have rope crisscrossing over the top of the cleat. Find the topmost rope, and pass the end of the rope under it. Make sure that the tail end is pointing away from the stationary rope.

summary: Use a cleat hitch if you need to tie your boat to a floating dock. Wrap the end of the rope around the base of the cleat. Wind the end of the rope around the horns to form a figure eight. Pull the end of the rope under the top wrap. Tug on the tail end of the rope to tighten the knot.


Summarize the following:
After having a bowel movement or urinating it is very important to wipe from front to back, so you don't risk getting fecal matter in your urethra. This is a very common cause of urinary tract infections, so if you take this simple measure, you'll save yourself a lot of trouble. Sexual intercourse is another situation that leaves you more susceptible to getting bacteria in your urethra. Take the time to wash yourself with soap and water both before and after having sex to greatly reduce your risk of getting a UTI.  Ask your partner to wash before sex, too. Many UTIs are contracted when a person is touched with a partner's hands or other body parts that have not been washed with soap and water. Urinating before and after sex is essential for preventing UTIs because it helps flush the bacteria that may be present near the urethra. Avoid having sex with someone while he or she has a UTI. Men are especially at risk of getting an infection from a partner who already has one. UTIs occur more frequently with a new sex partner. They should subside once you and your partner have been having intercourse for awhile. These products contain chemicals and perfumes that can irritate the urethra and cause an infection. The body produces natural cleansers to keep the internal vaginal area clean, so using soap and water on the exterior body parts should be sufficient.  Powders, especially scented powders, should also be avoided since they can irritate the urethra. Use gentle, natural cleansers if you do decide to clean the internal part of your vagina.
summary: Clean from front to back. Wash before and after having sex. Avoid feminine sprays and douches.