The turtle’s shell, or carapace, differs slightly between male and female. An adult female turtle has a slightly longer shell than an adult male has.  As a means of sexing the turtle, this method is limited because you need to make sure that the turtle is fully grown.  You may assume that a turtle is male due to a smaller size when it actually has more growing to do. There can be an overlap in size between a large male and a small female, so it’s not possible to predict the gender based on size alone. The underside of the shell, which covers the turtle equivalent of a belly, is called the plastron. To check the plastron, pick the turtle up with care. They do not like to be handled and may try to bite, so grasp the turtle from the tail end so it can't reach around and snap at you. Gently turn the turtle over so you can see the underside. In male turtles, the plastron is slightly concave (curving inwards), whereas a female's is flat.  A concave plastron allows for a male turtle to fit over a female’s shell during mating without rolling off. The female’s flatter plastron gives her more room internally in which to grow eggs. Male turtles often have a small 'V,' or notch, at the rear end of the carapace. This is to accommodate the tail when the turtles mate. Otherwise the tail might be crushed against the underside of his shell. Some species of turtles have gender-specific external features.  Some species that may reveal gender through coloring are:  The American box turtle: 90 percent of the time, male box turtles have red or orange irises while the female has brown or yellow ones. Also, the female has a tendency to have a higher-domed, more rounded shell, whereas the male has a lower shell with more of an oval or oblong appearance. Sun turtle: If the turtle's underbelly has blue coloring, it's a male. If the underbelly does not have blue coloring, it's a female.
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One-sentence summary -- Look at your turtle’s shell. Examine the turtle’s plastron. Check the turtle for a tail notch. Look for species-specific clues.


PHP is created in any text editor, though a dedicated coding editor will highlight your syntax and make it much easier to read. PHP exists within a standard HTML file. In order to see the results of your PHP script, you will need to have a basic website to display it:  <html> <body> <h1>PHP Test</h1> </body> </html> The “ECHO” function will print back the text to the website. This is a basic function of PHP, and will help you learn how to format PHP syntax. All PHP scripts start with <?php and end with ?>. Statements are ended with a semicolon (;).  <html> <body> <h1>PHP Test</h1> <?php echo "This is my first PHP script!"; ?> </body> </html> This is a good practice to get into. Comments aren't displayed to the user, but they allow other developers to see what you are doing. They can also help you remember what you were attempting if you revisit the code later.   <html> <body> <h1>PHP Test</h1> <?php // This is a comment that takes one line. echo "This is my first PHP script!"; /* This is a comment that spans multiple lines */ ?> </body> </html> Variables are objects that have values assigned to them in the script. You can then manipulate these variables to display results to the user. Variables are a powerful part of PHP scripting, and are denoted by a “$” before the variable.  <html> <body> <h1>PHP Test</h1> <?php /* This command will add the two variables  and display the output (16). */ $x=4; $y=12; $z=$x+$y; echo $z; /* Variables are case-sensitive. If you declare $x=4,  but then type $X later, it will not be returned. */ ?> </body> </html> A lot of the functionality of PHP comes from the If/Else statements. These allow you to create conditions for specific commands to occur. This is especially useful for creating customized messages, as well as checking connections.  <html> <body> <h1>PHP Test</h1> <?php $t=date("H"); /* This defines the “$t” variable as the time of day (date) in a 24 hour format (H). It is based on the server's clock. */ if ($t<"20")    {    echo "Have a great day!";    } else    {    echo "Get to sleep!";    } /* If the time is less than 20 (8 PM), then it will display  “Have a great day!” If it is after 20, it will display  “Get to sleep!” */ ?> </body> </html>
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One-sentence summary -- Open your text editor. Create a basic website. Create a basic ECHO script. Add comments to your PHP script. Create a script with some basic variables. Create a basic If/Else statement.


. These are the beams which make up the skeleton of your walls. You’ll need to plan ahead to know where you want all of your walls to go, which should have been done in your building phase. There are two main materials from which you can make your studs: steel or wood. Each has their benefits and you should choose what is best for you.  As a general rule, wood is cheaper but steel is stronger. You can add further insulation at this point by putting traditional insulation in the framing area. . Once your walls have a skeleton they’ll need a skin! Install drywall or use whatever wall finishing method you prefer to get nice walls which you can paint when your project is complete. . If you did not already, you’ll need to add drywall or other finishing materials to your ceiling. This will give you a nice surface to paint or finish in your preferred method. . You can save a few bucks by keeping your concrete floors and having them bare. This may be cold, however so consider carefully. Concrete floors can be stained to achieve really cool finishes, giving you a modern look. nstall carpet onto the concrete or build a subfloor. You’ll need to figure out what flooring method is best for you. Installing a subfloor will make for a warmer floor than just installing carpet but it may take away badly needed inches in terms of wall height, as well as adding to the overall project cost. . If you’re adding rooms to your new space, you’ll also want to add doors. This will be especially important for bathrooms and bedrooms. Make sure you account for doors being able to open and close when you place items like sinks, tubs, and toilets into rooms.
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One-sentence summary --
Place the studs Finish your walls and add drywall Finish your ceiling Consider keeping your concrete floors . Add doors