Summarize the following:
If a wet diaper is worn for a long time, or if urine and/or stool irritate the infant’s skin, diaper rash can result. An infant’s bottom or genitals may become red and sore, causing discomfort and irritability. However, the condition can be easily treated at home. Usually, diaper rash will be avoided or disappear within twenty-four hours if:  Diapers are changed frequently The infant’s skin is washed carefully A non-prescription diaper ointment is applied at diaper changes This condition, called jaundice, is common in infants and is not usually associated with a disease or problem. It may cause yellowing of the skin, or orange or greenish in some cases. It may show up 24 hours after birth and peak at about 72 hours. It appears because an infant builds up a substance called bilirubin, and can have a number of causes ranging from not getting enough breast milk to the newborn having an immature liver. Usually, jaundice will clear on its own within a few days, but frequent feeding (every 2-3 hours) and a phototherapy treatment are also be recommended: Phototherapy treatments expose the infant to light, which helps to eliminate bilirubin. Your physician will explain what phototherapy to use, if one is deemed necessary. Light tan spots (sometimes called café-au-lait spots) may appear at birth or develop in a child’s first few years. If many of these spots (or especially large ones) are present, your doctor will monitor your child, since they may be a sign of a condition called neurofibromatosis. There may be moles present on your newborn, called congenital nevi. These can vary in size: they may be as small as a pea, or large enough to cover an entire limb. Your doctor will inspect and monitor nevi, since large ones have a greater risk of becoming skin cancer. Port wine stains (large purple-red patches) are often harmless, but could be a symptom of an underlying issue such as Sturge-Weber syndrome or Klippel-Trenaunay-Weber syndrome. Fat necrosis is a movable lump underneath the surface that appears on some infants. Though fat necrosis is often benign and will go away on its own within a few weeks, your doctor will want to examine the lump to make sure that it is not related to another condition (such as renal disease or hypercalcemia). If your newborn’s skin is bluish all over (cyanosis), let your physician know right away. This could indicate that your newborn’s blood is not circulating properly, or be a sign of a heart problem. If you feel that your baby is acting unusually, or if he or she develops unexplained skin conditions, talk to your physician, especially if you notice:  Pain, swelling, or warmth in an area of your baby’s skin Red streaks extending from an area on his or her skin Pus Swollen lymph nodes Fever (38°C / 100.4°F or higher) Your baby is unusually fussy
Care for diaper rash. Let your doctor know if your newborn’s skin is yellowish. Look for any light brown spots. Monitor any moles. Have your physician examine any large purplish blotches. Have your physician examine any lumps that appear on your infant’s skin. Keep an eye on your newborn’s skin color. Contact your physician if you have any concerns.