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These are the two types of water filters available for home use. POE systems treat all of the water that enters your home and connects to the water meter or pressurized storage tank. POU systems, however, treat water at the point where it is being consumed, such as a shower head or sink.  POU filters can be attached externally or can be installed inline. POU filters that are installed inline filter all the water passing through a pipe. These types of filters are very common and come in many different formats. POU filters include pitcher filters, personal water bottles with built-in filters, and refrigerator filters. They can be mounted to a faucet, under the sink, or the countertop.  Smaller carafe-style pitcher filters are good for single people or couples since they only filter a small amount of drinking water at a time. Some people do not like filters attached to their countertop or faucet; see which style of POU filter suits you best. This will help you decide if you need to target any specific contaminants when choosing a filtering system. The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) requires water companies to provide a consumer confidence report (CCR) every year, which analyzes the water quality in your area. The information is available on your local government website or newspaper. If you want to test the water yourself, call the EPA's Safe Drinking Water Hotline (800-426-4791) for the names of state-certified testing labs, which may offer low-cost or free test kits. You can also go to www.epa.gov/safewater/labs to find out more information.  Visible particles in your water can be rust or sediment, and houses that rely on wells often have bacteria in the water. The contaminates your water has will depend on your home.  You may discover you do not need a water filter at all because your water contains no contaminants. If you have a family that drinks several gallons of water a day, a single carafe-style filter would need to constantly be refilled, but a smaller family or couple's water needs would be met by a simple filter.  If the contaminates in your water are very toxic, you probably want a POE filter to clean all the coming into your house water. On the other hand, if you are only filtering the water for taste, a POU filter on the faucet will suffice. Research the different options. Consider talking to a Certified Water Treatment Professional.
Learn about the POE and POU systems. Learn about the different types of POU systems available. Find out what's contaminating your water. Evaluate your specific water filtration needs based on the contaminants in your water and the POE and POU systems.