Italians eat noodles by twirling the pasta with a fork, turning the noodles into a small nest. Different cultures have different ways of eating noodles.  Italians twirl the pasta because it allows them to capture other ingredients that are blended into the pasta dish, like nuts or capers.  This method works with more pasta dishes than spaghetti. Traditionally, you would see more Italians using both a fork and a spoon to twirl their pasta. While this is not technically wrong, the modern trend is to use a fork instead. Why do you need both anyway? Spaghetti noodles can be sloppy, so what’s the right away to eat them so you don’t look like you’re making a mess?  Take the fork, and twirl some noodles around the tines of it. At the same time, anchor the fork on the side or the bottom of the plate. Some people then twirl the fork on a spoon, but others just use the fork. If using a fork and spoon, hold the spoon in your left hand, and the fork in your right. Push the fork tines through the pasta meeting the spoon on the opposite side. Hold the spoon firmly, and twirl the fork until no strands are hanging from it. Now, lift the fork to your mouth. You could also cut the pasta into small pieces with a fork or knife, making it easy to eat with either a fork or a spoon. Many people will serve spaghetti noodles to children in this manner. In Thailand, Japan, and some other countries, noodle dishes are eaten with both a fork and a soup spoon.  Pick up the noodles with the fork, and twirl them or hold them against the soup spoon before lifting them into your mouth. One utensil serves as a guide, and the other will hold the noodles, allowing them to be lifted.
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One-sentence summary -- Eat noodles like an Italian. Twirl or cut spaghetti noodles. Use a spoon and a fork to eat noodles in soup.


Oftentimes, it is easiest to determine the range of a function by simply graphing it. Many root functions have a range of (-∞, 0] or [0, +∞) because the vertex of the sideways parabola is on the horizontal, x-axis. In this case, the function encompasses all of the positive y-values if the parabola goes up, or all of the negative y-values if the parabola goes down. Fraction functions will have asymptotes that define the range.  Some root functions will start above or below the x-axis. In this case, the range is determined by the point the root function starts. If the parabola starts at y = -4 and goes up, then the range is [-4, +∞). The easiest way to graph a function is to use a graphing program or a graphing calculator. If you do not have a graphing calculator, you can draw a rough sketch of a graph by plugging x-values into the function and getting the corresponding y-values. Plot these coordinates on the graph to get an idea of the shape of the graph. Once you have graphed the function, you should be able to clearly see the lowest point of the graph. If there is no obvious minimum, know that some functions will continue on to -∞. A fraction function will include all points except those at the asymptote. They often have ranges such as (-∞, 6) U (6, ∞). Again, after graphing, you should be able to identify the maximum point of the function. Some functions will continue on to +∞ and therefore, will not have a maximum. Like the domain, the range is written with the same notation. Use a bracket when the number is included in the domain and use a parenthesis when the domain does not include the number. The letter U indicates a union that connects parts of a domain that may be separated by a gap.  For example, a range of [-2, 10) U (10, 2] includes -2 and 2, but does not include number 10. Always use parentheses if you are a using the infinity symbol, ∞.
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One-sentence summary -- Graph the function. Find the minimum of the function. Determine the maximum of the function. Write the range with proper notation.


Use a circular saw to cut a single 8 ft (2.4 m) long 2 in × 8 in (5.1 cm × 20.3 cm) board into 8 equal lengths of 12 in (30 cm) each. Be sure to measure the length with a tape measure before cutting, so you don't cut the boards to the wrong length. These 8 segments will form the feet of the jump, so they should all be identical in length. The 2 posts that form the vertical side pieces of the standard jump will each be made from a 4 in × 4 in (10 cm × 10 cm) 6 ft (1.8 m) pressure-treated post. To keep the 2 posts steady, each will have 4 feet around its base. Stand each of the posts upright, and place 1 foot against each side of its base.  Situate the butt of 1 foot flush with 1 edge of the post. Place the second foot so it butts up against the first, the third so it butt up against the second, and the fourth so it butts up against the third. Think of the feet positioning like hands on a clock. Each of the 2 high posts will have a foot located at 12, 3, 6, and 9 o'clock. Visually, they'll more or less resemble a pinwheel pattern. Once the feet are in place, you're ready to attach them to the vertical poles. On all 4 feet, set each of the 4 screws in at least 1⁄2 in (1.3 cm) from the outer edge of the post. A power drill is the most efficient tool for the job. Place a Philips head bit on the drill, and screw each of the deck screws firmly into place. You'll need 32 deck screws total. Deck screws are a little more expensive than other kinds of screws, but won't deteriorate in pressure-treated lumber.
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One-sentence summary --
Cut an 8 ft (2.4 m) long board in 8 sections of 1 foot (0.30 m). Position 4 feet around each of your 2 vertical posts. Screw the feet onto the bottom of the posts with 4 deck screws per foot.