Article: You might not like to negotiate, so ask a friend who isn’t afraid to negotiate to come along with you. You can say they are your partner or sibling and let them negotiate on your behalf. At a minimum, they can offer moral support. Negotiating can be emotional, and you might be better off calling ahead of time. Describe your car briefly and ask the salesperson for their best quote. Who knows—someone might offer you the amount you are hoping to get. Avoid setting up appointments to meet with someone. This is simply an invitation to come negotiate in person. When you go to the dealership, you should avoid negotiating the price of your trade-in until you nail down the price of your new car. The salesperson might give you a good deal on your trade-in, but they’ll simply increase the amount you pay for the new car.  If the dealer asks if you have a trade in, you can insist you don’t. Then you can change your mind.  For example, you can say, “You know what? Maybe I do want to trade in my car.” Smile and shrug your shoulders. You want the dealer to know that you aren’t a pushover. Instead, let them know you’ve done some basic research by saying, “I saw my car was listed as having a $10,000 trade-in value on Autotrader.com” The number you quote should be the highest you think you can get. Realize that you might have to go lower in order to close the deal. You can expect the salesperson to make a lowball initial offer. Don’t be offended—and don’t be afraid to negotiate. A good idea is to ask them to explain why they think the car isn’t worth much. For example, you can say, “I think $6,000 is a little low. Why don’t you think it’s worth $10,000?” Expect the salesperson to point out the flaws in your car. Try not to budge too much from the amount you quoted. Instead, point out why your car is worth the amount you want. For example, the dealership might offer $6,000. You can say, “I agree the car is scratched on its bumper, but that can be fixed. It’s still in great condition, so I’d like close to $10,000.” At this point you can pull out your service records and show what great condition the car is in. Your strongest bargaining chip is your ability to walk away. The dealer will lose out on selling you a new car. Also, used cars are profit centers, and the dealer will lose out on your trade-in as well. Let the dealer know you’ll be showing the car to other people. For example, you can say, “Is that your best offer? I’ve got to write it down so I remember it when I drive over to other dealer across town.” Don’t fell rushed to fill up silence by lowering how much you’re willing to accept for your trade-in. Instead, let the silence just sit there. Pretend to polish your car or look toward other cars on the lot and wait for the salesperson to say something. At some point, you and the dealership will reach a stalemate. They’ll make their best offer for the trade-in. At that point, you should feel free to say, “I need to go shopping around. I’ll be in contact with you later.”  Remain polite and don’t let the salesperson bully you. If the salesperson pushes back, say, “I’ve got a meeting I need to be at.” See how much they are willing to give you for the car. You’ll have to go through the negotiations all over again, which can take time. However, if you want the best deal available, then shopping around is definitely worth your time. Ideally, you should visit at least three dealers. The amount a dealer offers depends in part on their inventory on the lot. For example, you might get a low offer if a dealer has several same-model used cars already on their lot.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Bring a friend with you. Call ahead, if necessary. Negotiate the price of your new car first. Show the dealer your research. Reject the first offer for your trade-in. Make a counteroffer. Mention you’ll be shopping around. Embrace silence. Walk away. Visit different dealers.

Pre-assessment is not a required step in the certification process. However, a preliminary review will give the certification body a chance to pinpoint any obvious errors or omissions in your documentation. Clearing up these issues before the formal audit will help you focus your quality system and improve your chances of successfully meeting ISO certification standards.  If you opt to go through with a pre-assessment, you’ll need to provide your chosen certification body with a complete, up-to-date copy of your Quality Management System paperwork. Be aware that the pre-assessment period may add 2-4 weeks to the certification process. On the opening date of your inspection, your registrar will sit down with key company personnel to introduce themselves and briefly discuss the proceedings. They’ll then turn their attention to inspecting your company’s operations and making sure they adhere to the standards detailed in your Quality Management System. Be prepared to offer your assistance any way you can.   You or your employees may be separately interviewed or called upon to explain details of policies and procedures that are central to your operations.  The actual audit is an ongoing process that may take anywhere from days to weeks. The exact length will depend on the complexity of your Quality Management System and the size and organizational structure of your company. Following the audit, the certifying body will send out a detailed audit report by mail. The report will summarize the registrar’s findings throughout the audit and bring to your attention any areas where your company’s practices don’t match the standards listed in your Quality Management System (referred to as “non conformities.”) The registrar may cite two different types of issues—Minor Non-conformities and Major Nonconformities. Make sure your project supervisor, internal auditor, and all other key employees are present when you go over the findings of your audit report. This is a brief document explaining the nature of the issue and articulating the measures needed to correct it. It's primary purpose is to demonstrate to the certifying body that you understand how an oversight fails to live up to ISO standards. Most Minor Nonconformities can be cleared up without the need for additional inspections, and won’t hold up your certification. Minor Nonconformities refer to small procedural errors or instances where policy and practice don’t quite line up, but don’t ultimately impact that quality of your product or service. These citations point to glaring discrepancies in the way your business model is conceived and executed. Coming back from a Major Nonconformity most often involves a series of follow-up inspections, along with the costs associated with fixing the problem from within. Your company or product will not be approved for certification until all Major Nonconformity citations have been reexamined and cleared by the registrar.  Major Nonconformities could also leave you subject to fines or similar penalties if they are discovered to be in violation of the law. If your audit report comes back with more than one Major Nonconformity highlighted, you may need to reconsider the content of your Quality Management System to determine whether it's feasible in its current form. If the registrar is satisfied with their findings, they’ll report back to the certifying body with a recommendation that your company be awarded certification. You’ll then be sent your official certificate. The document will display your level of certification and the exact set of standards you were found to be in compliance with, along with an official stamp from the certifying body.  It may take 2-3 weeks for your certificate to arrive after you’ve gotten word of approval from the certifying body. Your business will also be added to a register of companies with ISO certification, which can be viewed by consumers as well as other businesses.
++++++++++
One-sentence summary --
Submit your Quality Management System documentation for pre-assessment. Pass the external audit. Review your full audit report. Submit a plan of corrective action for resolving Minor Nonconformities. Tighten up your operations to deal with Major Nonconformities. Await your ISO certification.