" This method is slightly different than the one above, but works by the same basic principles and should work especially well for rust spots that have caused holes or pitting. To start, use a metal grinder to remove all of the rust. You want to grind to the point where you have "fresh" (un-rusted) steel all around where the rust spot was, even if this leaves you with a hole.  Getting rid of all of the rust is crucial — if you miss even a small fleck of rust, it can corrode underneath your car's paint over time and lead to another rust spot. Keep in mind, that, because you're using a grinder, all of the safety precautions at the beginning of the page apply for this method as well. That means wearing gloves, safety glasses and especially a dust mask to keep the rust and paint particles out of your lungs. Next, you'll want to apply a filler over your former rust spot. You can buy commercial fillers (like Bondo) at most auto stores for fairly cheap. For larger holes, however, you may need to improvise. In this case, you need something flat and fairly durable that paint can bind to and that won't rust to patch the hole with. Fix this object in place with a coat of commercial filler and allow it to dry. Believe it or not, cut-up beer or soda cans work well for hole-patching purposes. The aluminum in these cans is naturally corrosion-resistant and many modern cans are coated with a thin protective layer anyway. Another good choice is thin sheets of hard plastic. Next, use sandpaper to create a smooth, even surface between your new "patch" and the actual body of the car. This can be a long, tedious process — as you sand, you'll probably find that you need to add additional filler and let it dry periodically as you sand away the existing filler. The process thus becomes something along these lines: Filler, grind, filler, grind, filler, grind... (and so on).  Start grinding with a rough (low grit) sandpaper to smooth out big bumps, then gradually transition to a medium and finally a fine (high grit) sandpaper for a perfectly smooth finish. Slow, steady, hand-sanding is best for this process — mechanical grinders can tear your patch away. Next, you need to apply a fresh coating to your newly-repaired rust spot. To prepare for this, you'll need to mask most of your car to protect it from primer paint, and other airborne particles. Don't forget your windows and tires. Try to have the edges of your masking aligned with existing seams in the body of the car to hide minor differences between your new paint and the old paint (unless you're experienced enough to produce a smooth blend). Apply a few thin coats of primer, allowing each coat a minute or two to adhere before you reapply on top of it. Let the primer dry overnight, then, after about 12 hours, give it a sanding with wet 400 grit sandpaper so that the paint can adhere properly. When you're ready, apply your paint on top, using a similar "spray one thin coat at a time and let it dry" strategy as you used for the primer.  You may want to buff out the edges of your paint and/or cover with a clear coat layer so that this section matches the finish on the rest of your car. Obviously, it's important to pick a paint that matches your car's current finish. There is a specific paint color code for each vehicle that can be found on a sticker somewhere in the vehicle. This information is needed in order to match the color up. Most auto paint shops will be more than happy to help you with this. Keep in mind, however, that the paint on older cars can gradually discolor over time.

Summary: Grind rust down to "fresh steel. Cover the hole with a non-rusting filler. Use sandpaper to level. Mask around your work area. Apply primer, then paint.


On your Kindle Fire’s home screen, tap the Gallery to open it. You’ll see albums indicating the folders that the photos are in. If you copied the pictures directly into the Photos folder, then select the Photos album from the gallery to view the pictures you transferred. If you created a new folder, locate the album with the same name as the folder you created, and select that.

Summary: Head for the Gallery. Tap the album where you saved the photos.


You’ll need to be in the Arctic Circle to see the northern lights, and the winter months between November and March are the best time to see them because of how dark it gets. Some places you can go to photograph the northern lights are Iceland, northern Canada, northern Alaska, and the northern region of Sweden, Norway, and Finland. Light from nearby buildings will make it harder to capture the northern lights on camera. Once you pick a country to photograph the northern lights in, find a place there that’s far away from human activity. If you need help finding a good spot that doesn't have a lot of light pollution, check out the Blue Marble Light Pollution Map at https://blue-marble.de/nightlights/2012. Abisko National Park in Sweden is a spot in the path of the northern lights that’s far away from light pollution. You won’t be able to photograph the northern lights if there is a lot of cloud cover. Try to go out shooting on a night when there’s 0-10 percent cloud cover. If the cloud cover is 20-30 percent, you may still be able to take some photos of the northern lights, but they won’t be as clear. Check the local weather forecast to find out what nights during your trip will have the clearest skies for your photo shoot. The Kp-index measures the amount of auroral activity there will be on any given night. The more auroral activity on the night of your photo shoot, the more likely you are to see the northern lights. To check the Kp-index, visit http://www.swpc.noaa.gov/products/planetary-k-index. You should be able to see the auroral activity for that day and the day after. Auroral activity is measured on a scale of 0-9, with 0 being no activity and 9 being a significant amount of activity. If the Kp-index is 4 or higher for a particular day, you should be able to see the northern lights.
Summary: Plan a trip to the Arctic Circle sometime between November and March. Choose a spot with minimal light pollution. Pick a night when the forecast calls for clear skies. Check the Kp-index before your photo shoot.