Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Use an online calculator. Measure out the room. Multiply the room measurements together. Multiply the cubic volume to account for room size. Adjust the heat requirement for room features. Add all room heat requirements to come up with a boiler size. Convert BTUs to watts. Consult a heating contractor.

Answer: Plenty of websites have calculators to help you figure out your heat need. Search for a radiator sizing calculator. Most of them can do the math in both feet and meters. You’ll need to know your room dimensions as well as its features, such as the type of windows and insulation. These calculators use the same math you can do by hand. They’re good for saving time or checking your calculations. Get a tape measure if you don’t already know the dimensions of the room. Measure the length, width, and height of the room. Write down the measurements so you don’t forget them. Multiply together the length, width, and height of the room. This gives you the cubic volume of the room. For example, a room 13 feet (4 m) wide, 12 feet (3.7 m) long, and nine feet high has a cubic volume of 1,404 cubic feet. You can measure your room in either feet or meters. Multiplying by a room factor is the easiest way to estimate the heat needed for a type of room. For lounges, living rooms, and dining rooms, multiply the cubic volume by five. For bedrooms, multiply by four. For common areas and kitchens, multiply by three. This gives you the needed radiator output in BTUs.  When measuring in meters, you can multiply the cubic volume by 153. This gives you a general idea of the heat you need for any room.  For example, a 1,404 cubic foot living room requires about 7020 BTUs. Some rooms hold more heat than others. For rooms facing north, add 10% to the BTU score. For rooms with French windows, add 20%. Subtract 20% for foam-filled cavity walls and 5% for double glazed windows. Continue making adjustments until you have an estimate for the number of BTUs your room needs. There are plenty of other factors that determine heat loss and retention. For example, outside walls raise the BTUs needed by 15-40%. Having a bedroom above the room lowers the score by 15%. To figure out how big a boiler you need, you have to calculate the BTU requirement of every room. Follow the same steps you used for the first room. Total all the BTU measurements together. This number is the amount of BTUs the boiler needs to put out to heat your home. Add 20% to the BTU total to account for a hot water circulating tank. Add on 10% to account for heat loss. Divide your final BTU measurement by 3.41. The heating power of radiators is often calculated in watts. Keep both numbers on hand in case you need them while picking out a radiator. When in doubt, it’s always best to get the opinion of a heating expert. They’ll be able to figure out your heating needs for you. In addition, they can help you change your heating system. Since water is used in radiators, some plumbers may also be able to do this.


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Deal with your anxiety. Smile at the audience. Give a performance. Engage the audience. Talk more slowly. Have a good closing.

Answer: Pretty much everyone gets a little anxious before they have to get up in front of people and talk. Hopefully, you're already prepared with your speech and you know how to give it. Fortunately there are some ways to make those jitters more manageable.  Rid yourself of adrenaline by doing a few jumping jacks, lifting your hands above your head, or clenching and unclenching your hands several times. Take 3 deep, slow breaths. This will clear your system and get you ready to breathe properly during the speech. Stand confidently in a relaxed and upright posture, with your feet shoulder-width apart. This will trick your brain into thinking that you're confident and make it easier to give the speech. Smile at them as they come into the room (if you're out there) or smile when you get up in front of them. This will make it seem like you're confident and ease the atmosphere both for you and for them. Smile even if you feel like hurling (especially if you feeling like hurling). This will help trick your brain into feeling confident and at ease. Speaking in public, of any kind, is all about performance. You can make your speech interesting or boring depending on the performance you give. You need to have an onstage persona that you use while you're speaking. However, you should be authentic and avoid over-acting.  Tell a story. Part of your performance is giving the speech or speaking like you're telling a story. People love stories and it will make it easier for them to connect with you, even if you're talking about something factually based. use your overarching theme or subject as the basis of the story. Why should the audience care about your topic? What's the point?  Try to have a balance between your rehearsed speech and some spontaneity. People don't want to sit there and watch you mumble through your note cards. It's a good idea to give yourself space to expand on your subject free of the note cards and to add a few side stories to give interest. Use your hands to help you make points. You don't want to be flailing about onstage, but neither do you want to be standing stock still while you talk. It's good to use controlled gestures to make points as you speak. Vary your voice while you're speaking. Your audience will be asleep in 10 seconds flat if you only speak in one long monotone. Get excited about your subject and show that in your inflections. You want to make sure your audience is in your power, which means engaging them in the material no matter what it happens to be. This comes down to being an interesting speaker more than it comes down to an interesting topic.  Look at your audience. Mentally split your room up into sections and make eye contact with one person in each section on a rotational basis. If you have time, ask your audience questions during your speech. You could open up each different section of your speech with questions that people can answer before you show them your information. It will make them feel as if they are part of your speech. Keep in mind that this could be distracting, though, so you may want to stick with rhetorical questions. One of the things people fail most frequently in while trying to speak in public is by talking too fast. Your normal conversational speed is a lot faster than the speed that you'll be using for your speech. If you feel you're going too slow, you're probably going just right.  Take a drink of water if you find yourself whipping through your speech. It will help give your audience a second to catch up and it will let you take a moment to slow down. If you do have a friend or family member in the audience, arrange a signal with them so they can let you know if you're going too fast. Glance their way occasionally throughout your speech so that you know you're on track. People remember the beginning and the ending of a speech, they rarely remember the middle bits. Because of this you want to make sure that you have an ending that they will remember.  Make sure that your audience knows why this subject is important and why they should have this information. If you can, end with a call to action. For example: if you're giving a speech about the importance of art classes in schools, end by giving your audience something that they can do about the fact that art electives are being cut. End with a story that illustrates your main point. Again, people like stories. Give a story of a way this information benefited someone, or the dangers of not having this information, or how it specifically relates to your audience (people are more interested when things are about them).


Problem: Write an article based on this summary: Familiarize yourself with your tractor’s manual. Give the tractor a visual inspection. Do a tire pressure check. Test the lights. Inspect the belts and hoses. Replace the air filter as needed. Test the hydraulic system.

Answer:
There are many different types of tractors on the market with a wide variety of applications and associated accessories. To be sure you properly maintain your specific make and model of tractor, you should read through the manual that came with it.  Many tractors require specific types of lubricants and hydraulic fluids that you can identify in the manual. Using the wrong kind could damage your tractor. If you do not have a manual for your tractor, you may be able to find the information on the manufacturer's website. Before you get started with any planned maintenance on your tractor, give the whole thing a good once over to see if anything looks overly worn, broken, or dirty. Many newer model tractors even have plastic windows on fluid reservoirs to check things like hydraulic fluid levels.  Give your tractor a visual inspection before and after each use. Make note of any issues you identify to make sure you address them before the next time you use the tractor. Use a tire pressure gauge on each tire and compare it to the tire’s pressure rating written on the sidewall. Tractor tires can last years, but operating a tractor with under-inflated tires can ruin the sidewall and cause the tires to wear faster than they should. Under-inflated tires will also cause the tractor to burn more fuel in normal operations.  You may want to adjust tire pressure for different types of jobs. For instance, if you plan on driving your tractor on the road, you might want to add a few more pounds of air. Reducing tire pressure on slick surfaces like mud can help increase traction. Tires lose pressure more quickly when temperatures change from cold to hot, so you may want to check your tire pressure more frequently in the spring and fall. Some tractors may not be equipped with any lights at all, while others could have an extensive lighting system that includes turn signals and interior lighting. Check each of the lights after each use of the tractor so you can address any electrical issues as they arise.  If a light fails to work, it may be a blown out bulb or fuse that needs to be replaced. If neither of those solve the problem, your tractor may need to be serviced by a technician. Check your owner’s manual to find the correct type of bulb or fuse needed to fix a bad light. Just like in a car, a tractor’s engine relies on a number of rubber hoses and usually at least one belt. Look all of the rubber components over for signs of wear or damage. Excessively worn rubber components should all be replaced.  Look for glazing on the sides and bottom of any belts that may indicate that it’s been slipping. Any rubber that has cracked should be replaced. Depending on the environment you use your tractor in, you may need to change your air filter more or less frequently. Locate the air filter using the tractor’s user manual, then visually inspect it. If it’s really dirty, it should be replaced.  There’s no real rule of thumb with air filters; they should just be replaced as they appear dirty. You should check your air filter after 8 hours of use or so. You need specialized tools to check your tractor’s hydraulic system. If you have the correct coupler fitting and a pressure gauge, you can connect it to any of the black ports on the hydraulic system while it’s running, and compare that figure to the correct specifications outlined in the manual. If you don’t have the correct tools, it’s recommended that you have your hydraulic system serviced by a professional after every 500 hours of use.