INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Whip grafting can only be used to join rootstock and scions that are the same diameter, ideally between 1/4 and 1/2 inch in diameter.  The graft must be made after the threat of cold but before the bark of the stock begins slipping (peels off easily). The scion must be dormant (not sprouting) at this time, and should be a twig about a foot long containing three to five buds. Remove the terminal end of the scion. At the base of the scion, make a sloping cut to remove that end. Make a sloping cut across the chosen branch that mirrors the one you made on the scion. They should fit together precisely. Make matching slices down into both the rootstock and the scion in such a way that they can hook into each other. Place the scion slightly offset from the rootstock and slide it down so that the tongues overlap. Make sure that the layer of green wood beneath the bark of both parties aligns or the graft will not take. Wrap a stretchy rubber material around the graft site to hold the scion in place. Grafting tape works well. If using a different material, be sure to remove it in about a month. Once the graft is planted, keep an eye out for new growth below the graft, as you may need to remove it. At first, you can leave some leaves on the rootstock so that nutrients keep flowing up the tree until the graft is successful. However, if you see an actual young branch/shoot forming on the trunk of the rootstock, remove it; this will help encourage the scion to grow. Once the scion really starts to grow and a few new leaves appear above the graft (5 or so healthy leaves), remove any further growths from the rootstock, below the graft. This removal will help the plant thrive with growth on the scion, rather than the rootstock, and has to be done as long as the tree is alive. Otherwise, the rootstock will try to make its own branches; you'll need to remove them whenever they grow.

SUMMARY: Choose your cultivar and your rootstock. Prepare the scion. Prepare the rootstock. Cut tongues. Introduce the scion. Secure the scion. Look after the graft.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: After you've set up the context within which you're making your argument, tell your readers the point of your essay. Use your thesis statement to directly communicate the unique point you will attempt to make through your essay.  For example, a thesis for an essay on blackface performance might be "Because of its humiliating and demoralizing effect on African American slaves, blackface was used less as a comedy routine and more as a way of enforcing racial segregation." Be assertive and confident in your writing. Avoid including fluff such as "In this essay, I will attempt to show...." Instead, dive right in and make your claim, bold and proud. Your outline should be specific, unique, and provable. Through your essay, you'll make points that will show that your thesis statement is true – or at least persuade your readers that it's most likely true. Round out your introduction by providing your readers with a basic roadmap of what you will say in your essay to support your thesis statement. In most cases, this doesn't need to be more than a sentence.  If you've created an outline for your essay, this sentence is essentially the main subjects of each paragraph of the body of your essay. For example, if you're writing an essay about the unification of Italy, you might list 3 obstacles to unification. In the body of your essay, you would discuss details about how each of those obstacles was addressed or overcome. Instead of just listing all of your supporting points, sum them up by stating "how" or "why" your thesis is true. For example, instead of saying, "Phones should be banned from classrooms because they distract students, promote cheating, and make too much noise," you might say "Phones should be banned from classrooms because they act as an obstacle to learning." In many cases, you'll find that you can move straight from your introduction to the first paragraph of the body. Some introductions, however, may require a short transitional sentence at the end to flow naturally into the rest of your essay.  To figure out if you need a transition sentence, read the introduction and the first paragraph out loud. If you find yourself pausing or stumbling between the paragraphs, work in a transition to make the move smoother. You can also have friends or family members read your easy. If they feel it's choppy or jumps from the introduction into the essay, see what you can do to smooth it out.

SUMMARY: Make your point. Describe how you're going to prove your point. Transition smoothly into the body of your essay.


INPUT ARTICLE: Article: This is fun and playful; however, if she seems to not like it or tells you to stop, make sure to do so. If she is interested in you, she may laugh excessively, blush, or tickle you back. Keep in mind that some people just don't like tickling, and this might not be an accurate reflection of her opinion of you. If you feel like you are at this point, try holding her hand while you are walking or alone together. If she continues to hold it, there is a good chance that she is interested in a relationship with you.

SUMMARY:
Tickle her lightly. Hold her hand.