Summarize the following:
Beneath the sink, you'll find a vertical metal bar with a series of holes in it (the extension bar) connected to an angled (but nearly horizontal) rod that enters the sink's drainpipe (the pivot rod). To disconnect them, pinch the V-shaped spring clamp that holds them together. Keep the clamp and all other pieces you disconnect for future reference. The pivot nut is threaded onto a short stub on the drainpipe, and is the entry point for the pivot rod into the drain. Turn the nut counterclockwise by hand — or use a wrench if necessary — to unthread it. Pull it straight off along with the inserted pivot rod. You should now see the pivot ball nestled inside the nut, along with the stub of the pivot rod that connects to the stopper inside the pipe. The vertical extension bar is connected by a clevis (a “U” shaped joint) with the lift rod that extends to the topside of the sink. Undo the screw to unfasten the lift rod, then pull the lift rod out from above the sink. Because the extension bar and lift rod are adjustable — that's what the clevis, the holes in the extension bar, and the spring clamp are for — you may be able to keep them in place and reuse them with other new or repaired components of the sink stopper. A sink stopper replacement kit will come with a new extension bar and lift rod, however, should you want or need to replace them as well. The stopper is no longer connected to anything and should be sitting freely in the drain opening. Use your fingernails or a thin tool if necessary to get a grip on it and pull it out of the drain. If you use a screwdriver or other tool and plan to reuse the drain itself, however, be careful not to scratch up the finish. Take the pieces you've disconnected — the drain plug, lift handle, extension bar, pivot rod, etc. — with you to the home improvement store. If you have details on the brand and model, all the better. If you can find replacement parts that match up just right — ideally from the same brand and model — you can install them and fix the sink stopper without disconnecting the drain itself. If you can't, or you'd rather replace the whole mechanism, continue with disconnecting the drain.  If you're only replacing the stopper mechanism components, move ahead to the relevant installation steps later in this article. Otherwise, continue to the section on removing the drain. Seek out a sales associate at the hardware store if you need assistance finding matching parts.

summary: Undo the clamp that connects the pivot rod and extension bar. Unscrew the pivot nut and pull it out with the pivot rod. Undo the screw that connects the extension bar and lift rod. Lift out the drain stopper. Find precise matches if you want to replace only the removed components.


Summarize the following:
Drink non-caffeinated beverages such as water, herbal tea, juice, or decaf coffee. Try to drink 6 to 8 8-ounce (240 ml) glasses of water a day. Drinking plenty of fluids will keep the vocal folds in your voice box hydrated so they move easily. Avoid alcohol if you'll be speaking or singing soon because alcohol irritates the mucus lining of the throat. You'll damage your vocal folds over time if you consistently scream or use your voice loudly. The folds can become swollen and red which will make your voice raspy or hoarse. Whispering also damages the vocal cords because they're tightly squeezed. It's hard to give your voice a rest if you're constantly performing, but your voice will become strained and overworked if you don't. It's also important to rest your voice if you start to become sick. To rest your voice, try to talk or sing as little as possible for a few days. Plan on taking "vocal naps" according to your schedule. For example, avoid speaking or singing during your lunch break or on your commute home. Since coughing can harm your vocal folds and cold medication such as decongestants may dry them out, sip water instead. You can also try clearing your voice by gargling salt water for about 30 seconds. Sucking on a cough drop or lozenge is safe for your vocal cords and will stop a cough. If you've rested your raspy voice but it hasn't gotten better after 2 to 3 weeks, schedule an exam with your doctor. If you don't have any other illness and you don't smoke, there may be a problem with some part of your vocal box. The doctor might refer you to an ear, nose and throat doctor for a diagnosis.
summary: Stay hydrated throughout the day. Avoid vocal extremes such as whispering and screaming. Give your voice a rest. Sip water or gargle salt water to clear your throat. Contact your doctor if you have a hoarse voice that doesn't improve.