Summarize the following:
Shoe store salespeople will talk to you about ankle pronation, impact pattern, and plantar shape — i.e. the imprint of the bottom of your foot — but recent studies indicate that to prevent injury, you are best off simply picking a shoe that you find comfortable. It turns out that people are very good at intuitively picking shoes that will work best for their style of movement.  One exception to the “pick shoes by comfort" rule is if you have flat feet. In this case, you will probably need special shoe inserts and arch supports.  Save high heels for special occasions. Wearing them too frequently can lead to chronic knee pain. Particularly if you run or walk a lot, it is important to replace your shoes before the soles get too compressed. If you begin to experience sore arches, shin pain, or achy knees, then it's time to replace your shoes. It's better, however, to replace them before pain appears.  Keep a log of how far you walk or run each day. Replace your shoes when you have covered between 400 and 600 miles. The specific distance will depend on your weight and running style. Heavier runners and runners with longer strides will need to replace their shoes sooner.  If the bottom of your shoes becomes worn down and smooth, replace them. Braces provide added support to the knee ligaments. Particularly if you are playing a collision sport (football, lacrosse, hockey, rugby), knee braces have been shown to reduce the risk of knee injury. Players of contact sports (basketball, soccer) and sports that requires rapid changes of direction (tennis) may also benefit, as many people engaged in activities that pose a significant risk of knee injury, such as skiing. Talk to your regular doctor, a sports medicine doctor, or an orthopedist about the right brace for you.   Prophylactic — For athletes in contact sports. These braces, designed to protect ligaments, attach above and below the knee, with one or two hinged metal bars connecting the sides of the brace.   Functional — For athletes in contact sports. These braces protect knee ligaments in a fashion similar to prophylactic braces, with a metal “shell” that is hinged on both sides of the knee.   Patellofemoral (sleeve) — For people suffering from knee pain or athletes looking for some knee stabilization. A brace made of elastic material – usually neoprene – that is designed to hold the patella in the proper position and thus reduce chronic knee pain. These braces offer some knee stabilization, but will do little to prevent ligament damage.

summary: Get shoes that are comfortable and have plenty of cushioning. Replace your shoes regularly. Wear knee braces to reduce the risk of injury during sports or while performing dangerous activities.


Summarize the following:
For young seedlings, shavings are best. Use a long-grain grater to shave the soap into small shavings. Hold the grater at a 45-degree angle to a flat surface and drag the soap across it. Afterward, sprinkle the pieces evenly in a circle about 2 to 3 feet (0.61 to 0.91 m) from the soil that harbors your seedlings. Press the soap firmly but carefully down the grater and take care not to cut your hands. Cut each bar of soap into pieces about 1⁄2 to 1 inch (1.3 to 2.5 cm) around. Insert a skewer into the tip and place each one just above budding plants. Replace the skewers about once a month or anytime they are destroyed by rain. These skewers are also great for dehydrating bugs and aphids in the nearby soil. Don't use more than 1 soap skewer per plant. Use a paring knife to cut your bars of soap in half. Afterward, wrap them in cheesecloth or burlap and use a stapler to fasten them to stakes in your garden. Be sure to space each piece of soap evenly across your perimeter.  If you're using 33 bars of a soap for a 100 metre (330 ft) long perimeter, space each bar out by about 3 metres (9.8 ft).  Hang each bar of soap at least 7.8 inches (20 cm) from the central stems of the plants. Don't hang your soap bars directly on shrubs, as they will attract rodents when they drip down the stem. For a high volume of trees and plants, use a spray bottle or backpack sprayer. Apply the soap in a circle around each plant and tree from a distance of 3 feet (0.91 m). For medium-sized gardens, use a spray bottle to apply the soap. If your garden is on the larger side, pour your liquid soap into a backpack sprayer for application. Conduct reapplication every 63 days to mimic repellent spray programs. Note that liquid soap can sometimes increase damage from other animal species. Always keep an eye out for damage and switch to bars if this appears to be the case.
summary: Shave bar soap and sprinkle it around seedlings that have yet to appear. Create soap cubes and skewer them near budding smaller plants. Cut your soap bars in half and hang them in your garden to protect larger trees and plants. Spray liquid soap around your plants and trees if you have a big garden.