Summarize the following:
A large smile is the most obvious way to characterize happiness. Different from a grin, a smile will expose only the upper teeth. The lower lids of the eyes should form crescent shapes. There’s a large spectrum of happiness. Ranging from contentment to bliss, this wide variety of emotion can all be detected by similar facial expressions. Pay close attention to the eyebrows. They will be slanting upward. A sad person will also be frowning. You can generally assume sadness for any person that you notice frowning.  Look for loose eyelids that droop over the eyes slightly.  The opposite of happiness, sadness is a dangerous and potent emotion. In addition to the facial changes, you may notice a drop in energy in a sad person. Individuals experiencing sadness may also become more reserved and withdrawn. An often exciting emotion, surprise can be characterized by wide open eyes and an open gaping mouth. In more mild cases of surprise, there might be a slight smirk to the mouth.  The eyebrows will be pulled up very high. A person may frown when experiencing surprise, but this frown might edge the emotion toward shock instead. A slightly more extreme emotion, shock can have a certain element of fear or disgust attached to it. Any sudden blast of wonder of astonishment might lead someone to feel surprised. Look to the eyebrows and eyes first. The eyebrows will be slanted upward, and the eyes will be wide open. The mouth might also be stretched open widely.  Fear is our natural response to danger. If you see someone experiencing fear, look for a source of this response. This emotion is often related to the behaviors of escape and avoidance. Remember that fear is different than anxiety. Fear always comes from an external threat, while anxiety is generated from within. The wrinkled nose is one of the primary attributes of the expression of disgust. The eyebrows will also lower, and the mouth will hang open.  Think of the mouth as silently mouthing a “blegh” sound, as if the person has just seen something revolting. The lips will hang loose, and the upper lip will pull up. While disgust might come as a response to eating or smelling something disgusting, the emotion can also be vividly imagined. Both experiences will provoke the same facial expression. When looking for anger, notice the eyebrows. They will be lowered and slanted inward, creasing together into a wrinkle. The eyelids will be tight and straight, as the brow will be lowered.  The mouth may be tight, or it may be open wide into a large scream. Their head might be lowered a bit, and the jaw may be thrust forward. Used primarily to express disapproval, contempt will be marked by a raised chin. This makes it easier for a person to stare down their nose at whoever has insulted them.  The lip corner will tighten up and raise on one side of the face. This is often referred to as a sneer. There may be a slight smile attached to contempt, as if the person is enjoying their disapproval of your actions.

summary: Perceive happiness. Identify sadness. Recognize surprise. See fear. Notice disgust. Detect anger. Find contempt.


Summarize the following:
For most countries, you will find that you can reach the record keeping office online to get a copy of a marriage certificate. Run a simple Internet search for the name of the country and “marriage certificate” or “marriage certificate copy.”  For some countries, like the United States and Canada, for example, there may be individual offices for each state or province. You will need to know the state or province where the original certificate was issued in order to get a copy.  For states in the U.S., you can usually begin by searching for the individual secretary of state's office. The secretary of state may be able to help you directly, or you may need to get redirected to the town or city clerk. For Great Britain, you can begin at the site www.gov.uk. From there, you will find links to get information from England, Wales, Scotland or Ireland.  In the United States, there are some websites that contain general nationwide search information. You might try searching at Vitalchek.com. From that home page, select "Marriage Record," and then you will be directed to a page to choose the state you want. Some non-governmental sites require a fee to conduct the search. Be prepared with your credit card if you choose to use these sites. Once you locate the state, province or national office that controls official records, you will need to read the information about applying for a duplicate marriage certificate. You will need to check for the following requirements:  who may request a marriage certificate (in some places, only the two parties on the certificate may request a copy) whether you can request online, by mail, or even over the telephone whether a fee is required whether you need to submit a particular application form or if a simple letter will suffice what form(s) of identification you must provide to make your request any other relevant details. If you have any questions beyond what you can learn from the website, or if you need any further clarification, call the office directly. While you may have to wait on hold (government offices can get busy), you are likely to get someone who can answer your specific questions.

summary: Search online for the best contact office. Read the official website for instructions. Telephone the office for further instructions.


Summarize the following:
Using heat on tense muscles can relax the contracting muscle, but it will also help relieve the pain. There are different kinds of options for heat therapy that include heating pads and rubs to hot water bottles, all of which may help alleviate your discomfort.  Fill a hot water bottle or get a heating pad and place it on your back. Over the counter heat rubs or patches may also minimize tension and help relax muscle that are spasming. You can purchase these products at most pharmacies. Draw yourself a warm bath when you have back pain. Warm water will soothe cramping and tense muscles. It may also relieve general tension and relax you.  Make sure that the water is between 36 and 40 degrees Celcius so that your skin doesn’t burn. Check the temperatures with a thermometer.   A whirlpool tub can help relieve tension because the jets will massage your back muscles.  Epsom salts can have a sedative effect on you and help relieve muscle pain further.  If you don’t have a bath, consider using the shower or a steam room. Studies have not linked dehydration and tension, though there is some evidence that not staying hydrated may contribute to cramping. Drinking enough throughout the day may help you avoid back spasms and tension.  Water is enough to keep you hydrated. If you prefer something with a little flavor, try sports drinks or juices. Just make sure to drink them with water throughout the day.  There is some evidence that tea, especially red raspberry leaf tea, can help relieve cramps. Some medical studies have linked low levels of potassium, calcium and magnesium to muscle cramps. Getting enough of these nutrients in your diet may help prevent back cramping and back.  Fruits such as bananas and oranges are good sources of potassium.  You can get magnesium from brown rice, almonds, and avocados.  Dairy products such as yogurt and cheese, and dark green vegetables such as spinach are good sources of calcium. Reduce the amount of caffeine you consume and stay away alcohol and tobacco if you can. All three can constrict blood vessels and limiting your intake during your period can alleviate cramping and back pain.  Reduce your intake of coffee and caffeinated tea as much as possible.  You should also reduce your consumption of foods that contain caffeine, such as chocolate.  If you can, don’t drink alcoholic beverages during your period. They can constrict blood vessels, dehydrate you, and generally make you feel worse. Avoid tobacco if you can. If not, try chewing nicotine gum or use an electronic cigarette to minimize how much tobacco you ingest. Sleeping in some positions and having a tightly made bed can increase the frequency of muscle cramps and exacerbate back pain. Loosen your blankets and sheets and sleep on your side to minimize back pain and any cramping you have.  Consider sleeping without a flat sheet, which can constrict your movement.  The best position to help minimize the risk of developing cramps or back pain is on your side with your knees slightly bent.
summary: Use heat therapy on muscle cramping and pain. Take a warm bath. Make sure you’re hydrated. Eat sufficient nutrients. Avoid caffeine, alcohol, and tobacco. Create a comfortable sleeping environment.