A valid offer has three elements: communication, commitment, and definite terms.  This means that you must communicate the offer in written, oral, or otherwise understandable form.  Your offer must include a commitment to be bound to the terms of the agreement, and the terms must be clear and precise.  For example, you may say to your neighbor, “I’d like to sell you my 2010 pontoon boat for $5,000. I am willing to finance it for you if you pay me $1000 per month for 5 months.”  The offer is made orally, there is a commitment (to give the boat to your neighbor in exchange for money), and definite terms (an exact boat and dollar amount are named.) An offer has to be considered fair by both parties to be considered valid. This may also be referred to as a "good faith" offer. Fairness is a tricky concept in contracts, but in general, it presumes that both parties will not manipulate the other or try to bend or break the terms through shifty tactics or twisting wording. Consideration in a contract is the agreement by all parties about what they are going to do or refrain from doing. Consideration should be fair and equitable.  For example, if your neighbor agrees to buy your boat, her consideration is giving you money. Your consideration is surrendering the boat in exchange for that money. The consideration is fair, in this case, if the value of the boat is close to the price that is being asked. A fair offer will not provide conditions that are unlikely or impossible to meet. For example, you wouldn't want to stipulate that your neighbor must pay you $1000 per month, in $1 bills, for 5 months. While this is technically legal if your neighbor agrees to it, it places an unusual burden on her and may not hold up if the contract is challenged later. An offer alone is meaningless unless it has been accepted by the offeree. The offeree may accept an offer as-is, or she may change the terms of the offer. For most contracts, changing the terms of an offer negates the initial offer and creates a new counter-offer. For example, your neighbor may agree that she wants to buy the boat, but she might want you to finance it by accepting $500 per month for 10 months instead. This does not constitute an acceptance of your offer, but a new counter-offer, which you can now choose to accept or decline. If you plan on having a verbal or oral contract -- which most lawyers don't recommend -- taking notes at the time of making the agreement will help you if the contract is later challenged. Taking notes can also help you when you draw up the written contract. You won't have to rely on your memory of the terms because they will all be written down.
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One-sentence summary -- Make a valid offer. Think about consideration. Negotiate offer acceptance. Take notes.


Some health professionals believe that certain nutritional supplements may help get rid of eye floaters. Nutritional supplements have not been clinically shown to reduce floaters, but some people may find them to be helpful. Discuss these treatments with your ophthalmologist before starting any of them:  Try antioxidant-rich substances such as turmeric and rose hips. There is some evidence that these antioxidants are effective in treating macular degeneration, but not in directly reducing floaters. Rose hips are commonly available as an herbal tea, and turmeric as a spice. Consider hyaluronic acid. Hyaluronic acid has been shown to be effective in helping eyes heal after cataract surgery. Some use hyaluronic acid to treat floaters, although no established medical connection has yet been formed. The idea is that increased blood flow will help your eyes better flush out the gelatinous protein from the vitreous. No proven connection, however, has been formed by the following supplements and floater reduction, so discuss these treatments with your ophthalmologist before starting them:  Try Ginkgo biloba. Ginkgo biloba has been proven effective in increasing ocular blood flow and is used by patients suffering from glaucoma.  Try lysine. Lysine is a vasodilator, which means that it widens blood vessels, particular in large veins. Lysine has proven effective in widening blood vessels in some areas, but not necessarily in the eyes.  Try bilberry. Bilberry is used both for improving eyesight and for widening blood vessels. More tests are needed to investigate the efficacy of bilberry in treating floaters. Another potential irritant for eye floaters is stress, so practicing stress management techniques may reduce the visibility of them. Meditation, prayer or spending time in nature are some options people find helpful to lower stress levels. Daily exercise like yoga, Pilates or Tai Chi can also reduce stress and help you develop a more relaxing lifestyle.
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One-sentence summary -- Try dietary supplements to reduce floaters. Take supplements that increase blood flow. Find ways to reduce stress.


It is possible that your dog is chewing because it is not getting enough calories.  If your dog is engaged in unwanted chewing, talk to your vet.  Your vet will be able to determine whether your dog’s weight and size are appropriate relative to its breed and age.  Irregularities in your dog’s size and weighty could indicate a caloric deficit. Some unwanted chewing is caused by separation anxiety.  If you spend a large amount of time out of the house each day you can talk to a friend or family member about visiting or playing with your dog while you are away, take steps to reinforce good behaviors, talk to a vet about anxiety medication, or try a combination of these and other strategies. If your dog is less than six months old, its unwanted chewing is likely related to its teething process, which can cause mild pain and irritation.  Feeding your dog ice cubes in a bowl could help.  Alternately, you could wet a washcloth, freeze it, then give it to your dog. It is natural and healthy for dogs to chew.  You can help your dog engage in desirable chewing by giving your dog chew toys.  There are a wide variety of chew toys.  Some have squeakers or other noisemakers, and some have flavors like bacon or cheese.  Visit your local pet store and obtain a variety of chew toys for your pooch.  Pay attention to the types of chew toys your dog prefers.  Provide more of the sorts of chew toys that occupy your dog’s attention longest. Keep in mind that you should avoid giving aggressive chewers squeaky toys whose squeakers could be chewed out and swallowed, a potentially deadly situation. In addition to chew toys, you could also offer your dog some edibles to chew on.  For instance, many dogs enjoy consuming rawhide, pig ears, and pig skin rolls.  Obtain some of these doggie snacks at your local pet store and offer them to your dog. Don’t leave clothing, books, papers, or other objects lying about.  Doing so only opens the door to the possibility that your dog will engage in unwanted chewing.  Keep closet and cupboard doors closed and valuable things out of reach Keep garbage cans covered and inaccessible. Chewing deterrents refers to a wide class of sprays and applicable scents that discourage dogs from chewing.  If your dog tends to chew a certain chair or pillow repeatedly, you can use chewing deterrents to ward your dog off.  When you obtain a new chewing deterrent, place a few drops of it on a piece of wool.  Place the wool bit gently in your dog’s mouth. Your dog will spit the wool out and retch, shake its head, or cough.  This experience will help your dog remember not to chew anything that has the scent of the deterrent next time it encounters it. Reapply the deterrent daily for two to four weeks. Consult manufacturer directions for more information about how to apply your chewing deterrent. If your dog is confined, it cannot engage in unwanted chewing.  You could keep your dog in a closed room or in a crate.  However, do not use the crate as a substitute for careful monitoring.  If you are home, your dog should generally not be crated unless it has engaged in an unwanted behavior.  Ensure that your dog does not spend excessive time in its crate.  Excessive confinement can lead to stress and actually increase the frequency of unwanted chewing. An appropriately-sized crate will be large enough for your dog to stand up and turn around.
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One-sentence summary --
Feed your dog more. Spend more time with your dog. Help your dog through the teething process. Provide acceptable chewing opportunities. Keep items you don’t want your dog chewing on out of your dog’s reach. Utilize chewing deterrents. Confine your dog.