You want to begin training with some control over your puppy's movements. With it on leash you will be able to keep the puppy focused on training and you won't have to continually chase it down. You will not be pulling the puppy by the leash. The leash is simply there to keep the puppy focused on what you are doing. To get the puppy to come towards you, use a friendly and excited voice. Call it by name and use the word "come." You can also motion with your hands so that that motion is also connected to recall.  It's important to use friendly voice that the puppy will respond positively to. If you are too loud or boisterous, the puppy may get frightened and resist coming to you. Once the puppy comes to you, show it that you are so happy it came. Give it a long pet and tell it that it did a good job. Say "good job" and praise it repeatedly. Establishing the connection in your puppy's mind between physical and verbal praise and the action of coming to you is the key to getting your dog to come when called. After your puppy has begun to come when called on a consistent basis, you can move to training off leash. Continue to put the puppy in a quiet area with few distractions but let it off leash. Get its attention by squeaking a toy and calling its name and then tell it to "come." The change from on leash to off leash can be a big adjustment for a puppy. Be prepared that the puppy may not respond to your commands right away under these new conditions. Not all of your training has to be in strict sessions. As the puppy is starting to get the hang of the command, incorporate the command into everyday situations.  For example, whenever the puppy happens to move towards you, slap your thighs and say "come." Then reward the puppy when it comes running. At meal times, say "come" as the puppy runs over to its food. This will help the puppy link the word “come” with both running towards you and good things. Try making the command into a game. Run away from the puppy while slapping your thighs and saying "come."
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One-sentence summary -- Begin training with the puppy on a leash. Call the puppy by name until it comes towards you. Give physical and verbal praise. Progress to training off leash. Make most of training opportunities when they arise.


Farms often attract starlings, but the birds can eat your livestock feed and spread disease to your animals. Using feed and feeding methods that do not attract starlings can help keep the birds off of your farm.  Provide either granular feed or large pellets (at least 0.5 inch in size) that are more difficult for starlings to eat. Do not put animal feed directly on the ground. Use bird-proof feeders.  Many of these will make “clanging” noises periodically or have covers that birds cannot penetrate. Feed animals in a covered area, such as a barn. Feed animals in the evening or after dark. If you use bird feeders to attract songbirds to your yard, you may be annoyed by starlings eating all of your bird feed and scaring off other birds.  Place wide netting or a cage around feeders.  Smaller songbirds will be able to penetrate the holes, but starlings will not. Cut perches very short so that only smaller birds can perch on your feeders. Try a feeder that requires birds to feed upside down: starlings do not like to eat upside down. Do not put birdseed directly on the ground. Standing water should be drained or limited to depths containers in which the water level is at least six inches below the edge of the container and the depth of the water is at least three inches. Different types of spray that are safe for humans are available.  This is a particularly good option if you have a crop that starlings like to eat, like grapes or berries.  Try spraying methyl anthranilate, a grape flavoring, on food sources. Garlic oil may also deter starlings.  Applying it to bird seed “bait” or spraying it on or around potential food sources may encourage them to relocate.
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One-sentence summary -- Deter starlings from eating livestock feed. Adapt bird feeding techniques to smaller birds. Limit standing water levels. Spray food sources with anti-bird spray.


Smear the olive oil over dry patches of skin, including your face, the backs of your arms, your elbows, and your knees. Work the oil into your skin using circular motions. Try some of these add-ins to help soothe your skin:  1 cup of uncooked oatmeal, for dry or irritated skin  2 cups of Epsom salts, for inflammation  4 to 5 Tbsp baking soda, for use as an exfoliator The ice will draw blood to the area to improve circulation and deliver moisture. Just make sure that your skin doesn't get cold or numb. You can either purchase bottled aloe vera gel or cut the leaf off of an aloe vera plant and rub the gel on your skin. Exfoliate your skin in the shower. Then, cut a grapefruit in half. Sink your elbows into each half and soak the area for 15 minutes. The acids will help to smooth your skin. You can use oatmeal scrub on your face, neck, or body to remove dead skin cells.  Grind rolled oats in your food processor or coffee grinder until you have enough ground oats to fill 1/2 cup. Add 1/3 cup ground sunflower seeds, 1/2 teaspoon peppermint leaves and 4 tablespoons of almond meal. Mix everything thoroughly. Combine 2 teaspoons of the oatmeal mixture with a small amount of heavy cream until the mixture has the consistency of a facial scrub. Scrub your face, neck and chest with the oatmeal scrub and rinse thoroughly. Grapeseed oil counteracts aging by helping your skin cells to repair themselves. In a small spray bottle, mix a few drops of bergamot, rose or sandalwood oil with some water. Close your eyes and spray the mixture onto your face whenever your skin feels dry. You may already have the ingredients that you need in your kitchen. Try any of the following ideas:  Whisk 1 tablespoon of plain yogurt with a few drops of sesame oil. Apply the mixture to your face, throat and upper chest and leave it on for 15 minutes. Mash a banana and mix in a little bit of honey. Apply the mixture to your skin for 15 minutes. Combine 2 tablespoons mashed avocado, 1/4 cup whipping cream, 1/2 teaspoon of olive oil and 1 teaspoon of calendula petals. Leave the mixture on your face for 15 minutes before rinsing it off. Peel a mango and mash the flesh. Apply the pulp to your face and leave it on for a few minutes to clean and tighten your pores. Then, rinse it off. Bring water to a simmer in a saucepan. Drop an apple into the water and simmer it until it turns soft. Take the apple out, mash it and add 1 teaspoon of lemon juice and 1 teaspoon of peppermint leaves. Smear the mixture on your face and rinse it off after 5 minutes. Scramble an egg. Don't use your spatula to break the egg into pieces; leave it in 1 large piece. Place the egg on your face and keep it there until the egg starts to harden. If you have oily skin, use an egg white instead of the whole egg.
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One-sentence summary --
Use olive oil. Take a nourishing bath. Wrap ice in a towel and apply it to dry, itchy skin patches. Use aloe vera on extra-dry skin. Use grapefruit on rough elbows. Make your own oatmeal scrub. Add 1 teaspoon of grapeseed oil to your bottle of toner. Spritz your skin with water and essential oils. Make your own face mask.