Q: Plants are susceptible to viruses, bacteria, and fungi just like humans are. You can prevent the spread of disease by working with sterilized gardening tools, especially when you're carrying out a delicate procedure like a graft. Not only will this help ensure the graft takes, but also that the plant survives.  The easiest way to sterilize your budding knife is with ethanol or isopropyl alcohol. Get a clean rag or cloth damp with the alcohol. Wipe the blade thoroughly, making sure you get the tip, sides, and base of the knife. Be careful not to cut yourself in the process. Set the blade aside to air dry for a few minutes. With clean pruning shears, prune your rootstock plant to remove dead foliage, blooms, and stems. Select a healthy stem with many well-developed leaves for the actual graft site. Use the budding knife to remove all the buds and prickles from the middle section of the stem.  Removing the prickles isn't strictly necessary, but it will prevent you from cutting yourself during the graft. Removing the buds is important because you want the buds from the scion to grow, not the ones from the rootstock. When pruning or taking cuttings, cut on a 45-degree angle to reduce damage and increase circulation. With the bud knife, cut an inch-long T shape into the bark of the rootstock. Make sure you do not penetrate the cambium layer, which is a wet, pale green color. Use the tip of the knife to gently open the flaps you created in the bark. The best place for the T cut is near the middle of the stem, between two nodes. Nodes are where leaves and buds grow out from the stem. Cut off the stem you want to use for the scion. Cut off the top and bottom from the stem, leaving a 2-inch (5-cm) section in the middle. Make sure that section of stem has at least one bud eye, where a new leaf could grow from the stem.  Use the budding knife to cut off any prickles, buds, and leaves from the piece. Trim the stem an inch (2.5 cm) below the lowest bud eye. Place the knife on the stem above the bud eye. Insert the blade deep enough into the stem to penetrate the bark and the cambium layer. This is the layer just behind the bark that carries nutrients. Cut out the bud eye, making sure you take the bark and cambium layer as well. Make sure the bud eye is facing upward, as this means the stem is facing the right direction. As you insert the scion into the rootstock, the bark flaps will open around the scion. Push the scion all the way in to the bottom of the T, leaving the bud eye exposed at the top of the flaps. The cambium layers of the scion and root stock will now be in contact, and this is what will allow the graft to take. Close the bark flaps over the scion. Wrap a few layers of grafting tape around the graft. Wrap the area above and below the bud eye, but leave the bud eye itself exposed. Don’t be afraid to pull the tape gently to stretch it out, as this will ensure the cambium layers stay in contact.
A: Sterilize your knife. Prune the rootstock. Cut a T into the rootstock. Cut and trim a stem. Cut the scion from the stem. Insert the scion in to the rootstock immediately. Secure the graft with grafting tape.

Article: Hold it by the un-dyed part so that the water runs towards the dyed part. This will prevent the dye from getting onto the un-dyed part of the fabric. Again, keep the un-dyed portion on top to avoid staining it. Keep rinsing the fabric until the water runs clear. Use a cold water setting and a gentle detergent. You can also hand wash the fabric instead, if you prefer. You can hang the fabric up to dry, or you can toss it into the dryer. Once the fabric is dry, you can use it for your project. Remember to wash the fabric in cold water whenever you launder it, or the dye may fade.
Question: What is a summary of what this article is about?
Rinse the fabric with cool water. Rinse the fabric with warm water to set the dye. Wash the fabric in the washing machine. Allow the fabric to dry.

Q: Especially if he is alone all day, a dog needs exercise just like people do. Take your dog on a walk around the block or play a fun, interactive game with him.   Hide and seek will stimulate your pet’s mind and body. If you have a high-energy breed, your dog could benefit from an agility class, which may be offered through your local shelter. A puppy is especially precocious, so active games like tug-of-war and fetch will burn some energy and help to socialize him.   For an older dog with stiff joints, water activities are a safe, low impact source of exercise. If you have a small dog, consider finding a dog park that has specified areas where your pet can socialize with pup's his own size and temperament so you don't have to be skeptical of his safety. An animal is happiest when he can exercise, and to do so, he must eat healthful food. What you feed your pooch depends on his age, energy level and potential allergies.  Organic, grain free kibble is always best if you are going to go the commercial route. However, some veterinarians also swear by feeding dogs “people food”. Dog-approved people foods include:  Raw, unsalted peanut butter Baby carrots Pumpkin Green beans Sliced apples Oatmeal The vet will provide an overall health screening, as well as any vaccinations your dog might need. It's best for puppies and older dogs to visit every six months, while once a year is adequate for adult dogs under the age of ten.  This visit can also help you determine methods for keeping your dog’s ears and teeth clean, along with any other hygiene concerns. This includes making sure he has an ID tag on him, a fenced yard that will keep him safe from potential predators, and plenty of shade and water if he’s outside during warm weather.  Make sure your dog is securely fastened or confined during car trips and never let his head hang out of the window where he could be hit by airborne objects or thrown from the vehicle.   Unless your dog is extremely well trained, leashing him when outside the yard is important, especially if you’re in a high traffic area. Kids should always be supervised around a dog; young children should also never be allowed to hold a small dog as they can accidentally drop or injure him. This will bring down his stress levels and soothe any joint pain he may be experiencing.  A slow rub down that reaches the muscle, fat and bones can work wonders to calm a nervous dog. Daily massages can prolong the length and quality of your canine’s life. Rubbing your dog’s joints can prepare him for physical activity and help him to unwind directly after.  Great Danes and Mastiffs are especially prone to arthritis, so aside from a daily massage, nutritional supplements can be considered to keep these breeds healthy and pain free.
A:
Keep your pup active. Feed your dog a nourishing, balanced diet. Schedule regular veterinary appointments for your pet. Ensure your dog’s safety at all times. Give your pup regular massages.