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If your cat is in generally good health but is getting older, discuss changing to a food formulated especially for elderly cats with your vet. However, if your cat is getting too thin or overweight, the veterinarian may suggest gradual adjustments to your cat's diet. If your cat's weight has fluctuated, it could indicate disease or an improper diet. Have your cat looked at by a veterinarian to figure out the cause. As cats get older, their teeth can become weaker, and they can develop dental or gum disease. When your older cat crunches down on its hard kibble, it might experience pain, and it could even crack or lose a tooth. To avoid causing your senior cat pain, transition it onto wet food.  Discuss your cat’s dental health and any necessary food changes with your veterinarian. They should be able to point you towards a diet that will fulfill your cat's dietary needs and that will be easy on your cat's teeth. Wet food can also add water to your cat's system. This is good for older cats, as they can become dehydrated easily. Older cats need more water than younger cats and can become dehydrated easily. Be sure to change the water daily and clean out the bowl every time you change the water. If your cat spends time outside in the summer, put water outside for your cat. Use a narrow, deep bowl and put it in the shade. If you want to, you can also put some ice in it to keep it cool. Older cats may or may not groom themselves, so be sure to groom them daily. Watch out for matted fur and only brush or comb gently, as an older cat's skin tends to be more delicate. With some help from you, your cat's coat can continue to be healthy well into old age. It is especially important to groom the areas of an older cat's body that it can no longer reach. With limited mobility, an older cat may not be able to clean the rear end of its body like it used to.

summary: Adjust your cat's diet. Feed your cat soft food. Leave a water bowl out at all times. Groom your cat gently.


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When you’re behind the screen, it’s easy to forget that you’re talking to a real person who has feelings. Be nice to the people you meet online. Don’t engage in name calling or say things you know might be hurtful.  You don’t know what someone may be going through. What you say might have harmful consequences for someone. If you wouldn’t want someone to say something to you, don’t say it to someone else. When you’re in a chat, type like you would in an email. Capitalize the first word of a sentence and proper pronouns. However, never capitalize all of a post because people will read it like you’re shouting, which is considered rude. For example, “I came here to make friends,” sounds like a nice invitation for people to talk to you. On the other hand, “I CAME HERE TO MAKE FRIENDS,” will make people think you’re angry with them and feel disappointed in the chat. Posting multiple comments, questions, or links all at one time is considered “spamming” a chat. This type of behavior is considered rude, so don't post multiple times before you get a response. Wait for a reply after you post before you say something else. If you post too much at once, it’s unlikely that people will read everything you wrote, so your ideas might get lost. When you're having a one-on-one chat, don't message them when you know they'll be sleeping or if you know it's a bad time for them. For instance, you might not message them during their workday if they're not allowed to use their phone. Only message them when you know they're open to chatting.  Talk to the person you're chatting with to find out their personal preferences. You might say, "Let me know if you have any chat preferences, like when we can exchange messages. I don't want to accidentally message you at a bad time." You don't need to worry about this when you're using a chat room. Just talk to the other people who are in the chat room when you're online. Although you’ll likely have lots of nice conversations, some people may send you inappropriate messages. They might think it’s funny to be mean or cruel to people they don’t know. Similarly, they may use online chats to initiate sex talk. Don’t respond to what they say or try to defend yourself. Instead, automatically block them and move on to a new conversation. Don’t take these comments personally. You aren’t doing anything that makes you deserving of receiving an unwanted or inappropriate message. The person making the comments is the problem.

summary: Treat people with kindness and respect. Use normal capitalization because using all caps is considered shouting. Send 1-2 posts at a time rather than spamming the chat. Send your messages at an appropriate time of day when applicable. Block people who say hurtful or sexually suggestive things to you.


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You should never go to class on an empty stomach. Hunger pangs can easily distract you from the curriculum. Always have something to eat before a class. In a morning class especially, make sure to get up in time for breakfast. If you don't have time for a big meal, grab something small. A piece of toast or a bowl of yogurt can really help you focus during class. Prior to class, make a list of reasons you sometimes have trouble concentrating. This can include things like checking your phone, a noisy classroom, and a tendency to daydream. Then, write down ways you can combat these problems.  For example, you can write down something like, "I can't resist the temptation to check my phone when I hear it buzz in my pocket." Think of a way to eliminate this distraction. For example, "I should turn my phone off before class." Unless a laptop is required for class, leave yours behind. You'll be able to focus more when you take notes by hand as you're less likely to be distracted by a lingering internet browser.  Install a program on your computer to block out your favorite social media sites during the specific times you’re in class or open a new window so you aren’t distracted. It's okay to bring your phone, as you may need it for directions immediately after class. However, be sure to power it down before class begins. Exercise can help you focus. If you have time, get a workout in before class in the morning. If you don't have time for a full workout, some light exercise can help. Go for a short walk before class or do some light cardio in your apartment. If you typically drive to class, try walking or biking instead. This will allow you to get in a brief workout on your way to class.
summary: Eat something before class. Think of common distractions and how to avoid them. Leave distracting technology behind. Do some light exercise.