Problem: Article: If your family doctor thinks you have a restrictive lung disease, they will refer you to a respiratory (lung) specialist, also known as a pulmonologist, for further testing. The pulmonologist may conduct a helium dilution test. This inert gas dilution method uses helium to directly identify your residual lung volume. To start the test, you'll exhale normally and then be connected to a closed system containing known volumes of helium and oxygen. Once connected, you breathe in the helium and the amount exhaled is measured. The difference between the two volumes of helium is a pretty accurate estimate of your residual lung volume.  Helium is an inert, colorless, odorless, tasteless gas and is non-toxic to your lungs, so there are no health concerns related to this exam. This technique may underestimate residual lung volume because it measures only the lung volume that communicates with the airways. This can be problematic for patients with severe airflow limitation. You will also need a referral to a pulmonologist to have this test done, which measures the air remaining in your conducting airways. To start the test, you'll exhale normally and then be connected to a spirometer that contains 100% oxygen. You'll then breath in deeply and exhale as strongly as you can, and the spirometer will measure the amount of exhaled nitrogen compared to the entire volume of exhaled air. The halfway point of the percentage of exhaled nitrogen allows the doctor to figure out the amount of gas you expelled, which is equal to the residual lung volume.  Recall that the air we normally breathe in is about 21% oxygen and 78% nitrogen. This test forces you to breathe 100% oxygen and then measures the amount of nitrogen exhaled, a predetermined percentage of which represents residual lung volume. Like the helium dilution technique, nitrogen washout can also underestimate residual lung volume in patients with severely restricted airflow. This very accurate method for measuring residual lung volume uses a plethysmograph, which is an enclosed instrument (a small chamber you sit in) used for recording an organ’s volume change. Once inside an airtight plethysmograph — it sort of looks like a small phone booth — you'll be asked to normally exhale, then inhale against a closed mouthpiece. As your chest wall expands, the pressure within the plethysmograph rises, which is calculated. Then you'll exhale as hard as you can out through the mouthpiece. The difference in pressures represent your residual lung volume.  Body plethysmography uses Boyle's gas law (pressure and volume of a gas have an inverse relationship when temperature is constant) to determine residual lung volume and other lung volumes. Body plethysmography is considered more accurate than gas dilution methods for calculating lung volumes, particularly if the lung is obstructed.
Summary: Get a referral to a medical specialist who can conduct a helium dilution test. Consider the nitrogen washout technique. Have a body plethysmography done for best accuracy.

INPUT ARTICLE: Article: Uromastyx lizards require significant temperature gradients. They also need room for active grazing and digging. For these reasons, the uromastyx needs a larger cage than other lizards of a similar size. Here are some guidelines:  Less than 10 inch lizard (25.5 cm) = 36 x 12 inch (91 x 30.5 cm) cage. 10-15 inch lizard (25.5-38 cm) = 48 x 18 inch (122 x 48 cm) cage. Greater than 15 inch (38 cm) lizard = 56 x 24 inch (142 x 61 cm) cage. Cages can be made of wood, melamine, glass, plastic, or metal. The important thing is for the cage to be able to handle high temperatures and intense lighting. Glass and metal cages lose heat more easily, so they may cost more to heat in the long run. Uromastyx lizards need a pretty wide range of temperatures for relaxing and basking. This can be accomplished by creating a “hot end” and a “cold end” in your cage. Use hot incandescent basking lights (for the hot end) and cooler fluorescent lights (for the cold end). You'll also need to provide a UVB light so your lizard gets UV rays.  You will want to aim for a brightly lit cage with a gradual temperature gradient ranging from 80-100 degrees F (26.5-38 C). You’ll also want basking zones of 120 degrees F (49 degrees C) or more. Do not guess about temperatures. Use an accurate thermometer at both the cool and warm ends of the cage. Change out the UVB light every 6 months. The term “substrate” refers to the materials that line the bottom of your lizard’s cage. One common substrate for uromastyx lizards is natural sand. Place 1-2 inches (2.5-5 cm) of sand on the bottom of the cage. Look for “washed play sand,” and avoid any sand intended for sandblasting or industrial use.  You can also try using a small seed or grain, such as millet. Some substrates, including sand, wood shavings, paper mulch, and walnut shells, can cause gut impaction if swallowed. Before you decide on a substrate, do research and weigh the pros and cons of each kind. Place your lizard’s food on a dish to avoid ingestion of substrate. Most of the floor of your lizard’s cage should be occupied by places to hide, bask, and climb. Add rocks, branches, and other structures to your lizard’s cage. These can be purchased at a pet store or collected outside.  If you use rocks from outside, sterilize them in boiling water before adding them to the cage. If you use outside branches, heat them in the oven at 250 degrees F (121 degrees C) for 30 minutes to sterilize them. Even store-bought structures should be rinsed in clean water before being added to the cage.

SUMMARY: Select a cage. Provide light and heat. Add a substrate. Provide structures.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Use a Furby dictionary to say words to your Furby, watch movies with your Furby Boom to increase its English vocabulary, dance with it, play games with it, etc. Shake,hug,tickle, play with it.
Summary:
Interact with your Furby. Have play time.