The density of a substance is equal to its mass divided by its volume. You can measure the mass on a scale and record the volume of the liquid used. Use the equation "m / v = D" where m is mass in grams or kilograms, v is volume in milliliters or liters, and D is density.  For example, if you had a sample that was 8 grams and 9 milliliters, your equation would be: "8.00 g / 9.00 mL = 0.89 g/mL." Weigh an empty container first and record its weight. Next, fill your container with the desired liquid and weigh it again. The mass of your liquid is equal to the second measurement minus the first. For instance, if the filled container weighed 2.00 lbs and the empty container weighed 0.75 lbs, the equation would be: “2.00 - 0.75 = 1.25” and the liquid would weigh 1.25 lbs. Between -10 degrees Celsius and +30 degrees Celsius, the density of water can be rounded to 1.00 (assuming 3 significant figures). If you are using liquids that do not fall in that temperature range, you can measure the mass and the volume of your water and calculate the density. Alternatively, you can often find charts with the density of water at different temperatures. It’s important to find the density of water that is the same temperature as the liquid in order to get accurate measurements. Substances expand when they are heated and contract when they are cooled. Since density is a measure of how much mass is in a given volume, the measurement is changed by the expansion and contraction due to temperature. If you want to get accurate specific gravity calculations, it is necessary that the liquid you are measuring and the water that you are using as a comparison are both at the same temperature. The units will cancel out in this equation, leaving you with a unitless quantity. That number is the specific gravity (or relative density) of your liquid. The ratio used will be "Dl / Dwater” where Dl is the density of your liquid and Dwater is the density of your water. For example, if you were to take the density of acetone (0.787 g/mL @ 25 degrees C) and divide it by the density of water (1.00 g/mL @ 25 degrees C), you would get 0.787g/mL/1.00g/mL=0.787{\displaystyle 0.787g/mL/1.00g/mL=0.787}.

Summary: Obtain the density for the liquid in question. Obtain the density of an identical volume of water. Keep your liquids the same temperature. Calculate the ratio of the liquid’s density to the density of water.


One of the best things you can do if you are prone to fainting is to learn to recognize the signs. Keep a notebook or log of your own symptoms if you are prone to fainting. If you can tell in advance that you are about to faint, you can take the proper safety precautions and potentially avoid a serious injury. Signs that you may be about to faint include:  Nausea, dizziness or lightheadedness Seeing white or black spots or experiencing blurry or tunnel vision Feeling very hot or sweaty Having an upset stomach Raise your legs to encourage blood flow to the brain.  If it's not possible to lie on the ground, sit down and put your head between your knees. Rest for about 10-15 minutes. Take deep breaths in through your nose and out through your mouth. This can also have a calming effect. Calling for help is a good idea because it alerts other people to your situation. Another person can then catch you if you fall, place you in the recovery position, and call a doctor if necessary. If you have recognized that you are about to faint, it's important that you remove yourself from any potential dangers and take some steps to minimize the severity of the faint. For example, try to position your body such that you fall out of the path of sharp objects. In some cases, it is possible to prevent a potential fainting spell by taking the proper precautions and avoiding possible triggers. Some preventative steps include:   Staying hydrated and eating regularly: It is essential to stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water and other fluids, especially on hot days. Eating regular, healthy meals can help ameliorate feelings of dizziness and weakness associated with hunger.  Avoiding stressful situations: For some people, fainting is brought on by stressful, upsetting or anxiety-producing situations. Thus, it is important to stay calm by avoiding these kinds of situations as much as possible.  Avoiding drugs, alcohol and cigarettes: These items are full of toxins that are generally unhealthy and can induce fainting in some people.  Avoiding changing position quickly: Fainting is sometimes caused by sudden movement, such as standing up too quickly after sitting or lying down. Try to stand up slowly, and hold onto something stable for balance, if possible. If you find yourself fainting on a semi-regular or regular basis, it's important to consult your doctor. The fainting may be a symptom of a more serious underlying issue, such as heart problems or orthostatic hypotension.  You should also contact the doctor if you hit your head while fainting, are pregnant, suffer from diabetes, a heart condition or another underlying issue, or if you experience accompanying symptoms like chest pain, confusion or shortness of breath.  Your doctor will evaluate your medical history to figure out why you have fainted. Further tests such as an electrocardiogram (EKG) and blood work may be performed also.

Summary: Learn to recognize the signs of an oncoming fainting spell. Find somewhere to lie down if you feel about to faint. Breathe deeply. Call for help. Try to stay safe if you do faint. Take some preventative steps to avoid fainting in the future. Consult a doctor if the problem continues.


A drinking glass is placed in the center of the table, filled with the alcohol of choice.   There should be at least four players around the table.  Two players on opposite sides of the table are chosen to start at the same time, and each is given a quarter and a cup.  Make sure that each of the players is separated by an equal amount of space between one another. Each player must attempt to successfully bounce his or her quarter into a cup as quickly as possible.  If a player misses, the player must quickly try again. As soon as a player gets their quarter into the cup, they pass the quarter and the cup to the player on their right.  If a player shoots the quarter into the cup on the first try, then he may pass it to any player at the table. The goal of the game is to try and get one of your opponents to have both cups and quarters at the same time.  If a player ever has both quarters at the same time, then that player is the loser.  The player who passes the second cup to the opponent with the other cup is said to have "screwed" the loser.  However, it is not good enough to simply pass the cup to the opponent with the other cup.  You must stack the cup inside your opponent's cup. This action serves to prevent the loser from attempting another shot, since oftentimes the loser is unaware that their opponent has "screwed" them. At this point, the loser is allowed one final shot into the stacked cups.  If the loser misses, he or she must drink the penalty beverage, which is often a shot or a large portion (perhaps all) of an alcoholic drink.  If the loser makes the final shot, then the tables have been turned on the other players.  Some rules insist that all other players take penalty drinks, others require only the player who "screwed" the loser to drink. Sometimes the player who "screwed" the loser is given a single shot just like the loser had, and the two take turns shooting until someone misses. Another option for the penalty beverage is that the player who "screwed" the loser is allowed to spin a quarter, and the loser has to drink a beer or a mixed drink for as long as the quarter remains standing.  In the case where the loser makes the final shot, she must then spin a quarter and everyone else drinks for as long as the loser allows it to spin. The game ends when everyone decides to mutually quit playing, or everyone is too intoxicated to continue playing.  However, you can make up your own rules as to how to end the game.  Some versions of the game make it so that a player is eliminated after losing five times.  You continue until the last person is standing.
Summary: Set up the game. Begin to play speed quarters. Determine the loser of each round. Give the loser a second chance. End the game.