Write an article based on this "Know how the red light camera works. Compose a "request for production" or a "discovery request. Serve the request. Save all your paperwork. Examine the details being presented against you. Prepare explanations for each piece of evidence or note listed on the "request for production. Bolster your claim by finding as much evidence as you can. Justify your claims and argument."
article: Red light cameras take two pictures – one of the driver and one of the car's license plate.  If someone else is driving, and this is clear in the photograph, you can ask to have your case dismissed. You can also ask to have your case dismissed if the photograph of the driver is blurred or unclear, to the point that the driver's identity remains in question. Check the license plate. If it doesn't match the car you own, raise this as evidence for dismissal of the ticket. "  This written request requires the prosecutor to provide you with a list of the evidence that is going to be used against you in court.  If this request is not met within a set number of days--which is determined by your local state laws--it may be grounds to have your ticket dismissed.  Consult your traffic court clerk for more details regarding the number of days your state allows the prosecutor to respond. Evidence can include photographs, lists of witnesses, etc. If you have already visited the court clerk, you will have all of the information needed to properly serve the prosecutor.  When a prosecutor is served, he or she is legally acknowledging that they have indeed received your request.  This establishes a legal date of receipt. If the prosecutor does not provide you with this; or does so beyond the legally allotted amount of time determined by your state, you can ask to have your case dismissed. This includes copies of your written request, copies of the paperwork you filed to serve the prosecutor, and anything that you have received in return.  All of this is evidence. You will need this in case you request to have your case dismissed for any reason. Again, if the prosecutor has failed to present you with a "request for production;" or if it was not provided in the legally-allotted time, you can ask the judge to dismiss your case. "  Specifically, review the photograph.  Is it clearly you in the photograph?  If not, it can be grounds for dismissal. If you were not the individual driving the car, then the photographs should support that claim and you can have your case dismissed. Visit the scene and take detailed notes. Time the traffic light as it transitions from yellow-to-red.  If the timing is minimal, you might be able to stage an argument in court that there is not enough time to safely bring your vehicle to a stop at the particular intersection. A copy of the photograph should be included with your "request for production." You should have a clear line of defense and be able to explain exactly why it is your case should be dismissed.  Is the timing of the light too short?  Is it not you in the photograph? Are you hoping to have your case thrown out due to some other 'loop-hole'?  Know exactly what you are going to argue before you enter the courtroom. Have a clear reason for your case to be dismissed.

Write an article based on this "Consider how a bond works, and why bonds are issued. Review how an investor can profit from owning a bond. Go over present value."
article:
A bond is a debt instrument. Entities issue bonds to raise money for a specific purpose. Governments issue bonds to raise capital for public projects, like a road or a bridge. Corporations issue bonds to raise money to expand their businesses.  All of the features of a bond are stated in the bond indenture. Bonds are usually issued in multiples of a $1,000. Assume, for example, that IBM issues a $1,000,000 6% bond due in 10 years. The bond pays interest semi-annually. $1,000,000 is the face amount or principal amount of the bond. That is the amount that must be repaid by the issuer at maturity. IBM (the issuer) must repay the $1,000,000 to the investors at the end of 10 years. The bond matures in 10 years. The bond pays interest of ($1,000,000 multiplied by 6%), or $60,000 per year. Since the bond pays interest semiannually, the issuer must make two payments of $30,000 each. Using the same example, keep in mind that dozens of investors may buy a portion of the $1,000,000 bond issue. Each investor will be paid interest twice per year. An investor will also receive their original investment (principal or face amount) when the bond reaches the maturity date.  Many retired people buy bonds because of the predictable stream of income from the interest payments. All bonds are rated, based on their ability to pay interest and repay principal on a timely basis. A bond with a higher rating is considered a safer investment due to the collateral securing the bond and/or the financial strength of the issuer. All things being equal, lower rated bonds generally pay a higher rate of interest since they have greater risk of default. Assume that IBM and Acme Corporation both issue a bond due in 10 years. IBM has a high credit rating and offers a 6% interest rate. If Acme has a lower rating, the company will have to offer a rate higher than 6% to attract investors. To compute the value of a bond at any point in time, you add the present value of the interest payments plus the present value of the principal you receive at maturity.  Present value adjusts the value of a future payment into today’s dollars. Say, for example, that you expect to receive $100 in 5 years. To find out what the $100 payment is worth today, you would compute the present value of $100. The dollar amount is discounted by a rate of return over the period. This rate of return is often called the discount rate. An investor can select the discount rate using several different approaches. The discount rate may be your estimate of the rate of inflation over the remaining life of the bond. Your discount rate may also be a minimum expected rate of return. The minimum expectation is based on the bond’s credit rating, and the interest rate paid by bonds of similar quality. Assume that you decide on a 4% discount rate for the $100 payment due in 5 years. The discount rate is used to discount (reduce) the value of your future payments into today’s dollars. In this case, you’re calculating the present value of a single sum of money. You can find present value tables on the Internet, or simply use an online present value calculator. If you use a table, you will locate the present value factor for a 4% discount rate for 5 years. That factor is .822. The present value of $100 is ($100 X .822 = $82.20). The present value of your bond is (present value of all interest payments) + (present value of principal repayment at maturity).