Summarize the following:
To highlight, click on the first cell and drag down to the last cell you want to alphabetize. You can highlight an entire column by clicking on the lettered column heading. Click the "AZ sort" icon to sort in ascending alphabetical order. Click the "ZA sort" icon to sort in descending order. Your highlighted cells will now be sorted. If you cannot locate the "AZ sort" icon you can add the standard toolbar by opening the "View" menu on menu bar then select "Toolbars" and check "Standard." The standard toolbar will now be visible and will include the "AZ sort" icon.

summary: Type the text you wish to alphabetize into the cells of one column. Highlight the text you want to alphabetize. Find the "AZ sort" or "ZA sort" icon found on the standard tool bar, under the Data tab. Finished.


Summarize the following:
Sometimes it can be hard to tell if your hamster is simply hibernating or if it has actually died. Hamsters in a hibernating state appear still and lifeless; their breathing and heart rate slow down. They even might go weeks without eating. And with such tiny bodies, it can often be difficult to notice the subtle signs of life in a hibernating hamster. During true hibernation, hamsters will move very little. But sometimes they can enter a “sleep” phase of minor hibernation in which they often tremble or nod their head from side to side. Noticing these kinds of movements is a good indication that your hamster is just hibernating. During hibernation, your hamster’s breathing will be slower than usual, but not altogether absent. Hold your hamster in your hand and listen closely for breathing sounds. You can also put your finger near their mouth to see if you can detect any exhale breaths. A hibernating hamster will maintain a warm body temperature though it might be slightly cooler than usual. A hamster that is truly dead will lose its body heat completely, so a warm hamster is probably a hibernating hamster.

summary: Know the signs. Watch for movement. Check for signs of breathing. Feel for body warmth.


Summarize the following:
A rambunctious dog full of pent-up energy is much more likely to disobey or have self-control issues. Aim to give your dog a thirty-minute walk each day at a brisk pace for active breeds. You simply cannot always be around to tell your dog “no,” so set her up for success by removing the items she’s not supposed to get into. Put plants and fragile items on high shelves, keep shoes behind a door, and keep clothing off the floor. This is also a great precaution to take even when you are home while she’s still learning the command and doesn’t yet always obey. Once your dog understands and obeys “no,” then she’ll know to resist the temptation of the forbidden object, but only for a short time. Rather than telling your dog “no” over and over, she to distract her with something else, such as her favorite toy or a walk.  For instance, say your dog consistently keeps trying to get up on the couch. Rather than saying “no” over and over all afternoon, say it once. Then say, “Where’s your toy?” Proceed to go get her favorite toy and toss it or play tug-o-war with it for a moment. Her attention will shift away from the sofa. Distraction is another great step to take while your dog is still learning the no command. Make sure to interrupt your dog before she actually displays the undesired behavior—when she sniffs at the couch or paces in front of it, for example. Otherwise, she might begin to associate you playing with the toy with her as praise for the behavior. While your dog is still learning or if she’s having trouble with consistency, then you can also use prevention measures. If it is furniture that is a problem (for instance), look for dog repellent sprays such as orange oil or bitter apple and spray around the vicinity of the furniture or objects that the dog seeks out.  Make sure to check an inconspicuous spot on the object first to make sure the repellent spray doesn’t damage the item. There are also electrical mats or chargers that you can place on or around items. If your dog comes in the vicinity (shock collar type) or touches the object (direct contact type), the mat or charger will give the dog a slight shock to deter him from coming in contact with the article. While “no” is a good preventative command to teach your dog, it might not always apply, especially if your dog proceeds to follow through with the behavior anyway. For these instances, it helps also to teach your dog other associated commands that you can use to help her understand the behavior you expect from her.  For instance, if you tell her “no” before she runs across the yard, but she runs off anyway, then it’s beneficial for your dog to respond to a command like “come.” You can begin teaching this command by saying it before making your dog chase you and then offering positive reinforcement. You can find more information on teaching your dog this command at How to Train a Dog to Come  Similarly, teaching your dog “down” if she jumps up on people after being told “no” can also help. To do so, completely ignore her as she jumps up on you except for issuing the command “down,” and then give her plenty of treats and praise as soon as all four of her paws are back down on the floor. This is more effective than pushing her off, which she can mistake for play.
summary: Give your dog plenty of exercise. Remove the offending item or source of behavior. Distract your dog. Use prevention techniques. Teach your dog associated commands.