Q: To help thin the oil paint on your brushes, you’ll need a paint solvent. Odorless mineral spirits work well, so fill a small glass or ceramic bowl with a small amount of the liquid and place it in the sink where you plan to clean the brushes. You can also use turpentine to remove oil-based paint from brushes. However, it has an extremely strong odor so it’s important to ensure that you’re working in a well-ventilated area. When you’re ready to clean the brush, submerge it in the bowl of mineral spirits to ensure that all of the dirty bristles are coated. Next, rub the brush back and forth against your hand to work the mineral spirits into the bristles. Make sure that you rub both sides of the brush over your hand to ensure that you work the minerals spirits into all of the oil-based paint stains. After you’ve worked the minerals spirits into the brush, squeeze a small amount of dishwashing liquid soap onto the bristles. Use your fingers to vigorously rub it into the brush.  Any dishwashing liquid soap that is marketed as being able to cut through grease will work for cleaning your brushes. The precise amount of dishwashing soap that you’ll need will depend on how large the brush is and how dirty they are. Aim for a 1- to 2-inch (25- to 50-mm) dollop of the liquid. Once you’ve worked the dishwashing liquid into the brush, use your fingers to carefully squeeze all of the excess liquid from the bristles. Try to remove as much of the paint, mineral spirits, and dishwashing soap residue from the brush as possible as you wring it out. After you’ve removed as much of the liquid from the brush as you can, turn the water on in the sink and let it run for 30 seconds or so until it’s hot. Run the brush under the water to rinse it clean, and squeeze it again to ensure that you remove all of the lingering residue. If the brush is extremely dirty or the paint stains are old, you may need to repeat all of these steps two or more times to remove all of the paint. When you’ve removed all of the paint that you can from the brush, submerge it in the mineral spirits again. Next, squirt a pea-size amount of dishwashing liquid on it and work both into the spirits and soap into the bristles with your fingers. After you’ve worked the cleansers into the brush this time, do not rinse them out. With the minerals spirits and dishwashing liquid still on the brush, set it down on a folded piece of paper towel. Squeeze the paper towel around the bristles to remove the any remaining liquid. Leave the brush out to air dry completely. Leaving the film of minerals spirits and dishwashing liquid on the brush to dry will help keep the bristles soft so it’s like new when you use it the next time.
A: Add mineral spirits to a small non-plastic bowl. Dip the brush in the mineral spirits and run back forth on your hand. Pour some dishwashing soap on the brush and rub it in. Squeeze out the liquid from the brush. Rinse the brush under hot water. Dip the brush into the mineral spirits and add dishwashing soap again. Place the brush on folded paper towel and squeeze out the excess liquid.

Q: Whip the cream in a series of short pulses to work in plenty of air. Once the cream's thickened enough not to splash over the sides, pulse until it reaches the desired consistency. This typically takes 30 seconds, does not require chilling the equipment, and creates whipped cream that should last at least a couple hours. Do not blend for too long or on too high a speed, or the cream will become butter. If you catch signs of separation and coarseness early, you can sometimes fix it by whisking in a little more cream by hand. The colder the cream, the less likely it is to separate. Store the heavy cream in the coldest part of your fridge, typically at the back of the lowest shelf. When whisking by hand or an electric mixer, chill the bowl and the beaters in the freezer for at least 15 minutes beforehand.  Metal bowls stay cold longer than glass bowls, and not all glass bowls are freezer-safe. If the weather is hot, place the bowl of cream in an ice bath. Whisk in an air-conditioned room. in a sieve over a bowl. Whipped cream leaks water over time, which is a major reason for runny collapses. Store it in a fine-mesh sieve so the water drains down into a container below, instead of breaking apart your whipped cream. Line the sieve with cheesecloth or a paper towel if the holes are too large to stop the whipped cream.
A: Consider a food processor or stick blender. Chill all ingredients and tools before whipping. Store whipped cream

Q: Write each vocabulary word in a sentence that gives contextual clues to the word’s meaning. Contextual clues are words and phrases around an unknown word that point to the word’s meaning.  For example, if the vocabulary word is “succinct,” you might write, “Julia gave a succinct presentation and the meeting was over in no time.” Remember that contextual clues can be misleading. For example, the sentence “As he rushed out the door, Chris felt reluctant to meet his friend,” could imply that “reluctant” means Chris was rushing to see his friend because he was excited or rushing because he was nervous and apprehensive. Using the contextual clues you’ve provided, let your students brainstorm each word’s meaning. Letting your students brainstorm will get their mental juices flowing and they’ll be more primed to remember the meaning of the words later on. Once they’ve had a chance to think about the word on their own, you should tell them what it really means. You can read them the dictionary definition, but it’s more important to present the word in a way that your students will connect with. Use your students’ experience of the world to explain the word. For example, if the word is “hodgepodge,” pull out a plastic crate of different colored markers and “this is a hodgepodge of markers. A hodgepodge is a confusing mix of different things all thrown together.” Students learn words more quickly if they can connect them to images. Come up with different ways to represent a word using imagery.  For example, if the word is “interstellar,” talk to them about the vast space between the stars and explain, “’interstellar’ is the word for that space.” If the word is something more abstract, like “repercussions,” show them pictures of children who were sent to their rooms without supper or pictures of people in jail.
A:
Give your students contextual clues. Let your students guess the words’ meaning. Explain the word. Use imagery to make the word come alive.