Summarize the following:
A salutation is what you write at the very beginning of the letter to let the reader know the letter is meant for them. If you are writing your letter to someone you don’t know this part will need to be formal. On the other hand, if you’re writing to someone you know well, you don’t have to be so formal. Remember not to be too casual though as it is important to be polite.  When writing to someone you don’t know, you should say: “Dear Mr./Ms. [the last name of the person your are writing to].” In a less formal letter, you could say, “Dear [the first name of the person].” Regardless of whom you're writing to, always begin with “Dear.” A valediction (also known as a closing) is the part of the letter where you wish them well in some way, and include your name. Some common closings that you could use include, “Best regards,” “Kind regards,” “Respectfully yours,” or simply “Sincerely.”  If you're handwriting the letter, print your name carefully a few lines below the valediction, then sign your name in between these spaces. If you're typing the letter, enter a few spaces between the valediction and your name, then print the letter out. Sign it by hand before sending it out. At the bottom of your letter, underneath your name, include your phone number, email address, and any other way that they can get in contact with you. You should definitely include an email address or phone number, if you have one. If you are hoping for a response via mail, make sure to write your name and address neatly on the outside of the envelope. If you're hoping for a written response through the mail, include a self-addressed, stamped envelope with your letter. This way, the advice giver will only have to write  their response and place it in the envelope provided before sending it back to you.

summary: Include a salutation. Include a valediction. Include contact information.


Summarize the following:
If someone tries to speak French to you and you can't remember any of the phrases above, you may need to communicate your inability to undersand non-verbally. Shrugging your shoulders is a near universal gesture for indicating a lack of knowledge or understanding. Shrugging your shoulders can also have a connotation of apology, indicating regret for your inability to understand. In addition to shrugging, you can make a confused face to show a lack of understanding. Asymmetrical facial expressions are often understood as a sign of confusion. For example, raising one eyebrow while lowering the other is often interpreted as a sign of confusion. Turn your palms up while raising your hands from your sides also indicates uncertainty or confusion. Just don't get too enthusiastic with your gestures. You don't want to appear aggressive or be rude.

summary: Shrug your shoulders. Use your face. Gesture with your hands.


Summarize the following:
Birth control pills work by either keeping eggs from leaving the ovaries or making cervical mucus thicker which keeps sperm from travelling to the eggs. There are several different brands your health care provider can recommend one that is best for your health and sexual activity.  Discuss side effects and risks associated with any birth control you are prescribed. For example, women over 35 who smoke are more susceptible to blood clots when they take birth control pills. Birth control pills require you to diligently take the medication at the same time, every day. A missed dose could potentially increase the likelihood of pregnancies if sex is engaged in the period it is missed. The birth control shot, or Depo-Provera, is an injection of synthetic hormones that protects you from pregnancy. You will need to get a shot every 12 weeks.  Depo-Provera releases a hormone called progestin which prevents the body from releasing eggs into the uterus and thickening the cervix mucus wall to prevent sperm from travelling. Always discuss health risks and side effects whenever you decide to take birth control. Dubbed as the Morning-After Pill, emergency contraceptives work by preventing eggs from being released from the ovary for longer than usual. This ensures that any rogue sperm dies off or is expelled from your body. These are most effective when used within 3 days of unprotected sex. Emergency contraception cannot be used as a regular way to prevent pregnancy.  Purchase emergency contraception in pill form over the counter at a pharmacy. Over-the-counter emergency contraception comes in 1 pill dose of Levonorgestrel (called Plan B One-Step, Next Choice One Dose, After Pill, Take Action, and My Way). Take the pill as directed. A 2-pill dose of emergency contraception requires a prescription.  Another type of emergency contraception is a copper intrauterine device (IUD). It’s a T-shaped device that is inserted in the uterus by a healthcare provider. This form of emergency contraception can be used up to 5 days (120 hours) after unprotected sex.
summary: Talk to your doctor about a prescription for birth control pills. Ask for a birth control shot. Use an emergency contraceptive if your primary method of birth control does not work.