Particularly in appellate court decisions, the judge will go to great lengths to rationalize and provide support for his or her ruling. Including the rationale behind the decision allows other courts to understand why a certain ruling was made and why it should reach the same conclusion in similar cases. Look for keywords such as “reason”, “rationale”, “analysis,” and “conclusion” in identifying the reasons for the court decision. For instance, a case that deals with the sale of goods is likely to involve the “Uniform Commercial Code.” A constitutional law case is likely to concern an amendment to the U.S. Constitution. As many laws are quite detailed, you also should take note of which section or provision of the law is discussed in this case. Judges interpret the law in order to apply it to the facts that are in front of them. By making this interpretation clear in their decisions, judges make it easier for other courts facing similar cases to following their reasoning. Try to discover how the facts impact the judge’s interpretation of the law in the case. For instance, up until the recent U.S. Supreme Court decision, many courts in states nationwide have considered whether there is a fundamental right for gay couples to marry under the U.S. Constitution. Some courts interpreted the Constitution to create a fundamental right to gay marriage. Other courts reached the opposite conclusion by applying the same law to the same facts. This example shows how difficult it can be to apply the law to the facts and how courts can reach completely opposite conclusions.
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One-sentence summary -- Determine the reasons behind the court’s ruling. Identify all of the laws on which the opinion relies. Determine how the law applies to the facts of the case.


Making things interesting and funny greatly increases the amount of vocabulary you retain. Get in the habit of coming up with memory aids, or mnemonic devices, for new vocabulary. Have fun--the sillier, the better! For instance:   You can develop some devices based on sound. If you're learning the word “mesa” (“table” in Spanish), say to yourself “Yolanda made a huge MESS all over the MESA.” You can create other devices based on meaning. For instance, if you're learning the word дом (dom or “home” in Russian), recognize that shares a root with the Latin word “domus” (“home”) and related English words. Think of a silly phrase like “Donald has a dozen DOMESTICATED dogs in his DOM.” Even if you can't get super creative with all of the words and phrases you learn, it still helps to simply create a visual picture of what you are learning. This can be as simple as imagining the thing you are studying. If you're learning “el pan” (“bread” in Spanish), picture a loaf sitting in a pan. If you're learning “ir” (“to go”), picture a fast car going down the street. While it sounds like a complicated term, diglot weaving is actually a simple and fun way to learn new words. Simply replace a word in a sentence in your native language with the corresponding word in the foreign language. Since you can lean on your native language while learning foreign words, it's great for beginners. Examples of diglot weaving include:  ”My friends and I split a pizza at the lunch Tisch” (when learning the German word “Tisch,” or “table”). ”Romeo told Juliet he'd lover her siempre” (when learning the Spanish word “siempre, or “always”).
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One-sentence summary -- Get creative with some mnemonic devices. Visualize the meaning of words. Try diglot weaving.


Pull the drawstring down and away from the blind with your hand so the blades go up and lock into place. Once the blades are all the way up, let go of the drawstring. Standard brackets have a piece that clips into place over the front-facing side of the blind. Starting with one of the brackets, wedge the tip of the screwdriver between the clipped piece and the blind. Then, pull the screwdriver away from the blind to release the clipped piece and open up the bracket. Repeat on the other bracket. Grab a hold of the blind with both of your hands and gently pull it toward you. Now that the brackets are lifted up, the blind should easily slide out and away from the window. Once the blind is off, set it aside. Press the reverse switch on your drill so the drill bit will spin counterclockwise. Then, position the drill bit in one of the screws attaching the brackets to the window and press and hold the on switch. Once you’ve unscrewed the screw and bracket, place them in a small plastic bag so you don’t lose them. Repeat with the screw on the other bracket. Hold the brackets with your free hand as you're drilling so they don't fall once the screws are out.
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One-sentence summary -- Use the drawstring to lift the blind blades all the way up. Use a screwdriver to lift up the bracket on each side of the blind. Slide the blind out of the open brackets. Unscrew the brackets from the window using a drill with a Phillips drill bit.


If it's a commercial venture, you should aim to raise 25% of your funding within 24 hours. If you succeed at that, Indiegogo or Kickstarter might feature you on their homepages. If it's for an individual or a cause, mycause.com.au recommends reaching out to your first two layers of "the onion" (friends, family, coworkers, teammates) in the first 14 days and then going to the general public through the press after that. email, social media (Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, Pinterest), blogs, media, opinion pieces, personalised letters. Remind your network to spread the message as well. Platforms such as mycause.com.au have integrated Facebook, Twitter and Gmail into their platform to make sending communications easy and effective. For systems that aren't fully integrated, you can try other tactics:   In Gmail click on Contacts → More → Export (All Contacts, CSV). Then you can import those contacts into your preferred email service provider (e.g., MailChimp). Copy and paste the URL to your page, and give it a "New" status on Facebook. Tag supporters who will share the status. Focus on key influences on social media. After your general status post, reach out directly to key influences, posting specifically on their social media pages. Create a personal pitch. Hold an intimate event, make personal phone calls, and send individual emails to influential people who might respond to your pitch.     {"smallUrl":"https:\/\/www.wikihow.com\/images\/thumb\/1\/12\/Crowdfund-Step-19.jpg\/v4-460px-Crowdfund-Step-19.jpg","bigUrl":"\/images\/thumb\/1\/12\/Crowdfund-Step-19.jpg\/aid3445451-v4-728px-Crowdfund-Step-19.jpg","smallWidth":460,"smallHeight":345,"bigWidth":"728","bigHeight":"546","licensing":"<div class=\"mw-parser-output\"><p>License: <a rel=\"nofollow\" class=\"external text\" href=\"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-sa\/3.0\/\">Creative Commons<\/a><br>\n<\/p><p><br \/>\n<\/p><\/div>"} Plan on sending updates to your backers and networks throughout the campaign, and also after it has ceased. Don't bombard people with messages, however. They might be tempted to mark them as spam.
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One-sentence summary --
Know your goal. Try all forms of communication: Allow time.