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You should make a two-dimensional drawing of your car before you move on to making a three-dimensional rendering, just to get a rough sense of what you want your car to look like. If you’ve already made physical sketches of your car, you can skip this step. A program like Windows Paint is perfectly adequate for making a 2D digital drawing of a car, so don’t feel like you have to spend money on a fancier program at this stage. In a 3D modeling design program, plug in the different proposed measurements of your car’s dimensions to create a visual model of your car. Then, use the program’s more minute design features to shape the car’s details to your design.  These measurements include dimensions like height, width, and proposed weight. Use the program’s modeling tools, such as slide tools, insets, grids, meshes, and more, to make changes to the body of your 3D car in order to make it look like the 2D drawings that you’ve made. There are lots of different computer programs out there that designers frequently use to create 3D models of their car designs. Some of the most popular design programs used by automotive designers include Alias, 3Ds Max, and Blender. This will give you a physical model of your design that you can use to examine your design “in person” or show it off to someone in the automotive design industry. If you don’t own a 3D printer, you may be able to access one at your local library or university. Use a knife and a block of Styrofoam to create the general shape of your car on a small scale. Then, use your hands to apply plasticine clay to the Styrofoam block. Finally, smooth out the clay and draw the specific design features of your car using plaster carving tools.  Make sure you completely cover the styrofoam block with plasticine clay. The clay will be infinitely easier to manipulate than the Styrofoam. When carving the specific design of your car, remove small layers of clay in the appropriate places in order to create the curved surface of the car, its particular window, windshield, and tire frame designs, and any other design features you added to it. You can buy plasticine clay and plaster carving tools at most art supplies stores.

summary: Use a paint program to make a 2D drawing, if necessary. Create a 3D rendering of your car with a car design program. Print a model of your car if you have access to a 3D printer. Craft a clay model of your car design if you don’t have a 3D printer.


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Use this measurement to get the size of the pirate hat accurate. This is the part that tends to make the pirate costume. Fortunately, it's very easy to make a pirate's hat. Use this as the template. If you're not confident in this, one can be found online. Place the template over lightweight card and trace around it. Do this twice, as you need two sides to the hat. Cut out the hat shape. Run glue or tape around the edges of the hat, leaving the base of the hat where your head goes in untouched. Let dry if using glue. Go over with at least two coats and let dry. Then paint on the skull and crossbones design in white. Again, if you're not super artsy, print this off the internet and glue on. If you're using paint, this may take two coats; white over black at first is gray. Be patient -- your hat is one of the flashiest parts of your outfit -- put the time in to make it right. Tape this together in a loop or circle. Slide this inside the hat and tape or glue to the hat. This will help to keep the hat shape open and keep it snugly on your head. If it's really windy out and you're forced to become an outdoor pirate, add elastic to keep the hat in place. Only do this as a last option though, as it can look a bit bulky and silly.

summary: Measure your head. Draw a pirate's hat shape on a piece of paper. Stick or glue the hat together. Paint the hat black. Cut a band of card that fits your head precisely.


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Every cookie dough recipe is a little different, so you should carefully review the specific recipe before proceeding. That said, most cookie dough recipes share the same basic ingredients in various proportions.  Use the following guidelines to prepare cookie dough if you have a list of ingredients but lost the instructions that go with it. Most cookie dough recipes use some type of fat, sugar, eggs, and flour. Salt and baking powder are not used as consistently but do appear in many cookie dough recipes as leavening agents. Butter is the most common fat used, but shortening is also used frequently. Butter creates crisper, thinner cookies, while shortening creates soft, cake-like cookies. Vanilla extract also appears in most cookie dough recipes. Note that ready-to-eat or safe-to-eat cookies doughs don't contain eggs. For best results, cut the cold butter into pieces and allow it to sit out at room temperature up to 30 minutes.  The butter should be soft enough for you to leave an indentation with your thumb. Do not let the butter melt, though. Softened butter and margarine are easier to combine with other ingredients. If running short on time, you can microwave the cold butter for 10-second intervals until softened. If using margarine instead of butter, make sure that the margarine contains 80 percent vegetable oil or more. If your recipe calls for both butter and shortening, you should cream them together with an electric mixer until smooth. Even if your recipe only contains one or the other, you should still consider beating the fat with an electric mixture until smooth. Doing so removes any lumps and allows the fat to mix into the dough more effectively. Use an electric mixer to beat in the sugar, salt, and baking powder or baking soda. These ingredients should be completely combined with the fat.  Cream these ingredients until the consistency and color both become lighter. This process creates air bubbles in the dough, thereby creating lighter cookies. Do not overbeat the dough, though, especially at this stage. Use an electric mixer to beat the eggs in one at a time on medium speed. Add the vanilla extract simultaneously or immediately after.  Beat until you remove all streaks of egg or extract. Consider leaving the eggs out at room temperature for 30 minutes before use. This makes it easier for the eggs to incorporate air in the batter, which creates lighter cookies. Use an electric mixer to beat in as much flour as possible, adding it slowly to the dough. When the mixer begins to strain, switch to a wooden spoon and stir the remaining flour into the dough that way.  Stand mixers can usually take the strain, so you may not need to do any stirring if using one. Hand-held mixers are less durable, though, and should be swapped out toward the end to prevent the mixer from burning out completely. Any chocolate chips, nuts, or similar ingredients should be stirred in after the flour. Saving instructions and baking instructions vary, so it is best to find instructions that are specific to your recipe.  Generally, you can wrap your dough tightly in plastic wrap and save it in the refrigerator for a week. Many cookie recipes bake around 350 degrees Fahrenheit (180 degrees Celsius) for 8 to 15 minutes.
summary: Review the ingredients. Soften the butter. Beat the butter and shortening together. Add the sugar, baking powder, and salt. Add the eggs and vanilla extract. Gradually add the flour. Save or bake as directed.