Summarize the following:
In cases of severe tennis elbow, simply resting the elbow and treating pain with OTC medications may not be enough to encourage the damaged tendons to heal themselves. If your tennis elbow persists for more than 1–2 days, schedule an appointment with your doctor. Also see your doctor if the pain in your elbow becomes extreme or no longer responds to ice and NSAIDs. If you have tried a few methods of decreasing elbow pain and they haven’t been effective ask your doctor about steroid injections. Doctors commonly inject corticosteroids into painful tendons or muscles that need to regenerate tissue. If the initial treatment works, your doctor may recommend follow-up injections for a few weeks. The doctor administering the steroid injection will first inject a local anesthetic so you don’t feel the multiple injections in your painful tendon. Treating tennis elbow with PRP—platelet rich plasma—is a relatively new method but it’s largely effective. You’ll need to visit your doctor or a surgeon and give a blood sample to begin the procedure. The surgeon will use a machine to remove the platelets from your blood sample and then re-inject those platelets back into your damaged elbow tendon.  Platelets can heal damaged tissue and should greatly speed up the healing process in your damaged tendons. The whole procedure should take only about 15 minutes. You may feel mild discomfort during the injection. Check with your insurance provider to see if this type of procedure is covered for you. If you—or your doctor—would rather not use injections to treat your tennis elbow, ask them about shockwave therapy. When you receive shockwave therapy, the doctor will use an electrical device to pass high-energy shockwaves into your damaged elbow. This will stop the pain that you’re feeling and will also encourage the damaged tendons to heal.  Since shockwave therapy can be a little uncomfortable, the doctor may give you a local anesthetic first. If you have severe pain or serious tendon damage, you may need to return for multiple sessions of shockwave therapy. Surgery is regarded as the last option for tennis elbow, but may be appropriate if the condition has gone on for months without improving. To decrease the pain you feel from the damaged or torn tendons, a doctor will shorten or repair the tendons. This will take several months to heal. Your general practitioner will most likely refer you to a surgeon for this procedure.

summary: Visit your doctor if your elbow still hurts after trying other methods. Receive steroid injections around your damaged tendons, if recommended. Ask your doctor about PRP injections to your damaged tendon. Try shockwave therapy for a noninvasive option. Consider surgery if other treatments don’t improve your tennis elbow.


Summarize the following:
Telling your parents you don’t want to go to college can be really scary. Lay out your reasons for not wanting to go and then tell them you’d like their help in making a different plan for your life after high school. Start the conversation by saying, "Mom and Dad, I wanted to talk to you about my plans for after high school. I know you always really wanted me to go to college, but I'm not sure if that's the right path for me. I was hoping we could talk about my options." If a lot of your friends are planning to go off to college, you might feel a little abandoned, or like no one understands what your experience will be like. Look for people in similar situations, or rely on friends who are remaining in the area, to support and spend time with you after the summer is over.

summary: Talk with your parents. Find a supportive network.


Summarize the following:
Respiratory rate is how many breaths you take in a minute. At birth, the average human respiratory rate ranges from 30 – 60 breaths per minute, whereas its much lower at 12 – 20 breaths per minute in adults. Tidal volume is the amount of air inhaled or exhaled during normal respiration (breathing), which amounts to about 0.5 L in both men and women.  Tidal volumes increase during deep sleep and with relaxation, but decrease with stress, nervousness and panic attacks. In contrast, residual lung volume does not fluctuate with states of consciousness or mood. Men have slightly higher residual lung volumes because they tend to have larger bodies and lungs. When you exhale while breathing normally, the volume of air left in your lungs is called the functional residual capacity, which is NOT your residual volume. Instead, the residual volume is the air left in your lungs after a forced exhalation, which indirectly measures the strength of your respiratory muscles (diaphragm, intercostal muscles, etc.) as well as the health of your lung tissues.  Shallow breathing (due to asthma, for example) results in a larger functional residual capacity, whereas a larger residual lung volume is a sign of good fitness and healthy lung tissue. Average functional residual capacity is about 2.3 L of air in men and 1.8 L in women. In contrast, residual lung volume is always lower than functional residual capacity — 1.2 L for men and 1.1 L for women. Although residual lung volume is the amount of air left in your lungs after you completely breathe out, the reality is that it's practically impossible to do so on your own. As such, residual lung volume isn't measured like tidal volume is, for example; instead its calculation has to be done via indirect methods such as closed circuit dilution (including helium dilution), nitrogen washout and body plethysmography.  In absence of special testing, residual lung volume can be estimated based on a proportion of body mass or vital capacity, as well as a person's height, weight and age; however, these estimates are not particularly accurate and not as helpful for determining lung diseases. Residual lung volume is reduced with restrictive lung disease, but it also changes somewhat in response to pregnancy, significant weight gain and muscle weakness due to aging.
summary: Realize that residual lung volume is not your tidal volume. Know that residual lung volume is not the same as functional residual capacity. Remember that residual lung volume is not easy to measure.