Summarize the following:
For the purposes of this example, lets assume that in addition to entering an original measurement in cell A2, you also filled cells A3 and A4 with a measurement. You've already converted the measurement in cell A2 by entering a convert formula in cell B2. You can quickly convert the rest of your measurements (the ones in A3 and A4) by dragging the formula down into the cells in column B.  For example: in cell A2, you entered “1”; in cell A3, you entered “5”; in cell A4, you entered “10”. The convert function you entered in cell B2 reads: “=Convert(A2, “in”, “cm”)”. When you are converting multiple measurements, you must enter the cell's name instead of your measurement in the "number" space. When you select a cell, a small, gray square appears in the lower right corner. Only select as many cells in column B as are filled with original measurements in column A.  For example: since you entered measurements in cells A3 and A4, you will select cells B3 and B4. Alternately, you may apply the convert function to multiple cells using the “fill” method. After you've selected cell B2, hold down ⇧ Shift and select your cells from Column B. You should select all the cells that have corresponding measurements in column A. Click the “Home” tab. Select “Fill” then select and “Down.” The converted measurements will appear in column B. The measurements listed in column A will be converted and appear in column B.  For example: you will see “2.54” in cell B2; “12.7” in cell B3; and “25.4” in cell B4.  If the function returns the “#N/A” error, check the unit abbreviations again. Make sure the abbreviation is correct and that the two units belong to the same group (for example it is not possible to convert mass into length). Please note, unit names and prefixes ARE case-sensitive. If the function returns the “#VALUE!” error, this means you have entered the “number” incorrectly. Make sure you have only entered one value or cell reference.

summary: Select B2 (where your original CONVERT function is). Click and hold on the gray square in the lower right corner. Drag your cursor down column B to select multiple cells. Release the cursor once you've selected all the cells you wish to apply the convert function to.


Summarize the following:
The best way to teach your puppy a command or to teach your puppy that certain behaviors are not acceptable is through positive reinforcement. This simply means praising appropriate behavior instead of attempting to punish inappropriate behavior. You can weed out improper behavior by giving your puppy motivation to behave in the ways that he know will get him praise and treats. One of the most important aspects of training via positive reinforcement is consistency since your puppy will only understand through repetition. The first thing to be consistent about is the word you use to communicate to your puppy that you want him to stop growling. “Quiet” is the most common phrase for this. Once your puppy understands the meaning of “quiet,” you can also use this command for inappropriate barking, whining, and other vocalizations. Always ensure that the puppy isn’t actually vocalizing for good reason before issuing the command. If the puppy doesn’t start growling as soon as you pick him up, then provide verbal praise by telling him he’s a good boy in a soft voice. You should also keep several small pieces of treat in your pocket and give him a nibble-size bite of treat while he remains quiet and docile as you hold him. To ensure that you’re not giving puppy too much in the way of treats as you train, use very small pieces—pea-sized even. You want the puppy to begin associating the treats with the quiet, calm behavior he shows when you hold him. As soon as the puppy starts growling, stop giving him praise and treats. However, do not put him down. If you also put the puppy down when he starts growling, then he’ll begin associating growling with you putting him down, which will only strengthen the behavior instead of eliminating it. If you’ve chosen “quiet” as the command, use it now after you’ve stopped giving the puppy treats. Use a stern tone but not one that is loud or so aggressive that it will scare the puppy. If you issue the command in a soft tone, then the puppy will only think it’s more praise since that’s the same tone you use for the positive reinforcement. Only use the command once and then wait for the puppy to stop. Repeating the phrase over and over will only make it harder for the puppy to associate it with the desired behavior. As soon as the puppy stops growling for several seconds, provide more praise and treats. You may have to wait a minute for the puppy to give up on the growling behavior, but give him more treats and praise as soon as he stops. It won’t happen immediately, but the puppy will begin to understand after days (or weeks) or repetitions that you’re pleased and give small treats when he’s quiet while being held and that all of that positive reinforcement ceases when he growls. Always end on a moment of positive reinforcement. Though you may have to wait for the puppy to stop growling even when you yourself are ready to put him down, always end the training sessions on moments of positive reinforcement. Wait for the puppy to stop growling, give him the praise and treats, and then finally put him back down. To help avoid too much reliance on treats, you can also use other forms of positive reinforcement. For instance, when you’re ready to put the puppy down, wait for him to stop growling and then offer him praise and immediately give him his favorite toy to play with when you set him down. Puppies will only learn the behavior if you show extreme consistency in providing and taking away the positive reinforcement. Mixed messages does not work in puppy training. Be diligent when it comes to providing the puppy with praise, treats, and his toys for displaying the proper behavior. This means that everyone in the household has to do their part in the training process as well. Your puppy won’t learn if you’re the only one trying to teach. Ensure that everyone who handles the puppy uses the same process of providing positive reinforcement. Some puppies may catch onto the command after only a few repetitions, whereas other puppies may need weeks to catch on. Have patience because with consistency, the puppy will eventually learn. Never get so frustrated that you scold or swat the puppy. Dogs understand when you’re angry at them but rarely why you’re angry, so punishments can confuse your dog. Stick with positive reinforcement. As your puppy learns what behavior you expect of him when he’s held and when you issue the “quiet” command, you can reduce the frequency at which you provide treats for obedience. While you should decrease the dependence on treats, always continue remaining consistent with other forms of positive reinforcement, especially praise.  Initially, provide a treat four out of every five times that your puppy obeys and displays the correct behavior. As he begins responding regularly to the “quiet” command, then reduce to three out of five times and continue reducing at slow intervals. When your puppy fully understands and consistently obeys all the time, you can reduce to only providing an occasional treat.  Vary the reinforcement schedule. Your puppy is smarter than you may realize, and he’ll catch on if you consistently provide treats every other time, which can lead to him only obeying every other time. Use a schedule that’ll keep him trying to please you and receive his treats.

summary: Research positive reinforcement. Choose a command. Provide treats and praise when you pick the puppy up. Stop providing treats if he starts growling. Use your chosen command. Provide more praise and treats when the puppy stops growling. End on a good note. Show consistency. Have patience. Reduce the dependence on treats.


Summarize the following:
Listen to the dynamics; this helps with mostly classical pieces. Setting yourself smaller goals within the piece of music will make it more manageable and less frustrating. Moreover, by splitting it into parts, you can listen to the dynamics with greater ease and try to follow along as you listen. This helps you to tell the difference between how you're playing and how the artist is playing the piece. The extent of parts you split the piece up into will depend on the length of the music and how difficult it is; use your judgement to decide.
summary: Find the piece you are working on. Split the piece up.