In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Shoulder joints are susceptible to various injuries involving numerous tissues, such as muscles, tendons, ligaments, cartilage, bones, nerves and blood vessels. But keep in mind that the degree of the shoulder pain is not always commensurate with the seriousness of the injury. Some serious injuries can generate only mild-to-moderate pain, whereas relatively minor sprains and strains can cause severe short-term pain. As such, get your doctor to examine your shoulder pain to make sure that it's stable enough to participate in yoga classes. Your doctor may take x-rays of the shoulder joint or send you for an MRI or CT scan to get a better idea of what's causing your shoulder pain.  Less serious causes of shoulder pain that could possibly benefit from yoga exercises / positions include mild ligament sprains, bursitis and osteoarthritis (the wear and tear type); mild-to-moderate muscle strains and contusions (bruises). Shoulder injuries and conditions not appropriate for yoga include glenohumeral dislocations, acromioclavicular separations, inflammatory arthritis (rheumatoid), advanced osteoarthritis, nerve impingement, severely torn ligaments or tendons, and any type of bone fracture or tumor. Yoga involves a number of poses or positions that put pressure on the shoulder girdle. If your shoulder pain is caused by an injury or condition that makes the shoulder joint unstable (severe arthritis, cartilage tear, nerve impingement, broken bones, dislocation), then joining a yoga class is not a good idea at all. Get your family physician, chiropractor, physiotherapist or even personal trainer at the gym to assess your shoulder for stability, which includes testing it for normal range of motion and strength.  If your painful shoulder has near full range of motion and strength, then doing yoga poses that put weight on your upper body is likely okay and maybe even beneficial. Too much movement in the shoulder joint is the hallmark sign of instability and usually caused by severely stretched or torn ligaments surrounding the joint capsule. Reduced range of motion in the shoulder is often caused by arthritis, cartilage damage, excessive scar tissue or build-up of inflammation. Yoga postures require a base level of strength, flexibility, balance, body awareness, and coordination to accomplish. Doing the postures without proper alignment can increase your risk of a musculoskeletal injury.   While standing, reach around the front of your body to the opposite elbow or wrist. Gently pull across your chest until you feel a stretch in the corresponding shoulder. Hold for 30 seconds and do at least 3x daily. Also while standing, reach behind your back and grab the wrist or elbow of the other arm (the one with shoulder pain). Slowly pull down until you feel a good stretch in the affected shoulder. Again, hold for 30 seconds and do at least 3x daily. Good strengthening exercises for your shoulders include rowing, swimming, push-ups and pull-ups. You can modify these exercises or use assistive devices to make them easier if you are not ready to bear weight on your shoulder. Recreational activities that can strengthen and mobilize your shoulders include tennis, bowling and archery.
Summary: Consult with your family physician. Make sure your shoulder is stable and functional. Consider light exercises and stretches before attending yoga classes.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: Some people that create a compost pile get worried when they are turning their compost and they discover it is hot in the middle. While it's not strictly necessary, a compost pile that's working at its fastest will heat up.  If you have created a good mix, you may notice that it's very warm inside, even steaming on a cold morning.  This is a good sign. There are some types of yard debris that can go in the compost but they will take a long time to biodegrade, such as tough branches, twigs, and hedge clippings. You may want to compost them separately because they will take longer to break down, especially in a cold climate with a shorter composting season, than other items. Shred heavy materials, if you can, for faster decomposition. You can put weeds in your compost but there is risk that this could spread them around your yard. If you are sure they have not already gone to seed, then they are perfectly safe to compost. However, if they have gone to seed, the safest thing to do is to put them in your yard debris bin instead of your compost bin. While it's technically possible to compost dog feces, this must only be attempted under very special conditions in municipally sanctioned compost bins; usually these are located in local parks. Do not use this compost in or near vegetable and fruit gardens. Check with your local municipality for more information.  Encourage your municipality to supply these bins in parks and on dog-walking routes. Manure of any animal that eats meat should never be added. While herbivorous animals' manure can be great for composting, the manure of a pig, dog, cat, or other carnivore/omnivore can contaminate your compost and plants with food-borne illnesses. There are a variety of to-go food containers that are being used today that are marked as compostable. However, they are typically only compostable in industrial composting processes. They will not break down properly in a home compost bin because the temperatures don't get high enough there.
Summary: Expect the compost to heat up. Decide whether to add slow-rotting items. Be cautious about adding weeds to your compost pile. Keep animal waste out of your compost bin. Don't add compostable containers to your home compost bin.

In one sentence, describe what the following article is about: People who live closer to the equator are exposed to more ultra-violet (UV) radiation, so their cells produce more melanin. This excess melanin leads to a darker skin pigmentation that helps the skin protect itself from UV damage. Keeping out of the sun will keep skin from producing extra melanin, which may help the pigment return to a paler state. If your skin is naturally dark, however, staying out of the sun won't do much.  Keep out of the sun as much as possible, especially in the late morning and afternoon. If you must be outside while the sun is brightest, try to stick to the shade. Try carrying an umbrella to protect yourself from the sun. A regular black umbrella that’s designed to keep you dry in the rain will also block out at least 90 percent of UV rays.  Remember that sunlight and UV rays bounce off concrete, water, sand, snow, and other surfaces. Be aware of your environment! Choose a broad-spectrum sunscreen that protects against UVA (rays that age your skin) and UVB (rays that burn your skin). Find a sunscreen with an SPF (sun-protection factor) between 30 and 50. Any SPF above 50 is not significantly more effective, so don’t worry about finding the highest number. You are still exposed to UV rays in winter, even though it's cooler. Wear sunscreen every day of the year, especially if you enjoy winter sports at high elevations. Most summer-weight clothing (e.g. cotton garments) does not provide a measurable amount of sun protection. Look for clothes with a UPF (ultraviolet protection) rating. Choose clothes with long sleeves, long hems, and high collars. Consider wearing sunglasses, gloves, and wide-brimmed hats. The sun is necessary for vitamin D production, but most people don’t need more than 20 minutes of uncovered exposure.
Summary:
Avoid UV exposure. Wear sunscreen. Wear protective clothing.